The Pragmatic.docx
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The Pragmatic.docx
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ThePragmatic
ThePragmatic Study on GreetingsinEnglishandChinese fromInterculturalPerspective
Abstract
Greetingpeopleuseoneofthemostfrequentformsofverbalcommunicationincommunication,inanynationverbalcommunicationplaysaveryimportantrole,butalsoreflectsthevariousethnicgroupsofdifferentcultureandcommunicationhabits,improperusegreetingswillcommunicatecommunicationobstaclebetweenthetwosides.Sincethereformandopeningup,China'srapideconomicdevelopment,comprehensivenationalstrengthgrowing,theworldmoreandmorepeoplebegintolearnChinese.InChinalearnersinterculturalcommunicationprocess,duetodifferencesinChinesegreetingandculturalcomplexitycausedgreetingvarietyofpragmaticfailureininterculturalcommunicationisrelatedtothefirstcallandgreetingritual,whichissmoothinterculturalcommunicationcausedagreatimpact.Therefore,inordertoimprovecross-culturalcommunicativecompetenceoflearnersofgreetingPragmaticFailureandforeignersunderstandhowresearchandproficiencyintheuseofthegreetingspeechissueisveryurgent.
Keywords:
greeting,culturaldifferences,interculturalcommunication
摘要
问候语是人们在交际中使用最频繁的言语交际形式之一,在任何一个民族的言语交际中都扮演着十分重要的角色,也反映出各个民族不同的文化内涵和交际习惯,不恰当的使用问候语会对交际双方的交流沟通造成障碍。
改革开放以来,中国的经济飞速发展,综合国力日益增强,世界上越来越多的人开始学习汉语。
而在来华汉语学习者跨文化交际的过程中,因汉语问候语的复杂性和文化的差异造成了各种各样的问候语语用失误,而在跨文化交流中最先涉及到的就是称呼和问候的礼仪,这对跨文化交际的顺利进行造成了很大的影响。
因此,为了提高汉语学习者的跨文化交际能力,对问候语语用失误及外国人如何了解并熟练运用问候语这一言语问题的研究显得十分迫切。
关键词:
问候语,文化差异,跨文化交际
TableofContents
Abstracti
摘要ii
ⅠIntroduction1
1.1ResearchBackground1
1.2ResearchObject2
1.3ResearchSignificance2
ⅡLiteratureReview3
2.1InterculturalPragmatics3
2.2GreetingsClassification5
2.2.1AccordingtotheStyleofGreetingtoPoints5
2.2.2InaccordanceWiththePeriodofuseoftheGreetingtoPoints6
2.2.3InAccordanceWiththeContentoftheGreetingtoPoints6
2.3StudiedonGreetingsatHomeandAbroad8
2.3.1AtHome8
2.3.2Abroad9
ⅢRelatedTheories10
3.1Leech'sPolitenessPrinciple10
3.2BrownandBlevins'sFaceTheory11
3.3ChineseSocialPolitenessNormsCuCueState12
InConclusion13
References15
ⅠIntroduction
1.1ResearchBackground
Politenessandiscalledbythepeopleintheexchangespleasantriesandgreetings,thankandapologize,praiseandrespondtoverbalcommunication,etc.,toestablishandconsolidaterelationshipsandmaintaincontactsandexchangerunningsmoothly.Incross-culturalexchanges,thecontactsandexchangesbetweenpeopleindifferentsocialsystems,differentlanguagesystemandculturalconnotationsofstate.PolitenessandcourtesyexpressionsInthiscaseuseshouldbethree-dimensionalstaggeredthatthespeechshouldbeinbothfamiliarwiththeirownnationalidentityandprinciples,butalsoproficientinsocialbackground,languagesystemandculturalconnotationofthehearer,ortheexchangeiseasytoproducepragmaticsmistakes."Denigration"andistherichestChineseculturalconnotationofpoliteness.WhenIhearsomeonepraisedtheChinesenationisoftenself-deprecatingaboutit,toshowmodestandpolite.EthnicHanChinesewithEnglishthecontrary,whentheypraised,alwayssay"Thankyou."Willinglyaccepted,soastoavoidhurtingeachbother'sfaceandtomaximizeboththesame.Asthevalueofnationalculturaldifferences,ethnicHanpeoplethinkEnglishoverconfidence,lackofmodesty;andwhentheEnglishnationtohearChinesepeoplecategoricallydenyotherstheirpraiseorhearthemdenytheirachievements,andevenhisownresignedamoneyworthmoresurprisedwhen,andHanChineseareaccustomedtothinktoobluntrudeorinsincere.CourtesycallrelatestothecharacteristicsoftheChineselanguageandculture,butthekeyistherelationshipbetweenthetitleandpolitemanner.AddressaparticularwayintheChineselanguageandcultureareconsideredwarmanddecent,butthewordsinEnglishcultureisactuallyimpertinent;onthecontrary,anotherwaytocallinChineselanguageandculturemaybecurt,butthewordcultureinEnglishinturnverycordialandsincere.Forexample,weused"Mike","Chang"cordial,casual,andtheEnglishnationdisrespectfulyoungandold,allcalleachothernames(suchasstudentsofprofessorsbytheirfirstnames)cordialpersonalityorequalityinHannationalitywillbeconsideredascurt,intolerable.
