届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十八22页word版.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十八22页word版.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十八22页word版
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十八
[一]
Humansandmanyothermammalshaveunusuallyefficientinternaltemperatureregulatingsystemsthatautomaticallymaintainstablecorebodytemperatures(核心体温)incoldwintersandwarmsummers.Inaddition,peoplehavedevelopedculturalpatternsandtechnologiesthathelpthemadjusttoextremesoftemperatureandhumidity(湿度).
Inverycoldclimates,thereisaconstantdangerofdevelopinghypothermia(低体温),whichisalifethreateningdropincorebodytemperaturetobelownormallevels.Thenormaltemperatureforhumansisabout37.0℃.However,differencesinpersonsandeventhetimeofdaycancauseittobeasmuchas6℃higherorlowerinhealthyindividuals.Itisalsonormalforcorebodytemperaturetobelowerinelderlypeople.Hypothermiabeginstooccurwhenthecorebodytemperaturedropsto34.4℃.Below29.4℃,thebodycoolsmorerapidlybecauseitsnaturaltemperatureregulatingsystemusuallyfails.Therapiddeclineincorebodytemperatureislikelytoresultindeath.However,therehavebeenrarecasesinwhichpeoplehavebeensavedaftertheirtemperatureshaddroppedto13.9-15.6℃.Thishappenedin1999toaSwedishwomanwhowastrappedunderanicesheetinfreezingwaterfor80minutes.Shewasfoundunconscious,notbreathing,andherhearthadstoppedbeating,yetshewaseventuallysaveddespitethefactthathertemperaturehaddroppedto13.7℃.
Inextremelyhotclimatesorasaresultofuncontrollableinfections,corebodytemperaturescanrisetoequallydangerouslevels.Thisishypothermia.Lifethreateninghypothermiatypicallystartsinhumanswhentheirtemperaturesriseto40.6-41.7℃.Onlyafewdaysatthisextraordinarilyhightemperaturelevelislikelytoresultintheworseningofinternalorgansanddeath.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇说明文。
主要介绍了人类及其他哺乳动物具有非同寻常的有效的内部体温调节系统,可以在寒冷的冬天或炎热的夏天自动维持稳定的核心体温。
1.Whycanhumanskeepstablebodytemperaturesindifferentseasons?
A.Becausetheirbodiesareunusuallyefficient.
B.Becausetheyexperiencedifferentclimates.
C.Becausetheycanadjusttoculturalpatternsandtechnologies.
D.Becausetheyhaveinternaltemperatureregulatingsystems.
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
根据第一段第一句可知,在不同季节,人类能够保持稳定的核心体温,是因为他们具有有效的内部体温调节系统。
故选D。
2.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlydiscuss?
A.Thedangerouseffectsofhypothermia.
B.Thechangeofbodytemperature.
C.ThesurvivaloftheSwedishwoman.
D.Theregulatingsystemsofnaturaltemperature.
解析:
选A 段落大意题。
根据第二段内容及第二段第一句可知,关键句为该段主题句,概括了该段大意;由此可知,第二段主要讲述低体温会造成的危害。
故选A。
3.Peopleareunlikelytosurviveunderthebodytemperature________.
A.higherthan34.4℃
B.lowerthan29.4℃
C.between40.6~41.7℃
D.between34.4~37℃
解析:
选B 推理判断题。
根据第二段第六句“Below29.4℃...usuallyfails.”可推知,低于29.4℃时,人体不能保持核心体温,因此无法生存。
故选B。
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Survivinginanicetrap
B.Gettingtoknowhypothermia
C.Adaptingtoclimateextremes
D.Changingcorebodytemperature
解析:
选C 标题归纳题。
根据第一段中的“helpthemadjusttoextremesoftemperatureandhumidity(湿度)”以及文章整体内容可知,本文主要讲述人类通过内部核心体温以及发展文化模式和技术来适应气候的变化。
故选C。
[二]
“FoodinFranceisstillprimarilyaboutpleasure,”saysMarkSinger,technicaldirectorofcuisineatLeCordonBleuinParis.“Cookingandeatingarebothpastimes(消遣)andpleasure.”TheFrenchmightstarttheirdaywithbread,butter,jam,andperhapssomethinghottodrink—it’satimeofthedaywhenthewholefamilycanbeunited.Singer,borninPhiladelphia,haslivedinFranceformorethan40years.
