热点05 疫苗的作用及其研发等解析版备战中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练.docx
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热点05 疫苗的作用及其研发等解析版备战中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练.docx
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热点05疫苗的作用及其研发等解析版备战中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练
备战2021年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练
热点05疫苗的作用及其研发等
一、阅读理解
1
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtocreateandtestvaccines(疫苗)tohelpprotectpeopleagainstthenovelcoronavirus(新冠病毒).Theyaremakingprogress,butitwillbequiteawhilebeforeanyvaccinesareready.
Therearemanydifferentwaystomakevaccines.Atleast115differentvaccinesforthenovelcoronavirusarebeingdevelopedaroundtheworldrightnow.Manyofthemmaynotworkormayhavesideeffectsthatcanbedangerous.Thatiswhytestingisveryimportant.
Beforeavaccineisevertestedonhumans,it'sfirsttestedonanimalstomakesureitseemssafe.Testingthevaccineonhumansisdoneinseveraldifferentphases(阶段).InPhase1,asmallgroupofpeoplearegivensmallamountsofthevaccinetoseeifithasanybadeffects.Phase2stillteststhevaccine’ssafety,butit'smainlyatesttoseeifthevaccineseemstowork,IfPhase2goeswell,thevaccinecanbeginPhase3.DuringPhase3,thevaccineistriedonamuchlargergroupofpeopletoseehowwellitworks.
Becauseoftheseriousandworldwideimpact(影响)ofthenovelcoronavirus,thereishugepressuretodevelopaworkingvaccinequickly.Itnormallytakessevenormoreyearstodevelopasafevaccinethatworkswell.Nowdrugcompaniesarehopingtocreateworkingvaccinesin12or18months.
Buthealthexpertsalsowarnthatrushingtoomuchcouldbedangerous.Avaccinewithharmfuleffectscouldcausemoreproblemsthanitsolves.
1.Accordingtothepassage,thescientistswhoaremakingvaccinesare____________.
A.hard-workingandcarefulB.patientandeasy-goingC.kindandcuriousD.caringandbrave
2.Howlongdoesittaketocreateworkingvaccinesintheusualway?
A.Lessthansixyears.B.Morethantenyears.
C.Twelvetoeighteenmonths.D.Aboutsevenyears.
3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Thereareonlythreephasesintestingvaccines.
B.Workingvaccinesmustbecreatedinashorttime.
C.Vaccineshavealreadybeendeveloped.
D.Rushingtooquicklyincreatingvaccinesmaybringmoreproblems.
4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.RushforaVaccineB.FightagainsttheDisease
C.ProtectPeopleagainsttheVirusD.CreateWorkingVaccines
【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了全世界的科学家都在加速进行针对新冠病毒的疫苗的研发工作,虽然已经取得一些进展,但离疫苗的正常使用还有很长时间。
文章还介绍了开发一种安全疫苗所需要的时间,测试过程的重要性以及生产疫苗所需的费用等。
1.推理判断题。
根据“Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtocreateandtestvaccines…Beforeavaccineisevertestedonhumans,it'sfirsttestedonanimalstomakesureitseemssafe”可知,科学家们都在竞相研制抵御新冠病毒的疫苗,并且在疫苗研发期间作大量的测试以确保对人类的身体无害,因此研发疫苗的科学家是勤奋并且仔细的。
故选A。
2.细节理解题。
根据第四段“Itnormallytakessevenormoreyearstodevelopasafevaccinethatworkswell”可知,开发出一种安全有效的疫苗通常需要大约七年时间。
故选D。
3.细节理解题。
A选项:
疫苗测试只有三个阶段。
根据“Testingthevaccineonhumansisdoneinseveraldifferentphases”可知,疫苗测试分为几个阶段,文章中并没有明确指出只有三个阶段,故选项错误;B选项:
必须在短时间内制造出有效的疫苗。
根据“Nowdrugcompaniesarehopingtocreateworkingvaccinesin12or18months”及全文可知,制药公司只是希望尽快研制疫苗,但是疫苗研制过快会带来很多问题,所以并不是必须尽快将疫苗研制出来,故选项错误;C选项:
疫苗已经研制出来了。
根据“Theyaremakingprogress,butitwillbequiteawhilebeforeanyvaccinesareready”可知,疫苗还未研制成功,故选项错误;D选项:
仓促生产疫苗可能会带来更多问题。
根据“Buthealthexpertsalsowarnthatrushingtoomuchcouldbedangerous…causemoreproblemsthanitsolves”可知,仓促生产疫苗可能会带来更多问题,故选项正确。
故选D。
4.最佳标题题。
根据全文内容可知,本文主要讲述了科学家们都在加速研发抵御新冠病毒的疫苗,介绍了研发疫苗的过程、时间及快速研发疫苗可能产生的危害等,故“研发有效的疫苗”可作为本文标题。
故选A。
2
Itisacoldanddrywintermorning.Whenyouwakeup,youfeelthatyourthroathurts.Youbegintosneezeandlateryoumaycough.Youmusthaveacold!