1.2ResearchObject
CourtesyrelationswithprivacyintheEnglishlanguageandcultureisdifferent."Privacy"indifferentculturesdifferentdefinitions,valuesarealsodifferent.English-speakingpeoplesoftheprivacyimplicationsofthewordwiderunderstanding.Asaresult,Chineseculturesconsideredpolitewordsanddeeds(asothersexpressedconcernandpassion),ethniccultureinEnglishbutitwillbeconsideredaviolationofpeople'sprivacy.Forexample,twoChinesepeoplethefirstmeetingwillbewarmandaskeachbother'sage,maritalstatus,children,occupationorincome,buttheseareunderstoodEnglishnationasinterferingwiththeir"privacy."
Courtesyindividualautonomywithculturalvalueisalsorelevant."Personalautonomy"greatvalueintheeyesoftheEnglishnation,withitshistoryandculturerelatedtotheEnglishnation.Theso-called"individualautonomy",referringtofreedom,individualrightsandindependenceofaction.Englishnationbelievesinsocialinteraction,respectforindividualautonomyisconsideredpolitewordsanddeeds.HannationalitybecauseofthelongfeudalhistoryisdifficulttounderstandWesterncultureaboutthevalueofindividualautonomy.Thus,theEnglish-speakingpeoplesconsidereddetrimentaltofacethenegativespeechacts,Hannationalitydoesnotagree.Forexample,theChinesenationisnotto"providesomegoods","providingaservice"or"somekindofinvitationissued"andregardedastheinterventionofindividualfreedomofspeechbehavior,butdonotthinkthiswillgiveeachotherfaceconstitutesthreats.ThesespeechactsintheeyesoftheChinesenationisapersonofgoodfaithandcare,theyeventhinkthat,ifnecessary,havetoforcethemtoaccept,inordertoreflecttheirsincerity.Therefore,tocontinuetoaddfoodtoentertainguestsexpressedenthusiasm;forcingthemtoacceptgiftsgifttoexpressoursincereandso,inChineseculturesisgoodmanners,butintheEnglishnationalculturewasseenasaviolationofpersonalautonomybehavior.
1.3ResearchSignificance
Fromthebeginningofthe1980s,alongwithemployment,settlement,business,studyabroadmoreandmorepeople,ChinesepeoplelivingintheUKisalsoincreasing.MeanwhileBritishlifeinChinaisalsoincreasing.Inrecentyears,theChino-Britishexchanges(political,economic,cultural)hasbecomeincreasinglyactive,moreintimaterelationshipbetweenthetwocountries.Currently,theBritishandtheexchangeofChinesepeopleisaverycommonphenomenon.National,historicalandculturalaspectsoftheUnitedKingdomandChinaarealsocloselyrelatedtoChineseculturalcircle.However,onthespecificpracticestomaintainrelationships,BritainandChinahavetheirowncharacteristics.Forlackofadequateunderstandingofthesecharacteristics,theneasilyleadtocommunicationbetweentheBritishandtheChinesepeople'smisunderstanding.FamousBritishlinguistthanMr.JibZhengzhouwritings.Whilegreetingthehumanitselfisaverycommonthing,butthespecificcontentsofeachnationandsociety,byagap.......Greetingsfrompsychological,social,andculturalaspectsofcomparativestudy,thecontributionofunderstandingthenatureofhumanandsociety.Inrecentyears,BritainandChinaongreetingcomparativestudy,moreandmoreChinesepeopletoexplorethevaluesoftheBritishpeopleandgreeting,youcanalsolearnaboutthecharacteristicsoftheirrelationships.ThisstudyisfocusedontheBritishandtheChinesepeople'smouthoftengreetinginEnglishgreetingcomparethedifferences,butcombedbothfeatures.HopethathelpslearnerstomasterChinesecommunicationskills,andprovidehelpforthefutureofChineseteaching.
ⅡLiteratureReview
2.1InterculturalPragmatics
Theso-calledanachronisticstudyreferstospantwoormoretimepointstostudythelanguageofdynamicdevelopment,primarilyLongitudinalStudyofChinesegreetingistoinvestigatetheoriginofgreetingancienttimes,changesanddevelopments."Yeargreetingoccurwhentherearewrittenrecordsofancientandearlylanguagetableform'withoutit'."DuoPan(2003),"ABriefGreetings",thegreetingoftheoccurrencehasbeendescribed,demonstration,andthestageofdevelopmentofthegreetingmadeinspection.JOURNALOFGUANGXI(1996),"ChinesegreetingCulturalExplanations"onChinaindifferenthistoricalperiodsproduceddifferentgreetings,andthesegreetingswiththesociallifeofthecontactwereanalyzed,indicatingthegreetinginChinesefromtheancient"itisalmostno","almostokay"toask"diet",thentoask,"greeting",arethenViagrarib,peoplesurvivenaturalconditionsandsocialenvironmentisreflectedinthelanguage,butalsothelanguageofliferefraction.YuanLei(2001),"changesofmoderngreetingspsychologicalperspectivebased"analyzestheimpactofsocialchangeandpeople'sideasandsocialvaluesChangesonChinesegreeting,theseareaswillleadtochangesgreetingtitle,content,tone,thesefouraspectsstylechanged.
Theso-calledstaticsynchronicstudyreferstothestudyoflanguagedevelopmentduringacertaintimepointlevel.SynchronicstudyChinesegreetingismainlytransversestudythedefinitionofgreeting,characteristics,types,reflectingthesocialrelations.Throughouttheacademicstudyofthedefinitionofgreetinghasnotbeenaclearstatement.Atpre
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