届高考英语人教必修四精析讲义Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Warming UpReadingPrereading含答案.docx
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届高考英语人教必修四精析讲义Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Warming UpReadingPrereading含答案.docx
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届高考英语人教必修四精析讲义Unit2SectionⅠWarmingUpReadingPrereading含答案
EstablishingahumancolonyontheMoonandtravellingtoMarshasbeenthestuffofdreamssincethedawnofthespaceage.
Butthesevisionsfacemanyhurdles(障碍).Howcanhumanssurviveformonthsoryearsintheultrahostile(极端恶劣的)environmentofspace?
What,forinstance,willtheyeat?
AgriculturalresearchersataDutchuniversitysaytheyaretakingthefirststepstowardsprovidingananswer.
TheyaregrowingvegetablesinsoilssimilartothosefoundontheMoonandMars,lookingforwaysofhelpingspacepioneersgrowtheirowncrops.“WhenpeoplegototheMoonandMarstheyalsohavetoeat,andit’seasiestforthemtogrowtheirownfood,”saidWiegerWamelink,surroundedbyseveraldozenplantsinaspecialgreenhouseatWageningen,anagriculturaluniversityincentralNetherlands.
“WewantedtouserealMartianandlunarsoil,toseeifplantswouldactuallygrowinit,”Wamelinktoldreporters.
Ofcourse,gettingreallunarandMartianpottingsoilisanimpossibletask.ButanInternetsearchrevealedanunlikelysupplier:
NASA.
“TheUSspaceagencymakesgroundsimilartothatontheMoonfromsandfoundinanArizonadesert,whileMars’crimson’soil’isscooped(舀;掏)fromavolcanoinHawaii,”Wamelinktoldreporters.
Thefirstexperimentsstartedin2013afterWageningenreceivedanorderof100kilograms(220pounds)ofNASA’simitation“spacesoil”—ataheftypriceof2,000euros(D|S2,285).
“Toworkinthissoilwasveryspecial.Nobody,notevenNASA,couldtelluswhatwouldhappen,evenjustbysimplyaddingwater,”hesaid.Theimitationgroundatfirstwasalittle“reluctant”toabsorbwater,butsoonturnedouttobegoodpottingsoil.
“EspeciallyintheMartiansoil,plantsweregrowingveryfastandverygood.Theyevenstartedtoflower,somethingthatweneveranticipated(预料,预见),”Wamelinksaid.
Section_Ⅰ
WarmingUp&Reading—Prereading
APIONEER①FORALLPEOPLE
AlthoughheisoneofChina’smostfamousscientists,YuanLongpingconsidershimselfafarmer,forheworkstheland②todohisresearch.Indeed,hissunburnt③faceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,④forwhomhehasstruggled⑤forthepastfivedecades⑥.YuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsuper⑦hybrid⑧rice⑨.In1973,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowrice⑩thathasahighoutput⑪.Thisspecialstrain⑫ofricemakesitpossibletoproduce20%moreofthecrop⑬inthesamefields⑭.Nowmorethan60%ofthericeproducedinChina⑮eachyearisfromthishybridstrain.
Bornin1930,YuanLongpinggraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorerice⑯hasbeenhislifegoal.Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.Atthattime,hunger⑰wasadisturbing⑱probleminmanypartsofthecountryside.YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpanding⑲theareaofthefields.In1950,Chinesefarmerscouldproduceaboutfiftysixmilliontonsofrice.Inarecentharvest,however,nearlytwohundredmilliontonsofricewasproduced.Theseincreasedharvests⑳meanthat22%oftheworld’speoplearefedfromjust7%ofthefarmlandintheworld.YuanLongpingisnowcirculating
hisknowledgeinIndia,Vietnam
andmanyotherlessdevelopedcountriestoincreasetheirriceharvests.Thanksto
hisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattle
toridtheworldof
hunger.Usinghishybridrice
,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeas
before.
①pioneern.开拓者;先锋;先驱
②worktheland耕种土地
work在此处意为“管理,经营,耕种”,是及物动词。
③sunburnt/’sʌnbɜːnt/adj.晒黑的
④forwhomhehasstruggled=whomhehasstruggledfor。
⑤struggle/’strʌɡl/vi.&n.斗争;拼搏;努力
⑥decade/’dekeId/n.十年;十年期
forthepastfivedecades在过去的50年里,与现在完成时连用。
⑦super/’sjuːpə/adj.特级的;超级的
常用来构成合成名词,如:
supermarket“超市”,superman“超人”。
⑧hybrid/’haIbrId/adj.混合的;杂种的n.杂交种;混血儿
⑨whatiscalledsuperhybridrice是what引导的宾语从句,what意为“……的东西;……的事情”。
⑩动词不定式togrowrice作定语,修饰pioneer。
当词前有序数词或最高级修饰时,多用动词不定式而非分词短语作定语。
⑪output/’aʊtpʊt/n.产量;输出(反义词:
input)
⑫strain/streIn/n.(植物的)品种;种类
⑬crop/krɒp/n.庄稼;农作物;产量
⑭makesitpossible是“make+宾语+宾补”结构,其中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是toproduce20%moreofthecropinthesamefields。
⑮过去分词短语producedinChina作后置定语,修饰rice。
⑯动名词短语findingwaystogrowmorerice在句中作主语,动词不定式短语togrowmorerice作定语,修饰ways。
⑰hunger/’hʌŋɡə/n.饥饿;欲望vt.&vi.(使)饥饿
haveastronghungerforsth.有得到某物的强烈欲望
⑱disturbing/dI’stɜːbIŋ/adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的
⑲expand/Ik’spænd/vt.&vi.使变大;伸展
⑳过去分词increased作定语,修饰harvests。
circulate/’sɜːkjʊleIt/vt.&vi.循环;流传
circulateknowledge传播知识
Vietnam/ˌvjet’næm/n.越南(东南亚国家)
thanksto幸亏;由于;因为
battle/’bætl/n.战役;战斗;较量;斗争vt.&vi.搏斗;奋斗
rid...of使……摆脱或除去
rid/rId/vt.摆脱;除去
现在分词短语usinghishybridrice作原因状语。
twiceaslargeas……的两倍大
造福全人类的先驱
[第1~2段译文]
尽管他是中国最著名的科学家
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