外国人的汽车画法.docx
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外国人的汽车画法.docx
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外国人的汽车画法
外国人的汽车画法
DrawingEllipses
Anatomyofanellipse:
Whenweviewacircleatanangleweseeanellipse.Werefertothisviewingangleasthedegreeoftheellipse.Aperfectcircleisviewedat90degreesandatangleslessthanthatweseevariousdegreeellipsesonthewaydowntoazerodegreeellipse(astraightline).Understandingthemechanicsofdrawingellipsesisnotdifficult,masteringthedrawingofellipsesis.Anellipsehastwoaxesweneedtoknowabout,theminoraxisandthemajoraxis.Theminoraxisdividestheellipseintotwoequalhalvesacrossitsnarrowdimension.Themajoraxisdividestheellipseacrossitslongdimensionintotwoequalhalves.Theminorandmajoraxescrosseachotherata90degreeangle.Seedrawinge-1.
Ifwelookatthedrawingine-2wecanseethatIhavedrawnasquarearoundourellipse.AfterIdrawthesquareIdrawan“X”acrossittofinditscenterinperspective.Whenyouobservetheminorandmajoraxesoftheellipseweseethattheminoraxisgoesthroughthecenterofthesquarewhilethemajoraxisdoesnot.Wealsoobservethattheellipsetouchestangentexactlyinthemiddleofeachsideofthesquare,exactlywherewewouldexpectitto.Thisisabitofamindbender.Wehavetakenasymmetricalshape,theellipse,anddroppeditintoperspective.Thisalwaysworksifyoudoyourdrawingwithintheallowablelimitsofdistortion.Regardlessofwhetheryourellipseisrollingonthegroundorrestingonit,asweseeindrawinge-3,theconstructionresultremainsthesame.Learningfromthisobservationandnowknowingwheretheminorandmajoraxesofourellipseshouldbeisthesinglegreatesthelpindrawingellipsesproperly.Sincetheellipseminoraxisalwaysgoesthroughthecenterofoursquarethisissomethingwecanusetohelpusdrawit.Converselythemajoraxisreferencesnothingthatcanhelpusinlocatingitinourperspectivesquare.ThisiswhyIdonotrecommendusingthemajoraxiswhendrawingellipses.
Practicedrawingellipseswithoutworryingaboutlocatingtheminperspective.Hereareafewexamplesofmyrustyarmtryingtodrawsomeellipsesforthistutorialthismorning.Drawvarioussizesanddifferingdegrees.Afteryoudrawtheellipseidentifyitsminoraxisbydrawingalineacrossitsnarrowdimensionthatdivideseachsideequally.
findithelpfulifyouimaginethatyouaregoingtofoldyourellipsealongthisline.Youwantittofoldalongthislineandlandexactlybackonitself.Ifyourminoraxisisincorrectwecanseewhathappensindrawinge-4.
Afteryouarefeelinggoodabouthowyourellipsesarelookingandyouareconfidentyoucanlocatetheminoraxisofeachproperlyyouarereadytostarttryingtolocateyourellipseswithinperspectiveconstructions.Startwithsomethingsimplelikedrawingastraightlinethatrepresentstheminoraxisofyourellipseandthentryanddrawellipsesofvarioussizesanddegreesonthatline.Thisisalittleharderthandrawingtheellipsefirstandthendrawingtheminoraxis.Afteryounailthatexercisetrydrawingtwoconvergingstraightlinesanddrawingellipsesthattouchtangenttoeachline.Thisisharderstill.Oneofthemostdifficultexercisesistodrawapageofcubesandthendrawanellipseoneachfacethattouchestangenttothesideofeachsquareasweobservedindrawingse-2ande-3.Drawingconcentricellipsesarealsogoodpractice.
Youcanuseellipseguidestostraightenupyourellipsesbutdonottrytosketchwiththem.Ihaveyettoseethisdoneefficiently.Youaremuchbetterofftodoallofyourperspectivelayoutworkfreehandandthenbreakoutthesweepsandellipseguidestotightenthingsupifyouneedto.Onceyouhavepracticedenoughyouwillfindthatyoucandoverycompetentdrawingsentirelyfreehand.Thereisagreatsenseofsatisfactionthatcomesfromachievingnicelinequalityandproperperspectiveinafreehandsketch.
Howtocheckifyourellipseiscorrectlydrawn.
Itisimportanttounderstandthemechanicsofellipsessoyoucanmakeadjustmentstothemafteryouhavedrawnthem.Basicallythereareonlytwothingsthatmakeanellipseeitherproperlydrawninperspectiveornot.
Minoraxisandyourvanishingpoints.
Thefirstthingtocheckiswhetheryourminoraxisiscorrect.Inthecaseofputtingwheelsoncarstheminoraxisisalwayscommontotheaxleofthewheel.Mostofthetimethisaxleisalsoperpendiculartothecenterlineofyourcar.Soitfollowsthattheminoraxesofyourellipses(wheels)arealsoperpendiculartothiscenterline.Therearecasessuchaswhenthefrontwheelsareturnedorthewheelshavebeensetupwithextremecamberthattheyarenolongerperpendiculartothecenterlineofyourvehicle.Anothereasyexampleforustovisualizeisthattheminoraxisofapropelleronanairplaneisparalleltothecenterlineofthefuselageandthereforetheygotothesamevanishingpoint.Rememberwhenperspectivedrawingthat“allparallellinesgotothesamevanishingpoint”.
Degreeofyourellipse.
Assumingtheminoraxisofyourellipseiscorrectandyourellipsestilllookswrongitcanbeonlyonething,thedegree.Beforetryingtoadjustthedegreeofanellipsetheminoraxismustbecorrect.Noamountofadjustmenttothedegreecanmakeupforanincorrectminoraxis.Checkingthedegreeisasimpleperspectiveconstruction.
Step1:
Drawaboxaroundandtangentoneachsidetoyourellipse.Besuretofollowyourperspectiveguidelineswhendoingthis.
Step2:
Observewhereyourdrawnellipsecontactstheboxyouhavedrawnaroundit.Ifyourellipsedoesnottouchinthemiddleofeachsideoftheboxthenthedegreeiswrong.Adjustthedegreeofyourellipsebymakingitwiderornarroweruntilyoucandrawaboxarounditthattouchesexactlyinthemiddleofeachside.Whenyouhavedonethisyouwillhaveaproperlydrawnellipseatthecorrectdegree.
HereareafewmoresketchesIquicklyputperspectiveguidelinesontopoftohelpyouseetheminoraxesoftheellipseswithinthedrawings.
Congratulationsyouarenowmasteroftheellipse!
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