考研历年英二真题阅读文.docx
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考研历年英二真题阅读文.docx
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考研历年英二真题阅读文
考研历年英二真题阅读文2021
考研历年英二真题阅读文1
Text3
Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing-AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$l3.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn'thaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers'friendshipsandsociallives.
FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichThereaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?
ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.
Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofChangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon'tpayforthem.TheusersoftheirServicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem-andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.
Theproductthey'resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodateforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammeoutofourinboxes.Itdoesn'tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.
31.AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits.
[A]digitalproducts
[B]userinformation
[C]physicalassets
[D]qualityservice
32.LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay.
[A]worsenpoliticaldisputes
[B]messupcustomerrecords
[C]posearisktoFacebookusers
[D]misleadtheEuropeancommission
33.Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw.
[A]shouldseverthenewmarketpowers
[B]mayworsentheeconomicimbalance
[C]shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution
[D]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket
34.CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause.
[A]theyarenotdefinedascustomers
[B]theyarenotfinanciallyreliable
[C]theservicesaregenerallydigital
[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers
35.Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate.
[A]awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants
[B]atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiants
[C]thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants’customers
[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers
考研历年英二真题阅读文2
Text3
Evenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,"saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehnShestartedspinningoffexamples."IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990,wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikeJourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn'ttalkaboutenergy;wedidn'ttalkaboutpassion."
Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery"team"-oriented-andnotbycoincidence."Let'snotforgetsDorts-inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica,it'sstillabigdeal.It'snotexplicitlyconscious;it'stheideathatI'macoach,andyou'remyteam,andwe'reinthistogethec.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin".
Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning-and,asKhuranapointsout,increaseallegiancetothefirm."Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations:
Termslikevision,values,passion,andpurpose,"saidKhurana
Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalanceThe"mommywars"ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan'thaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandberg'sLeanIn,whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehomeButifyourworkisyour"passion,"you'IIbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit,evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed
Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:
Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbitAsNunbergsaid,"Youcangetpeopletothinkit'snonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit."Inaworkplacethat'sfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaningofficespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork-andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare
31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome________
[A]moreemotional
[B]moreobjective
[C]lessenergetic
[D]lessenergetic
[E]lessstrategic
32."team"-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto________
[A]historicalincidents
[B]genderdifference
[C]sportsculture
[D]athleticexecutives
33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto________
[A]revivehistoricalterms
[B]promotecompanyimage
[C]fostercorporatecooperation
[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty
34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn_________
[A]voicesforworkingwomen
[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics
[C]triggersdcbatesamongmommies
[D]praisesmotivatedemployees
35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?
[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit
[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense
[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental
[D]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit
考研历年英二真题阅读文3
Text3
Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.
Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.
Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’redoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.
Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners.
JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation;twodays,nottwoseconds.
Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:
dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.
31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay____.
[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation
[B]provethecomplexityofourbrainreaction
[C]dependontheimportanceoftheassessment
[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment
32.Ourreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnaodecisions____.
[A]canbeassociative
[B]arenotunconscious
[C]canbedangerous
[D]arenotimpulsive
33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould____.
[A]trustourfirstimpression
[B]doaspeopleusuallydo
[C]thinkbeforeweact
[D]askforexpertadvice
34.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebasedon____.
[A]criticalassessment
[B]‘‘thinsliced’’study
[C]sensibleexplanation
[D]adequateinformation
35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis_
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