宾语从句要点秘笈及口诀附专项练习和答案.docx
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宾语从句要点秘笈及口诀附专项练习和答案.docx
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宾语从句要点秘笈及口诀附专项练习和答案
宾语从句
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
如:
Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn'tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.
Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.Weknew(that)weshouldlearnfromeachother.
2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
如:
Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingforHeaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
Canyoutellmewherethebusstopis Idon'tknowwhythetrainislate.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
如:
Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.
Pleasetellmeif(whether)youhavebeentoAmerica.
注意:
if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。
故遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们属于哪种从句。
比较:
Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tcome.(时间状语从句)
Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.(宾语从句)
攻克宾语从句的三大秘笈
秘笈一:
引导词
①如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;②如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由特殊疑问词即what,when,where等转换而来的宾语从句。
如:
Ithink(that)hewillcomeherebytrain.我认为他会坐火车来这儿的。
Heaskedmeif/whetherIknowhisnewaddress.他问我是否知道他的新地址。
Iwanttoknowwhenyougotbackhomeyesterday.我想知道你昨天什么时候到家的。
秘笈二:
语序
①宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序,即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。
也就是说,将疑问句转化成宾语从句时,一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。
如:
Canyoutellmewhathewilldotomorrow你能告诉我他明天将要做什么吗
注:
当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时,语序不变。
如:
Doyouknowwhatmakeshimsoexcited 你知道什么事使他如此兴奋吗
Idon’tknowwhatiswrongwithhim. 我不知道他出什么事了。
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。
如:
DoesheworkhardIwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.
WhendidheleaveIdon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.
秘笈三:
时态
主句为一般现在时态,则宾语从句根据实际情况用任意的时态;但主句为一般过去时态时,宾语从句则要用过去的相对应的某种时态。
例如:
Shetellsmethatshewillcomebybus. Shetoldmethatshewouldcomebybus.
Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterday.Ihaveheard(that)hewillcomebacknextweek.
注:
如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。
如:
Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
Ourteachertoldusthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.
宾语从句中的从句的简化
1.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
如:
Shefoundthatthewalletwaslyingontheground. →Shefoundthewalletlyingontheground.
2.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
如:
Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.
3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。
如:
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation
宾语从句中的人称变化和标点的使用
1.从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。
如:
“MayIuseyourknife”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.
“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber”Heaskedme. →HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.
2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。
主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。
如:
WhowillgiveusatalkIdon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.
DoyouknowWheredoeshelive→Doyouknowwherehelives
口诀记忆宾语从句
宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采。
展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关。
主从时态须一致,陈述语序永不变。
陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连。
特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换。
三关过后莫得意,注意人称和标点。
留意if/when变脸,从句简化记心间。
宾语从句专项练习
( )1.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?
A.whatwillTomdo B.whatdidTomdo C.whatTomwilldo D.whatTomdid
( )2.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whatishisname B.what’shisname C.thathisnameis D.whathisnameis
( )3.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?
A.that B.whether C.what D.which
( )4.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.
A.whichisthewaytothemuseum B.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping
C.whatisthewaytothemuseum D.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping
( )5.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?
A.that B.whose C.who D.which
( )6.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening.
A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshome
C.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome
( )7.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning?
A.howdoeshemend B.howhemends C.howhemended D.howdidhemend
( )8.---I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive ---Usuallyitcomesby4:
00.
A.how B.where C.when D.what
( )9.---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme________---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It’snexttoahospital.
A.howwecangettothepostofficeB.howcanwegettothepostoffice
C.howgettothepostofficeD.howcouldwegettothepostoffice
( )10.---CanIhelpyou ---Yes.I’dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellme______taketogetthere?
A.howsoonwillit B.howsoonitwill C.howlongitwill D.howlongwillit
( )11.Hewantedtoknow___________.
A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstart
C.whathe’sgoingtodoatthemeetingD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld
( )12.---Couldyoutellme_________theBambooGarden---Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.
A.whenwillyouvisit B.whenyouwillvisit C.whenwouldyouvisit D.whenyouwouldvisit
( )13.Wouldyoupleasetellme_________next,Mr.Wang?
A.whatshouldwedo B.weshoulddowhat C.whatweshoulddo D.shouldwedowhat
( )14.Youcan’timagine_________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcited
( )15.Iwanttoknow________youwillcomebackat8:
00tomorrow.
A.that B.when C.where D.whether
( )16.---Couldyoutellme____________ ---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.
A.whatdoeshesayatthemeeting B.whatdidhesayatthemeeting
C.whathesaysatthemeeting D.whathesaidatthemeeting
( )17.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight ---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.
A.whatyouweredoing B.whatwereyoudoing C.whatyouaredoing D.whatareyoudoing
( )18.Theteacheraskedthestudents__________.
A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurs B.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn
C.whattheywilldowiththecomputers D.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted
( )19.Everymorningthepatientsareaskedif________theirtemperaturetaken.
A.theyhadhad B.havetheyhad C.theyhavehad D.hadtheyhad
( )20.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.
A.how B.why C.that D.when
( )21.Pleasetellme___ ___.Ihavesomegoodnewsforhim.
A.whereRobertlives B.wheredoesRobertlive C.whereRobertlived D.wheredidRobertlive
( )22.—Wedon’tknow . —ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.
A.whatheis B.whenhewasborn C.wherehecomesfrom D.ifheliveshere
( )23.—MayIcomeinI’msorryIamlate. —Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme______
A.whyyouarelateagain B.whatwereyoudoingthen
C.whoyoutalkedwith D.howdoyoucametoschool
( )24.Couldyoutellme________
A.WhenwillMarycomeback B.WhenMarycomesback C.WhenMarywillcomeback
( )25.—Whatdidyousayjustnow —Iasked_______.
A.thatIcouldopenthedoor B.couldIopenthedoor
C.howcouldIopenthedoor D.howIcouldopenthedoor
( )26.—Doyouknow________,Mike —OnMay12th,2008
A.whentheearthquaketookplaceinWenChuanB.whendidtheearthquaketakeplaceinWenChuan
C.whentheearthquakewilltakeplaceinWenChuan
参考答案:
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;21.A ;22.C;23.A ;24.C ;25.D ;26.A
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