Waitamoment.Coulditjustbeacommoncoldortheflu(流感)that’sbeengoingaround?
Acoldgivesyouarunnynoseandcough.Butit’susuallyeasytodealwith.Sometakemedicinewhileothersdrinkherbalteaorchickensoup.Usuallyyoufeelbetterafteraweek.
Ontheotherhand,theflucanbemuchmoredangerous.Itusuallygivesyoufever.Sometimesitcancausedeath.AccordingtoanAmericanmagazine,theworstflukilledabout50millionpeoplefrom1918to1919.
Don’tworry.Ifyougetafluvaccine(疫苗),itcanstopyoufromgettingthevirus.Fluvaccinesworkbygivingthebodyasmallnumberoffluviruses.Thiscausesyourbodytodevelopantibodies(抗体).Sonexttimeyougettheflu,theantibodiesshouldhelpyou.
Thefluviruschangeseveryfewyears.Therefore,therearesomanytypesofflu,suchasHINIandH5Nl.Theantibodiesforonetypeofflucan’thelpusagainstalltypesofflu.That’swhyweneedtogetthevaccineeveryyear.
However,goodhealthhabitsmayalsohelpstopyoudevelopingacoldorflu.Washingyourhandsoftenhelpsstopyoufromgettingviruses.Itisalsoimportanttogetregularexerciseandeathealthyfood.Allthesecanhelpyoustrengthenyourimmunesystem(增强免疫系统).
5.Ifyouhaveacommoncold,usuallyyou’llfeelbetterafter.
A.aweekB.twoweeks
C.tendaysD.twentydays
6.Accordingtothepassage,whichisTrueoftheflu?
A.Itfirsthappenedinl919.
B.Itusuallydoesn’tgiveyoufever.
C.Itiseasytodealwith.
D.Itcankillpeoplesometimes.
7.Weneedtogetafluvaccineeveryyearbecause.
A.weprobablyhaveacoldinwinter
B.thefluviruschangeseveryfewyears
C.thefluisverydangerous
D.youdon’tneedtotakeanymedicineafterthat
8.ThefollowingwayscanhelpstopthefluEXCEPT.
A.stayingindoors
B.gettingregularexercise
C.eatinghealthyfood
D.washingourhandsoften
【答案】5.A6.D7.B8.A
【解析】短文大意:
这篇短文主要讲述了流感的危害以及预防流感的方法。
5.A细节理解题。
根据Usuallyyoufeelbetterafteraweek.描述可知通常一周后你就会好转,选A。
6.D细节理解题。
根据Sometimesitcancausedeath.描述,可知流感有时能致死。
选D。
7.B细节理解题。
根据短文倒数第二段描述,可知流感病毒每几年就变异一次,选B。
8.A细节理解题。
根据短文最后一段描述,可知呆在家里有助于预防流感,选A。
考点:
考查健康保健类短文阅读
3
SincetheoutbreakofthenovelcoronavirusbeganinWuhaninDec2019,Chinahasmobilized(调动)thepowerofthewholecountry.Now,epidemic(疫情)controlandpreventioneffortsarestartingtotakeeffect.
AccordingtoakeymeetingheldonFeb21,thespreadoftheepidemicisbeingcontained.OnFeb24,mainlandareasoutsideofHubeireportedninenewinfections(感染),thefirstsingle—digit(个位数)increaseinweeks,accordingtotheNationalHealthCommission.
Vaccine(疫苗)developmentisalsoprogressing.Somevaccineshavebeentestedonanimals,accordingtotheMinistryofScienceandTechnology.“Ifvaccinedevelopmentiscomparedtobuildingahouse,wehavelaidthefoundation(地基)andthebuildingisstartingtoemerge(出现)fromtheground,”ZengYixin,deputydirectoroftheNationalHealthCommission,saidtoChinaDaily.