“Althoughthingshavechangedgreatlyinthepast20yearswhenitcomestofoodinthecountry,”hesays,“andwhatwasabigaffairwitheatinghasbeenslowlysoftenedup,therearestilleventsintheyear,likebirthdaysandNewYear’sEveandChristmasEvethatarestillreallyanchoredintraditionalfoodandcooking.Butit’snoteveryday.”
SomepeoplethinkFrenchfoodlifemaybeaperformance,_addsJenniferBerg,directorofgraduatefoodstudiesatNewYorkUniversity.“TheywanttobelievethatFranceisthisnationwherepeoplearespendingfivehoursadaygoingto12differentmarketstogettheirfood.Therealityismostcroissants(羊角面包)arefactorymade,andmostpeoplearebuyingconveniencefood,exceptfortheverysmallgroupofpeopleinhighsociety.Butpartofouridentityreliesonbelievingthatmyth.”
InItaly,asinFrance,takeoutisstillrelativelyrare.“Eatingfastisnotatallpartofourculture,”saysMarcoBolasco,editorialdirectorofSlowFoodandanItalianfoodexpert.Ourmealsarerelaxed,evenduringalunchbreak.FoodinItalyislove,andnutrition,andpleasure,hesays.AnItalianchild’sfirstexperiencewithfoodisnotsmallroundcakesorriceoreggs,butprobablyicecream,notesBolasco.Statusandwealthplaylessofaroleinfood.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇说明文。
作者通过专家的话语来说明法国人和意大利人对于食物是一种享受生活的态度。
5.HowhavethingsaboutFrenchfoodchanged?
A.Peopleprefertocookathome.
B.Morepeoplechoosetoeatout.
C.Traditionalfoodislessfrequentlycooked.
D.Peopleeatfasterthanbefore.
解析:
选C 推理判断题。
根据第二段的内容可知,法国传统美食受到冲击,人们只是偶尔在重大节日中才去享用传统美食,并不是每一天,故选择C。
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“performance”inParagraph3referto?
A.Abother. B.Aplay.
C.Ahobby.D.Aroutine.
解析:
选A 词义猜测题。
由后文中的“peoplearespendingfivehoursadaygoingto12differentmarketstogettheirfood”可知,此处应是指部分人认为法国传统烹饪比较繁琐。
故此处performance指“麻烦”。
故选A。
7.WhyisItalianfoodcomparedwithFrenchfoodinthelastparagraph?
A.ToshowtheadvantagesofItalianfood.
B.Toprovethedifferencesbetweenthem.
C.ToreflectthecustomsofItalianfood.
D.Toindicatethecommonpointsofthetwo.
解析:
选D 推理判断题。
由本段中的“InItaly,asinFrance”,再结合第一段中的“FoodinFranceisstillprimarilyaboutpleasure”和最后一段中的“FoodinItalyislove,andnutrition,andpleasure”可知,作者比较这两种食物的目的是找出二者的共同点,阐明主旨,故选D。
8.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Foodasidentity.B.Foodaspleasure.
C.Foodassurvival.D.Foodasstatus.
解析:
选B 文章大意题。
由文中的“FoodinFranceisstillprimarilyaboutpleasure”,“Cookingandeatingarebothpastimes(消遣)andpleasure”以及“FoodinItalyislove,andnutrition,andpleasure”可知答案。
[三]
Rainandcoldweatherthissummersawhoneyyieldsfromhivesfallbyalmostthreequarters,theBritishBeekeepersAssociation(BBKA)saidtoday.Theaveragecropperhivewasdown72%comparedto2011,withjust3.6kg(8lb)ofhoneyproducedcomparedtoanannualaverage,theannualhoneysurveybytheBBKArevealed.
