宾语从句高中 难.docx
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宾语从句高中 难.docx
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宾语从句高中难
宾语从句
1.概念:
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,即在在主从复合句中充当宾语,起宾语作用的句子。
包括动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和系表结构的宾语从句。
宾语从句的连接词that,whether,if;连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等;连接副词when,where,why,how等。
注:
从属连词是连词的一种,用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。
2.宾语从句的句法功能
1.做动词的宾语
Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematter.
【拓展】有些短语动词也可以接宾语从句,如makeupone’smind(下决心),makesure(确保),keepinmind(牢记)等。
Makesurethatnoonefindsoutaboutthis.
2.做介词的宾语
Italldependsonwhetheritwillbefine(adj.好的;健康的;晴朗的;)thedayaftertomorrow.
3.做系表结构的宾语。
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:
afraid,sure,certainly,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,satisfied,surprised等。
Shewassorrythatshehadn’tfinishedherworkontime.
3.宾语从句的引导词
1.that
由that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义。
从属连词that无实际意义,在从句中不充当任何成分。
Hesaid(that)hewasgoodatdrawing.
I’msure(that)hewillcometomorrow.
【注意】
(1)在以下情况中that不能省略:
A.当宾语从句的主语是this,that或被this,that修饰时。
Shesaidthatthisbookwasveryuseful.
Hetoldusthatthatwaswhyhewaslate.
(2)许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
例句:
Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomeworkontime.
(3)如果主句的谓语动词是ask时,连词不可能是that;如果主句的谓语动词是say时,连词用that.
Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.
Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.
HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.
Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.
2.whether/if
(1)可用whether/if的情况
whether/if引导的从句在从句中不做成分,意为“是否”。
Iwonderwhether/iftheywillcometoourparty.
(2)只用whether不用if的情况
A.引导介词后的宾语从句时。
I’minterestedinwhetherhejoinsthearmy.
B.与ornot连用时。
Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?
C.与动词不定式连用时,也只能用whether。
Tomorrowtheteacherwilltelluswhethertohavearest.
D.在少数动词后,如discuss,doubt等动词后的宾语从句常用whether。
Theyarediscussingwhetherweshouldgroup(v.合并)thesethreecompanies.
E.当宾语从句放在句首时,不能用if,只能用whether.
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.这是否是真的,我说不上来。
(3)只能用if不用whether的情况:
当if引导否定概念的宾语从句时。
例句:
HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.
3.连接代词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接代词what,whatever,who,whom,whose,which,whoever, whomever,whichever等引导,它们在其中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等,不能被省略。
Canyoutellmewhomyouarewaitingfor?
Webelievewhatshetoldus.我们相信她对我们说的话。
Doyouknowwhohaswonthegame?
4.连接副词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,why,how等引导,它们在句中担任状语的成分,不能被省略。
NoneofusknowswhereEnglishbookscanbebought.
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。
四.宾语从句的时态
1.当主句谓语动词是一般现在时或者祈使句时,宾语从句根据情况选用时态(主现从任)
Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell(顺利).
Pleasetellmewhomyouwenttotheparkwiththismorning.
2.当主句谓语动词是过去的某种时态时,从句中谓语动词也要用过去范畴的时态(主过从过)。
但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,不论主句是什么时态,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时。
Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion4onPage5.
Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.
Myfathertoldmethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.
【注意】
(1)could/would是委婉语气,而不是过去式,因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态
Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?
Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?
五.宾语从句的语序
引导词(在最前)+陈述句语序(即:
主语在前,谓语在后.即使从句表达的是疑问含义).
Thephotographswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.
HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.
【注意】宾语从句要用陈述语序,主语前不可有be动词,情态动词或助动词do,does,did,have,has,had等。
六.宾语从句的否定转移
当主句的谓语是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect等表示主观看法的动词,且主句的主语是第一人称时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.
Wedon’tbelieveshecandoitbetter,canshe?
Idon’tsupposeI’lltroubleyouagain.
*七.宾语从句的简化
1.由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。
Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.
→Idon’tknowwhattodonext.
2.当主句的谓语动词是see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句可简化为“宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语为不带to的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。
Hesawthewalletwaslyingonthefloor.=Hesawthewalletlying(v.躺;说谎;坐落在;处于…状态)onthefloor.
1.Noonecanbesure_______inamillionyears.(91)陈述语序A
A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike
C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike
2.Youcanonlybesureof______youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture..(2007年安徽)
A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that
3.Acomputercanonlydo _____youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.how B.after C.what D.when
4.Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning_____histeammateshaddone.
A.what B.which C.why D.while
5.Thebosswentuptoask_____.
A.whatthematterwas B.what’sthematterC.whatwasthematter D.whatthematteris
6.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.
A.leavesB.wouldleave C.hadleftD.hadbeenaway
7.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.
A.expected B.toexpect C.tobeexpecting D.expects
8.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows________.
A.itwhattodowith B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit D.todowhatwithit
9.Themotherdidn’tknow_____toblamefor(blamefor因…怪罪,责怪某人)thebrokenglassesasithappenedwhileshewasout.
A.who B.when C.how D.What
10.Didyoufindout______?
A.shewaslookingforwhosechild B.whosechildwasshelookingfor
C.whosechildsheislookingfor D.whosechildshewaslookingfor
11.Areyouinterestedin_____?
A.howdidhedoit B.hedidithow C.howhedidit D.hehowdidit
12.Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme?
D
A.howthetwoplayersareold B.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowold D.howoldthetwoplayersare
13.It’s7:
30.Ican’tbelieveyou___cookingdinneryet,Sally.
A.haven’tstarted B.didn’t C.don’tstart D.hadn’tstarted
14.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25____ChristmasDay.
A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.willbe
15.Theteachersaidthattheearth_______roundthesun.
A.goes B.go C.went D.willgo
16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.(NMET1997)
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
17.Thesephotographswillshowyou_______.(89)
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike
18.Canyoumakesure_______thegoldring?
(90)
A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceput
C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput
19.Heasked________fortheviolin.(93)
A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch
C.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
20.—Doyouremember_______hecame?
—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.(94)
A.howB.whenC.thatD.If
21.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo________Icantosavethem.(00)
A.thatB.whichC.whicheverD.whatever
22.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis________mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(01)
A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why
23.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:
Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly________hewants.(2002上海)
A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that
24.Wecannotfigureout(想出;解决;计算出;弄明白)_______quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.(2004北京)C.
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
25.Parentsaretaughttounderstand______importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.(04广东)
A.thatB.howC.suchD.so
26.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican'tunderstand______theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.(04)A
A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how
27.Marywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.(05北京)
A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
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