从人物性格特点浅析《德伯家的苔丝》英语专业毕业论文.docx
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从人物性格特点浅析《德伯家的苔丝》英语专业毕业论文.docx
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从人物性格特点浅析《德伯家的苔丝》英语专业毕业论文
中南大学
CENTRALSOUTHUNIVERSITY
高等教育自学考试英语专业毕业论文
题目从人物性格特点浅析《德伯家的苔丝》
题目类别文学
单位或学校中南林业科技大学外国语学院
完成时间2012年3月
AnalysisofTessoftheD’Urbervilles
intheLightofcharacteristic
by
SuXiaojuan
(010310100116)
March2012
CentralSouthUniversityof
ForestryandTechnology
Acknowledgements
TheaccomplishmentofmydissertationowesgreatlytoalltheprofessorswhohavetaughtmeinthethreeyearsatCentralSouthUniversityofForestryandTechnology.IwouldliketotakethischancetoexpressmysinceregratitudetomysupervisorLuGuoqiuforherpatienceandguidanceforthisthesis.Shehasprovidedmewithinstructiveguidanceandconstructivesuggestions.
Iamalsogratefultomanyofmygoodfriendsandclassmatesfortheircommentsandsupport.
Itisjustbecauseofthecontributionsofthesepeople,whethermentionedornot,thatthesisisabletobecompleted.Toeveryoneofthem,Igivemymostsincerethanks.
Contents
Abstract...............................................................................................
摘要.…………………………………………………………………..
Introduction………………………………………………………….
Chapter1TheWritingBackgroundand
SummaryoftheNovel………………………………………………..
1.1TheWritingBackground……………………………………………
1.2SummaryoftheNovel………………………………………………
Chapter2Characteristicsofheroandtheheroine…………..........
2.1Puregirl…………………………………………………………….
2.2Evil“Satan”…………………………………………………………
2.3“Angelic”Angel……………………………………………………..
Conclusion...............................................................................................
Bibliography……………………………………………………………
Abstract
ThomasHardy’snovelTessoftheD’UrbervillesisagreatclassicworkinEnglandaswellasintheworld.Thisnoveldescribesatragiclifeaboutonebeautifulandpuregirlafterdisgrace.Thearticledescribesthesocietyenvironment,andthenbeginstoanalysisofcharacters’personalityandreligionfactorsopenoutatthattime.Tess’stragiclifeiscausedbythatsocietyandit’stheresultofthattime.Exceptthis,itcan’tbeseparatedfromherownweaknessincharacter,andpeoplearoundher.Goodandevilofhumannaturethroughoutthenovel,suchaskindTess,viciousAlecd’Urberville,weakAngel.ThoughTessisverybravetofightwiththeevil,sheishelpless.Intheend,sheturnedouttobethesacrificialvictimofsocietylikeallotherthingswhichdieoftheforcesofevil.ThethesiswillsanalysisTessoftheD’Urbervillesinthelightofcharacteristicofmaincharactersinthenovel.
Keywords:
pure,Goodandevil,brave
摘要
托马斯.哈代的小说《德伯家的苔丝》是英国以及世界文学史上的经典之作。
该小说主要讲述了一个美丽纯真的少女失身后悲惨的命运。
文章通过对小说中社会环境的描写,再从人物性格和当时的宗教原因着手,由此揭露出苔丝悲惨的命运是那个社会所造成的,是一个时代思想,传统,秩序的局限所造成的结果。
除此之外,还与她自身和周围人的性格特点有关。
人性的善与恶贯穿于整篇小说,像善良的苔丝,邪恶的亚历克,软弱的安琪儿。
尽管苔丝勇敢地和邪恶做斗争,但她还是很无助。
最终还是会像所有一切抵不过邪恶势力的事物一样,被沦为社会的牺牲品。
文章将从人性论的角度分析造成德伯家苔丝悲剧的原因。
关键词:
纯洁,善与恶,软弱,勇敢
Introduction
Literatureisnotonlyanartbutalsoamirrorofhumannature.Whenstudyingaliteraturework,scholarsactuallystudycharacterofhumannature..Nowadaysanincreasingnumberofscholarshavebegantostudyatreatiseofhumannaturefromtheperspectiveofliteraturebecausethroughdifferentkindsofliteraryworks,wecanseeallsortsoffeelingssuchasjoy,anger,sorrow.Thefeatureofliteratureisvarious,oneofwhichistragedy.Inthetragedy,itisinevitablethattheheroesorheroinesshouldsufferasetbackordisadvantage,madethemselvesindishonor,experiencehardness.Withabadending,tragedyoftencontainsacertainphilosophyoflifeandmakeweseeweaknessofhumannature.
“TessoftheD’Urbervilles“isoneoftheHardy’stragedies,amasterpiecewhichbroughthimintoanumberofliterarycriticsnotice.Itreflectedthewriter’srealsocietysystemandmorals.Sostudyingthisnovelcanhelpustoknowaboutthesystemandconceptofthattime.Therearemanydifferentapproachesfromvariouswaystoanalysisthenovel.Thisessaymainlystudiescharacterofhumannature.
Firstofall,itwillsanalysischaracteristicsofTess.Tessisapure,unsophisticated,self-respectingupright,diligent,cleverandbeautifulgirl.Butsheisdrivenintoacornerbysocialprejudicesandfinallykillsherlover,Alec.WhyTesssuffersthistragedy?
Then,itwillexpoundkindsofcharacteristicsofpeoplewhoareinvolvedwithTess.First,TessUnfortunatelymeetsAlecwhoisatypicaldandywhoislasciviousandungrateful.ItisthebeginningtosufferpainforTess.Second,ayoungman-AngelwhoishandsomeandnobleattractsTess.Theyarefallinlovewitheachother.But,Angelisweakandisanegocentric.HedoesnotprotectTessforhisclassinterests.AngelisalsoamurderertokillTess.
