动词的时态和语态.docx
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动词的时态和语态.docx
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动词的时态和语态
动词的时态和语态(新课标)
【高考考点导航】
在具体语境中考查时态和语态,而且题干中有效信息越来越隐藏,加大试题难度是高考时态命题的趋势,考点如下:
1考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一
般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时、过去将来时等常见时态。
应特别注意现在完成进行时和将来进行时是2011年考纲新增时态。
2考查时态和语态相结合
3考查主动形式表示被动意义
【典型例题探究】
1.Uptonow,theprogram________thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.(2010山东30)
A.wouldsaveB.savesC.hadsavedD.hassaved
【解析】选D。
句意为:
截止到现在,这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。
句中的uptonow是现在完成时态的一个典型标志,此句要用现在完成时,由此排除其他选择项,正确答案为D项。
wouldsave过去将来时;saves一般现在时;hadsaved过去完成时,均不符合句意要求。
【知识拓展】时态考查题中的标志词或短语在解题中的作用:
在很多时态类考查题目中,找到解题的题眼就掌握了解题的金钥匙,所谓“题眼”即指一些与特定时态连用的一些表示时间的副词及介词短语。
(1)与一般过去时常用的短语:
yesterday,lastyear,threeyearsago,in1980等,这些结构常常提示大家,这些句子中的谓语动作发生在过去,而与现在没有关
系,如:
He lost a pen yesterday. (单纯的过去动作, 现在是否找到不知道)。
(2)某些副词或介词短语提示则说明其所在的句子要用现在完成时,如since,eversince,sofar,uptonow,recently,lately,inthepastfewdays等,如:
EversincethefirstspaceflightmadebyApollo11tothemoon,thehumanbeingshavemanymorespaceexplorationsinthepast4decades.
2.—Why,Jack,youlooksotired!
—Well,I_____thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.(2010江苏23)
A.waspaintingB.willbepaintingC.havepaintedD.havebeenpainting
【解析】选D。
句意:
——咦,杰克,你看起来这么累!
——哦,我一直在粉刷房子,我必须明天完成
这项工作。
根据语境可知“粉刷房子”这个动作一直进行到现在,并且还要继续进行下去。
所以应用现在完成进行时,选择D项。
3.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyofthewomenwho____eveningdress(2010全国II9).
A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn
【解析】选B。
此题考查定语从句中的时态与主谓一致,所以要注意定语从句中的主语即关系代词who指代的是谁。
此处who指代的是theonly而不是thewomen,故谓语要用单数形式。
当遇到定语从句修饰的部分有the(only)oneof+复数名词时,定语从句修饰的是the(only)one。
这样首先排除A、D两项;又根据语境可知此处指Barbara目前穿着一件晚礼服,没有强调动作的完成,故又排除C项。
句意:
很容易认出芭芭拉,因为她是穿着晚礼服的唯一的女士。
4.Motherwantedtobeagoodprovider,aroleshe______sincehermarriagetoFather.(2010江西30)
A.shouldersB.shoulderedC.isshoulderingD.hasbeenshouldering
【解析】选D。
句意:
母亲想成为一个好的养家者,一个自从和父亲结婚以来一直扮演的角色,根据句中的时间状语since……可知应用现在完成时,故选D项。
5.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceitonthemarketin1973.(2010重庆24)
A.hadcomeB.hascomeC.cameD.comes
【解析】选C。
句意:
自从这本书在1973年在市场销售以来,已被翻译成30种语言了。
题干中的since自从……以来,引导时间状语从句,主句常用现在完成时,since引导的状语从句的谓语动词常用一般过去时,所以选C项。
【知识拓展】since的用法
1)since介词,副词或连词自…以来,自…以后;由它引导的时间状语代表一个时间段,主句用现在完成时.
HehaslivedinBeijingsinceliberation.自从解放以来他一直住在北京
ShehasbeenteachingEinglishsinceshegraduated.她毕业后一直在教英语.
