高考英语阅读理解的综合复习.docx
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高考英语阅读理解的综合复习.docx
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高考英语阅读理解的综合复习
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It'sverylikelythatyou'llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization'sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.
Let'sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.
Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeople'swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g."Ivolunteerbecauseit'simportanttome")toanexternalfactor(e.g."IvolunteerbecauseI'mrequiredtodoso").Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.
Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?
Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento"trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience".
Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview"volunteer"asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas"VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam."Consistentwiththeresearchers'expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation(正相关)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:
"Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity....ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity".
(1)Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof__________.
A. academicrequirements
B. socialexpectations
C. financialrewards
D. internalneeds
(2)WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?
A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.
B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.
C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.
D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.
(3)Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?
A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.
B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.
C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.
D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteer
B.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviors
C.HowtoKeepVolunteers'Interest
D.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了怎样让人们去做志愿者的一些方法。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“…peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.”可知,人们做志愿工作主要是出于表达无私的个人价值观、拓展自身的经验、加强社会关系等内在需求。
故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento‘trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience.'”可知,这一研究告诉人们要注意让志愿者为棘手情况作准备,要给他们提供应对问题的策略,即让志愿者有精神准备去应对棘手情况和问题等。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.”可知,激励志愿者不断参与志愿者工作的是作为一名志愿者的角色认同。
故选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段“Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It'sverylikelythatyou'llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization'sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.”可知,文章是为想找志愿者的组织领导者提供意见,并从两个方面展开,说明想让人们去做志愿者首先要了解人们做志愿者的动机,还要知道人们是依靠什么维持对志愿工作的兴趣。
由此可知,本文通篇围绕着如何让人们去做志愿者这一话题。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息。
同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Peoplewhosleepfewerthansixhoursanightaremorelikelytodieearly,researchersinUniversityofWarwickhavefoundinarecentstudy.Theydiscoveredthatpeoplewhosleptforlessthansixhourseachnightwere12%morelikelytodiebeforetheageof65thanthosewhoslepttherecommendedsixtoeighthoursanight.
Theresearcherspointedoutthatpreviousstudieshadshownthatthelackofsleepwasassociatedwithproblemslikeheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.However,theresearchersalsofoundthatsleepingtoomuchwaslinkedtoanearlydeath.Thosewhosleptformorethanninehoursanightwere30%morelikelytodieearly,asanarticleinthelatestSleepsuggested.Thatdirectlycontradictsanotherpassageinthesamejournallastmonthsuggestingthatpeoplewhosleptfortenhoursorlongeranightweremorelikelytoliveto100.Thiswasthoughttobebecausepeoplewholivedintoextremeoldagewerehealthierandthereforesleptbetter.
However,theauthorsofthelatestresearchcontradictedthisandsuggestedthatlongsleepwasasignofunderlyingillnessessuchasdepressionandlowlevelsofphysicalactivity.ProfessorFrancescoCappuccioattheUniversityofWarwicksaid:
"Whileshortsleepmayrepresentacauseofill-health,longsleepisbelievedtorepresentmoreanindicatorofill-health."
Healsomentioned:
"Modernsocietyhasseenagradualreductionintheaverageamountofsleeppeopletake,andthispatternismorecommonamongfull-timeworkers,suggestingthatitmaybeduetosocialpressuresforlongerworkinghours.Ontheotherhand,theworseningofourhealthisoftenaccompaniedbyanextensionofoursleepingtime."
"Consistentlysleepingsixtoeighthourspernightmaybegoodforhealth.However,whethertoachievethegoaldependsonvariousfactorssuchastheenvironmentaswellasmeasuresofpublichealthaimedatfavourablechangesoftheworkingenvironments,"ProfessorFrancescoCappuccioadded.
(1)WhatdidresearchersinUniversityofWarwickfind?
A. Peoplewhosleepfewerthan6hourseachnightdiebefore65.
B. Sleepingformorethan9hoursanightdoesgoodtoone'shealth.
C. Sixtoeighthours'sleepcanbeappropriateforpeople.
D. Peopleatanoldagearehealthierbecausetheysleeplonger.
(2)WhatisProfessorFrancescoCappucciomostlikelytoagreewith?
A. Longsleepiswhatcausesourhealthproblems.
B. Modernpeoplesleeplessbecausetheyworklonger.
C. Ourhealthbecomesworsebecausewesleepless.
D. Howlongwesleepdependsonoureducation.
(3)Whatdidtheresearcherthinkmayhelppeoplehavepropersleep?
A. Socialpressure. B. Longerworkinghours.
C. Extensionofsleepingtime.
D. Changesofworkingenvironments.
(4)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?
A. HowLongShouldWeSleep B. LongerSleepMakesBetterHealth
C. TimetoSleepEarly
D. TheImportanceofSleep
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)D
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,研究发现,每晚睡眠不足6小时的人死亡风险更大。
每晚睡6至8小时最合适。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的"Theydiscoveredthatpeoplewhosleptforlessthansixhourseachnightwere12%morelikelytodiebeforetheageof65thanthosewhoslepttherecommendedsixtoeighthoursanight."可知,研究者们发现,每晚睡眠不足6小时的人在65岁之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小时的人高出12%。
由此可知,每晚睡足6至8小时是比较合适的。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的"Modernsocietyhasseenagradualreductionintheaverageamountofsleeppeopletake,andthispatternismorecommonamongfull-timeworkers,suggestingthatitmaybeduetosocialpressuresforlongerworkinghours"可知,ProfessorFrancescoCappuccio认为:
现代社会中,人们的平均睡眠时间逐渐减少,这种模式在全职工作者中更为常见,这可能是由于长时间工作的社会压力造成的。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的"Consistentlysleepingsixtoeighthourspernightmaybegoodforhealth.However,whethertoachievethegoaldependsonvariousfactorssuchastheenvironmentaswellasmeasuresofpublichealthaimedatfavourablechangesoftheworkingenvironments"可知,能否实现每晚睡足6至8小时这个目标取决于环境的改变以及针对工作环境变化的公共卫生措施等多种因素。
由此可知,工作环境的改变是帮助人们获得适当睡眠的方法之一。
故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
第一段点明研究结果:
每晚睡眠不足6小时的人在65岁之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小时的人高出12%。
下文针对这一研究结果,分析了导致这种结果的原因,解决方法等。
故第一段是中心段,其余各段都以此为中心展开。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
WhenHarmonyOs,theChineseself-developedoperatingsystemforHuaweimobiledevices,wasreleasedonAug9,itquicklybecameahottopiconsocialmedia.Manybelieveitnotonlyrepresentstheriseofthecountryasatechpower,butalsoshowsrespecttoclassicalChineseculturebynamingthesystem"Hongmcng"inChinese.
"Hongmeng"isaclassicalwordfromZhuangzi.Intheancientt
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