However,theturningpointoftheepidemicisyettocome.Aftermillionsofpeoplereturntoworkinmajorcities,thenumberofnewinfectionsshouldbekeptlowfortwoweeks.ThisisexpectedtobeaturningpointinChina,accordingtotheShanghaiInstitutesforInternationalStudies.ButthesituationinHubeiisstillserious.
ThesituationoutsideofChinaisconcerning.Asof4pmonFeb27,thetotalnumberofconfirmed(确诊)infectionsinSouthKoreahadrisento1,766,Xinhuareported.Italyhadreported470confirmedcasesasofFeb26,aswellas12deaths.Singapore,JapanandIranhavealsofoundcases.
“Thewindowofopportunity(thebesttimetocontaintheoutbreak)maybeclosing,”saidWHODirector—GeneralTedrosAdhanomGhebreyesus.Hecalledontheinternationalcommunitytoactquicklytocontroltheepidemicbeforethewindowclosescompletely.
9.HowmanynewinfectionswerereportedinmainlandareasoutsideofHubeionFeb24?
A.0B.9C.12D.470
10.Whatisthelatestnewsaboutvaccinedevelopment,accordingtothepassage?
A.Aspecialhospitalisbeingbuilttodevelopvaccines.
B.Someofthevaccineshavestartedtotakeeffect.
C.Scientistsstillneedtofigureouthowvaccineswork.
D.Scientistshavestartedtotestsomevaccinesonanimals.
11.Theunderlinedphrases“yettocome”inthe4thparagraphmeans________.
A.已经到来B.即将到来C.尚未到来D.不会到来
12.Thelasttwoparagraphstellusthat________..
A.Africancountriesarenotaffectedbytheepidemic
B.wehavemissedthebesttimetocontroltheepidemic
C.thevirusappearstobemoredangerousoutsideofChina
D.immediateactionisneededgloballytocontroltheepidemic
13.Whatcanweinferfromthestory?
A.Chinaisnolongerthecenteroftheepidemic.
B.TheturningpointinHubeiwillcomeintwoweeks.
C.Itisstillnottimeforustolowerourguard.
D.Newhospitalswillbebuiltinothercountries.
【答案】9.B10.D11.C12.D13.C
【解析】文章大意:
短文主要向我们介绍了新型冠状病毒在中国和世界各地的爆发情况和中国的疫苗研制以及呼吁国际社会快速采取行动,来控制疫情。
9.细节理解题。
根据文中OnFeb24,mainlandareasoutsideofHubeireportedninenewinfections(感染),thefirstsingle—digit(个位数)increaseinweeks,accordingtotheNationalHealthCommission.可知,在二月二十四日,湖北以外的大陆地区报告了九例新的感染,故答案为B。
10.细节理解题。
根据文中Somevaccineshavebeentestedonanimals,accordingtotheMinistryofScienceandTechnology.可知,一些疫苗已经在动物身上试验,故答案为D。
11.词义猜测题。
根据下句ThisisexpectedtobeaturningpointinChina,accordingtotheShanghaiInstitutesforInternationalStudies.ButthesituationinHubeiisstillserious.这将是中国的转折点,但是湖北的情况还很严重可猜测出,空处的词应是“尚未到来”,故答案为C。
12.主旨大意题。
根据文中Hecalledontheinternationalcommunitytoactquicklytocontroltheepidemicbeforethewindowclosescompletely.可知,是呼吁国际社会在机会之窗(控制疫情的最佳时机)关闭之前快速采取行动,来控制疫情,故答案为D。
13.推理判断题。
根据文中最后一句Hecalledontheinternationalcommunitytoactquicklytocontroltheepidemicbeforethewindowclosescompletely.他呼吁国际社会在机会之窗(控制疫情的最佳时机)关闭之前快速采取行动,来控制疫情推断出,疫情还在肆虐,现在还不是我们放松警惕的时候,故答案为C。
3
_________
ThreeCOVID-19vaccines(疫苗)haveenteredphaseIIclinicaltrials(临床试验)inBeijing,saidahealthofficialonSunday.
XuQiang,headoftheBeijingMunicipalScienceandTechnologyCommission,saidthatBeijinghasarra
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