TheywenttoShanghaitwoyearsagoandwehavenotseenthemsince.
两年前,他们去了上海,自此我们再也没见过.
2)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句(从句用过去时).
Itwas/hadbeen+一段时间+since从句(从句用过去完成时).
Itwasthreeyearssincehehadservedinthearmy.他入伍3年了.
Itistwentyyearssincehejoinedtheparty.他入党20年了
3)since既然因为.引出原因状语从句.
Sinceyouhavesignedanagreement,youcan’toutofitnow.
既然签了协议,你现在就不能反悔.
【真题在线】
1.ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune_________(2010全国32)
A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade
2.Joseph______toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan’tsay“What’syourname?
”inRussian.(2010辽宁24)
A.hasbeengoingB.wentC.goesD.hasgone
3.
.I_______allthecookingformyfamily,butrecentlyI’vebeentoobusytodoit.(2010辽宁
30)
A.willdoB.doC.amdoingD.haddone
4.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseIalotlately.(2010陕西21)
A.havebeencoughingB.hadcoughedC.coughedD.cough
5..Everyfewyears,thecoalworkerstheirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.(2010上海28)
A.arehavingB.haveC.havehadD.hadhad
6.Thechurchtowerwhichwillbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.(2010上海31)
A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestoredC.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored
7..—Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?
—Notuntilweourplan.(2010四川16)
A.willfinishB.arefinishingC.aretofinishD.havefinished
8.—Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?
—No,I____thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.(2010安徽28)
A.wasreadingB.hadreadC.amreadingD.haveread
9—I'venotfinishedwithmydinneryet.
—Butourfriendsforus.(2010北京24)
A.willwaitB.waitC.havewaitedD.arewaiting
10—I'msorry,butIdon'tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwanttoreturnonSeptember20?
(2010北京26)
—Sorry,Imyselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.
A.hadn'tmadeB.wouldn'tmakeC.don'tmakeD.haven'tmade
11.Thiscoastalareaanationalwildlifereservelastyear.(2010湖南24)
A.wasnamed B.named C.isnamed D.names
12.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeoneit.Wasityou?
(2010湖南27)
A.hasdone B.haddone C.woulddo D.willdo
13.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeopleallkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.(2010湖南31)
A.sell B.wereselling C.hadsold D.havesold
14.Hersisterlefthomein1998,and_______since.(2009全国Ⅰ26)
A.hadnotbeenheardofB.hasnotbeenheardof
C.hadnotheardofD.hasnotheardof
15.Edward,youplaysowell.ButI_______youplayedthepiano.(2009全国Ⅰ29)
A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknownC.don’tknowD.haven’tknown
16.Progress__________sofarverygoodandwearesurethattheworkwillbefinishedontime.(2009全国Ⅱ8)
A.wasB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.willbe
17.Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniverse____intobeing.(2009北京23)
A.cameB.wascomingC.hadcomeD.wouldcome
18.Thewaytheguests_______inthehotelinfluencedthei
revaluationoftheservice.(2009北京27)
A.treatedB.weretreatedC.wouldtreatD.wouldbetreated
19.WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe_____up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.(2009北京30)
A.werehangingB.hadhungC
.hungD.wouldhang
20.Iwasoutoftownatthetime,soIdon’tknowexactlyhowit________.(2009山东34)
A.washappeningB.happenedC.happensD.hashappened
21.Whenhe_______thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.(2009湖南23)
A.wouldopenB.openedC.hadopenedD.wastoopen
22.Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?
Theweatherreport________andIwanttolisten.(2009湖南27)
A.isbroadcastB.isbeingbroadcastC.hasbeenbroadcastD.hadbeenbroadcast
23.—Thefoodhereisniceenough.
—Myfriend_______mearightplace.(2009湖南35)
A.introducesB.introducedC.hadintroducedD.wasintroducing
24.Overthepastdecades,seaice________intheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.(2009浙江9)
A.haddecreasedB.decreasedC.hasbeendecreasingD.isdecreasing
25.—Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?