Thesurveyof2,712beekeepersinEngland,NorthernIrelandandWalesfoundthat88%saidthissummer'sbadweathercausedthefallinhoneyyields.Thecold,wetconditionsforcedtheBBKAtoissueamidsummerwarningtofeedcoloniesifnecessarytoavoidstarvation.ButinLondon,whichrecordedtheworstresultswithjust2.5kg(5.6lb)ofhoneyharvestedonaverage,beekeepingexpertssaidthatinadditiontothebadweathertherewasalackoffoodforbeesinthecity.
AngelaWoods,secretaryoftheLondonBeekeepersAssociation,said:
"Ratherthanputtingbeehivesonofficeroofs,weencouragecompaniesinLondonwhowanttohelptolookatdifferentwaysofsupportingbeesandbeekeepers.Weneedmoreforage(草料)forthebeesandbetter-educatedbeekeepers."
Elsewhere,theweatherwasthemainproblem.PeterHutton,abeekeeperinTunbridgeWells,Kent,said:
"IthasbeenthemostdifficultyearIhaveknowninmy53yearsofbeekeeping.Badweatherinspringpreventedhoneybeesinmanyareasfromcollectingnectar(花蜜)fromearly-floweringcropssuchasoilseedrape,andtheraincontinuedinmanyplacesthroughoutJuneandJuly,preventinghoneybeesfromforaging(搜寻)onlatercrops."
TheBBKAwarnedthataswellasreducingthehoneyharvest,thebadweatherislikelytohavealonger-termimpactasitwillhaveaffectedthenormalprocessofbreedingforthequeens,whichmateonthewingonfinestillsummerdays.Asaresulttheymayhavematedpoorlyandbeunabletoproducesufficientnewbabiestoseecoloniesthroughthewinter.
1.Accordingtothepassage,theaveragecropperhivein2011mightbe .
A.
3.6kg
B.
7.2kg
C.
10kg
D.
13kg
2.Theunderlinedword"colonies"inParagraph4means .
A.
thehoneybees
B.
thepoorbeekeepers
C.
thebeekeepingexperts
D.
thebeehives
3.WhichmeasureisAngelaWoodsagainst?
A.
EncouragingLondoncompaniestotakepart.
B.
Needingmoreforageforthebees.
C.
Puttingbeehivesonofficeroofs.
D.
Needingbetter-educatedbeekeepers.
4.Whatcausedthelackofforage?
A.
Badweatherinbothautumnandwinter.
B.
Badweatherinbothwinterandspring.
C.
Badweatherinbothspringandsummer.
D.
Badweatherinbothsummerandautumn.
5.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?
A.
Thebadweatheronlyhasshort-termimpactonbees.
B.
Thebadweatherjustaffectshoneyharvest.
C.
Thebadweatherhaseffectsonbees'lifeinwinter.
D.
Thebadweatherhaseffectsonbees'breeding.
参考答案:
1.D2.A3.C4.C5.D
[四]
TigersinNepalseemtobetakingnightshiftsinordertoavoidtheirhumanneighbors,astudyhasshown.Thebigcatsgenerallymovearoundatalltimesofthedayandnight,tomonitorterritory,mateandhunt.ButthestudyoftigersinChitwanNationalPark—wherehumansandtigerswalkthesamepaths—showedanightshiftinactivity.Theresultschallengethetraditionalwisdom.
It'straditionallythoughtthattigersneedlotsofpeople-freespace.Thiscanleadtopeopleremovingtomakewayfortigers.Tigersneedresources,peopleneedthesameresources.Ifweoperateunderthetraditionalwisdomthattigersonlycansurvivewithspacedevotedonlyforthem,therewouldalwaysbeconflict.Ifyourpriorityispeople,tigersloseout.Ifyourprior
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