考研英语真题和答案详解.docx
- 文档编号:29865625
- 上传时间:2023-07-27
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:22
- 大小:37.20KB
考研英语真题和答案详解.docx
《考研英语真题和答案详解.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《考研英语真题和答案详解.docx(22页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
考研英语真题和答案详解
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一二)试题及答案解析
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA],B],C]orD]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.
__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.
Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown,____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.
1.A]amongB]exceptC]despiteD]like
2.A]reflectB]demandC]indicateD]produce
3.A]stabilizingB]boostingC]impairingD]determining
4.A]transmitB]sustainC]evaluateD]observe
5.A]measurableB]manageableC]affordableD]renewable
6.A]InturnB]InfactC]InadditionD]Inbrief
7.A]oppositeB]impossibleC]averageD]expected
8.A]hardensB]weakensC]tightensD]relaxes
9.A]aggravateB]generateC]moderateD]enhance
10.A]physicalB]mentalC]subconsciousD]internal
11.A]ExceptforB]AccordingtoC]DuetoD]Asfor
12.A]withB]onC]inD]at
13.A]unlessB]untilC]ifD]because
14.A]exhaustsB]followsC]precedesD]suppresses
15.A]intoB]fromC]towardsD]beyond
16.A]fetchB]biteC]pickD]hold
17.A]disappointedB]excitedC]joyfulD]indifferent
18.A]adaptedB]cateredC]turnedD]reacted
19.A]suggestingB]requiringC]mentioningD]supposing
20.A]EventuallyB]ConsequentlyC]SimilarlyD]Conversely
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA],B],C]orD].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!
Atlast!
”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:
AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas
A]incurredcriticism.
B]raisedsuspicion.
C]receivedacclaim.
D]arousedcuriosity.
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
A]influential.
B]modest.
C]respectable.
D]talented.
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.
B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.
C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.
D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.
C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.
D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels
A]doubtful.
B]enthusiastic.
C]confident.
D]puzzled.
Text2
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.
McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:
”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”
Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”
26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing
A]arrogant.
B]frank.
C]self-centered.
D]impulsive.
27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby
A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.
B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.
C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.
D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.
28.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans
A]approvedof.
B]attendedto.
C]huntedfor.
D]guardedagainst.
29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.
B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.
C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.
D]it’ssafertosticktothe
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 考研 英语 答案 详解