—It’sfantastic.TheonlypityisthatI____thebeginningofit.(2009浙江20)
A.missedB.hadmissedC.missD.wouldmiss
26.Excuseme,Marcia,areporterfromVanityFair______allday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?
(2009辽宁24)
A.phonesB.hasphonedC.hasbeenphoningD.phoned
27.MyparentshavepromisedtocometoseemebeforeI_______forAfrica.(2009辽宁31)
A.haveleftB.leaveC.leftD.willleave
28.ThepopulationofJiangsu________tomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.(2009江苏21)
A.hasgrownB.havegrownC.grewD.aregrowing
29.—Annisinhospital.
—Oh,really?
I______know.I__________goandvisither.(2009江苏22)
A.didn’t;amgoingtoB.don’t;wouldC.don’t;willD.didn’t;will
30.(2009·江苏·T25)—Hi,Torry,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?
—Sorry.__________.
A.It’srepairedB.Ithasbeenrepaired
C.It’sbeingrepairedD.Ithadbeenrepaired
31.(2009·陕西·T9)Thisisthefirsttimewe_______afilminthecinematogetherasafamily.
A.seeB.hadseenC.sawD.haveseen
32.(2009·江西·T29)—Whatisthepriceofpetrolthesedays?
—Oh,it________sharplysincelastmonth.
A.israisedB.hasrisen
C.hasarisenD.isincreased
33.(2009·江西·T31)—Doyouwantalifthome?
—It’sverykindofyou,butIhavetoworklateintheoffice.Ioversleptthismorningbecausemyalarmclock______.
A.doesn’tgooffB.won’tgooff
C.wasn’tgoingoffD.didn’tgooff
34.(2009·安徽·T23)Daniel’sfamily________theirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.
A.areenjoyingB.aretoenjoy
C.willenjoyD.willbeenjoying
35.(2009·重庆·T23)Shestaredatthepainting,wonderingwhereshe______it.
A.sawB.hasseenC.seesD.hadseen
36.(2009·重庆·T28)—I’vegottogonow.
—Mustyou?
I_______youcouldstayfordinnerwithus.
A.thinkB.thought
C.havethoughtD.amthinking
37.(2009·重庆·T30)ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture_________tothewell-educated.
A.belongsB.isbelonged
C.isbelongingD.willbebelonged
38.(2009·福建·T22)—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?
—Becauselargequantitiesofwater_________.
A.havepollutedB.isbeingpolluted
C.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted
39.(2009·福建·T31)Accordingtotheliteraryreview,Shakespeare______hischaracterslivethroughtheirlanguageinhisplays.
A.willmakeB.hadmade
C.wasmakingD.makes
40.(2009·四川·T15)
—Whydon’twechoosethatroadtosavetime?
—Thebridgetoit_________.
A.hasrepairedB.isrepaired
C.isbeingrepairedD.willberepaired
41.(2009·四川·T18)—YouspeakverygoodFrench!
—Thanks.I_____FrenchinSichuanUniversityforfouryears.
A.studiedB.study
C.wasstudyingD.hadstudied
42.(2009·上海·T29)Marywenttotheboxofficeatlunchtime,butallthetickets_______out.
A.wouldsellB.hadsold
C.havesoldD.wasselling
43.(2009·上海·T36)Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people_________nottotouchanyunattendedbag.
A.hadalwaysbeenwarned
B.werealwaysbeingwarned
C.arealwayswarning
D.alwayswarned
答案解析
1.【解析】选C。
根据句中的谓语动词led可知此句叙述的事情与过去有关,故首先排除A。
makeafortune表示“发财”,由此可知从句中的主语afortune与make之间应是被动关系,故选C项。
was/weretobedone属于过去将来被动的一种形式。
2【解析】选A。
句意:
约瑟夫自从上个月就一直去夜校,可是他仍然不能用俄语说“你叫什么名字?
从句意可知所表示的动作是从过
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