ManycriticsthoughtTess’stragedyiscausedbysocial.Wecanbypassthisaspecttotalk.Eveninanothersocialagrouppeoplelikethis,Tess’tragedystilltakeplace.Therefore,analysisingTessoftheD’Urbervilleswithcharacteristicofheroandtheheroineisfromaninnovativeperspective,whichcouldhelpuspreferablyunderstandhumannature.
Chapter1TheWritingBackgroundandSummaryoftheNovel
1.1TheWritingBackground
ThomasHardywasthelastimportantnovelistoftheVictoriaages,whichwasanageofgreatchangeandmanydifficultieswhenEnglandwasmakingitsslowandpainfultransitionfromanold-fashioned,agriculturalnationtoamodern,industrialone.Businessmenandentrepreneurs,or“newmoney”,joinedtheranksofthesocialelite,assomefamiliesoftheancientaristocracy,or“oldmoney”,fatedintoobscurity.Inmanyrespects,Hardywastrappedinthemiddlegroundbetweenthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies,betweenVictoriansensibilitiesandmoremodernones,andbetweentraditionandinnovation.Victoriannovelswerefullofsensibilitiesandweretendedtobeidealizedportraitsofdifficultlivesinwhichhardwork,perseverance,loveandluckwinoutintheend;virtuewouldberewardedandsinnersaresuitablypunished.Theytendedtobeofanimprovingnaturewithacentralmorallessonatheart.WhilethisformulawasthebasisformuchofearlierVictorianfiction,thesituationbecamemorecomplexasthecenturyprogressed.Itwasalsoanageofrealismratherthanofromanticism.Realismtriestotellthewholetruthshowingmoralandphysicaldiseasesastheyare.Victorianliterature,ingeneral,truthfullyrepresentedtherealityandspiritofthisagewhichwasthegreatageoftheEnglishnovel—realistic,thicklyplotted,crowdedwithcharacters,andlongarticle.Hardy,whoalsoshownthetruthofthisagewithahighplaceinWesternliteraturewhichcamefromtheturbulenceoflifeanddeterministicofhumanbeing.HistragediesinthehistoryofWesternliteraturewerenotanaccidentforthetragedyconsciousness.ThetragedyconsciousnessinHardy’snovelsoriginatedfromWesterntraditionaltragicspiritwhichwasfullofrationalismandprofoundreflectiononthecontradictionsofhumansociety.Anditalsorevealedanineluctableandinevitableconditionalityoffate.Thatistosay,theheroesorheroineswouldleadtothetragicroadoflifeintheendinWesternliteraturenomatterwhethertheylikedornot.Tragedymostlywastheirfinalarrangement.
ThomasHardy’snovelsaredeeplyinfluencedbyGreektragediesandShakespeare’stragedies.AndhewasdeeplyinfluencedbySchopenhauer’stragedyconsciousness.Schopenhauerwasafamousphilosopherwhobelievedthatlifewasatragedyandlifewasfilledwithdesire.Schopenhauerdividedtragedyintothreetypes:
thetragedycausedbythosewhocommittedheinouscrimes,thetragedyledbytheironyoffateandthetragedycausedbymisunderstandinganddistrustbetweenpersonsineverydaylife.HebelievedthatthelasttragedywasmostterribleonewhichwecanseeinHardy’sworks.Hardybegantocreatingthenovelsintheearly1870s.Inthelate1890s,heturnedtowritepoetry.TheBritaininthisperiodwasundergoingatransitionperiodfromlaisser–fairecapitalismtoimperialism.Thecapitalismthoughtthatthesocialsystemofthisperiodcouldnotbechanged.ButHardy’sworksexactlyclashedwithit,whichreflectedthetremendouschangesofsocietybecauseoftheinvasionofindustrialcapitaltothevillage.HehadexposedthemaskofBritishsocietywhichcanreflectinthenovelTessoftheD’Urbervilles.
1.2SummaryoftheNovel
TessoftheD’UrbervillesisoneofthebestandmostpopularworksbyHardy.Ittellsalovetragedybetweenthreepeople.ThepoorpeddlerJohnD’Urbeyfieldisstunnedtolearnthatheisthedescendentofanancientnoblefamily,theD’Urbervilles.Mr.D’UrbervillesandhiswifedecidetosendTesstotheD’Urbervillesmansion,wheretheyhopeMrs.D’Urbervillesson,AlecD’Urberville’sestate.Tesshasnochoicebuttoaccept,becauseshehopestoimproveherfamilypoorsituationbyherhardwork.
TessresistsAlec’sattemptstoseduceherwhensheisworking.Tessisverypure,soAlecseducedherinthewoodsonenightafterfair.TessknowsshedoesnotloveAlec,andthenhastoreturnhomeindisgrace.TessgivebirthtoAlec’schild,whomnamedSorrow.Sorrowdiessoonafterheisborn,andTessismiserabletospendayearathome.Shefinallydecidetoseekajob.ShefindsajobasamilkmaidattheTalbothaysDairy.
AtTalbothays,TessmeetsAngelClare,sonofaclergyman,andslowlyfallinlovewitheachother.Tessstruggledagainandagain,finallydecidetomarryhim.TessenjoysaperiodofcontentmentandhappinessatTalbothays.However,ontheirweddingnightTessandAngeltelleachabouttheirpast.TessforgivesAngel,butAngelcannotforgiveTess.HegivehersomemoneyandleavesherforBrail,whereheoncet
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