经典解读TheGreatGatsby.docx
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经典解读TheGreatGatsby.docx
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经典解读TheGreatGatsby
THEGREATGATSBYF.ScottFitzgerald
KeyFacts
FULLTITLE · TheGreatGatsby
AUTHOR · F.ScottFitzgerald
TYPEOFWORK · Novel
GENRE · Modernistnovel,JazzAgenovel,novelofmanners
TIMEANDPLACEWRITTEN · 1923–1924,AmericaandFrance
DATEOFFIRSTPUBLICATION · 1925
NARRATOR · NickCarraway;Carrawaynotonlynarratesthestorybutimpliesthatheisthebook’sauthor
POINTOFVIEW · NickCarrawaynarratesinbothfirstandthirdperson,presentingonlywhathehimselfobserves.Nickalternatessectionswherehepresentseventsobjectively,astheyappearedtohimatthetime,withsectionswherehegiveshisowninterpretationsofthestory’smeaningandofthemotivationsoftheothercharacters.
TONE · Nick’sattitudestowardGatsbyandGatsby’sstoryareambivalentandcontradictory.AttimesheseemstodisapproveofGatsby’sexcessesandbreachesofmannersandethics,buthealsoromanticizesandadmiresGatsby,describingtheeventsofthenovelinanostalgicandelegiactone.
TENSE · Past
SETTING(TIME) · Summer1922
SETTINGS(PLACE) · LongIslandandNewYorkCity
PROTAGONIST · Gatsbyand/orNick
MAJORCONFLICT · Gatsbyhasamassedavastfortuneinordertowintheaffectionsoftheupper-classDaisyBuchanan,buthismysteriouspaststandsinthewayofhisbeingacceptedbyher.
RISINGACTION · Gatsby’slavishparties,Gatsby’sarrangementofameetingwithDaisyatNick’s
CLIMAX · Therearetwopossibleclimaxes:
Gatsby’sreunionwithDaisyinChapters5–6;theconfrontationbetweenGatsbyandTominthePlazaHotelinChapter7.
FALLINGACTION · Daisy’srejectionofGatsby,Myrtle’sdeath,Gatsby’smurder
THEMES · ThedeclineoftheAmericandream,thespiritofthe1920s,thedifferencebetweensocialclasses,theroleofsymbolsinthehumanconceptionofmeaning,theroleofthepastindreamsofthefuture
MOTIFS · Theconnectionbetweeneventsandweather,theconnectionbetweengeographicallocationandsocialvalues,imagesoftime,extravagantparties,thequestforwealth
SYMBOLS · ThegreenlightonDaisy’sdock,theeyesofDoctorT.J.Eckleburg,thevalleyofashes,Gatsby’sparties,EastEgg,WestEgg
FORESHADOWING · ThecarwreckafterGatsby’spartyinChapter3,OwlEyes’scommentsaboutthetheatricalityofGatsby’slife,themysterioustelephonecallsGatsbyreceivesfromChicagoandPhiladelphia
1.AnalysisofMajorCharacters
JayGatsby
ThetitlecharacterofTheGreatGatsbyisayoungman,aroundthirtyyearsold,whorosefromanimpoverishedchildhoodinruralNorthDakotatobecomefabulouslywealthy.However,heachievedthisloftygoalbyparticipatinginorganizedcrime,includingdistributingillegalalcoholandtradinginstolensecurities.Fromhisearlyyouth,Gatsbydespisedpovertyandlongedforwealthandsophistication—hedroppedoutofSt.Olaf’sCollegeafteronlytwoweeksbecausehecouldnotbearthejanitorialjobwithwhichhewaspayinghistuition.ThoughGatsbyhasalwayswantedtoberich,hismainmotivationinacquiringhisfortunewashisloveforDaisyBuchanan,whomhemetasayoungmilitaryofficerinLouisvillebeforeleavingtofightinWorldWarIin1917.GatsbyimmediatelyfellinlovewithDaisy’sauraofluxury,grace,andcharm,andliedtoherabouthisownbackgroundinordertoconvinceherthathewasgoodenoughforher.Daisypromisedtowaitforhimwhenheleftforthewar,butmarriedTomBuchananin1919,whileGatsbywasstudyingatOxfordafterthewarinanattempttogainaneducation.Fromthatmomenton,GatsbydedicatedhimselftowinningDaisyback,andhisacquisitionofmillionsofdollars,hispurchaseofagaudymansiononWestEgg,andhislavishweeklypartiesareallmerelymeanstothatend.
Fitzgeralddelaystheintroductionofmostofthisinformationuntilfairlylateinthenovel.Gatsby’sreputationprecedeshim—GatsbyhimselfdoesnotappearinaspeakingroleuntilChapter3.FitzgeraldinitiallypresentsGatsbyasthealoof,enigmatichostoftheunbelievablyopulentpartiesthrowneveryweekathismansion.Heappearssurroundedbyspectacularluxury,courtedbypowerfulmenandbeautifulwomen.HeisthesubjectofawhirlwindofgossipthroughoutNewYorkandisalreadyakindoflegendarycelebritybeforeheiseverintroducedtothereader.FitzgeraldpropelsthenovelforwardthroughtheearlychaptersbyshroudingGatsby’sbackgroundandthesourceofhiswealthinmystery(thereaderlearnsaboutGatsby’schildhoodinChapter6andreceivesdefinitiveproofofhiscriminaldealingsinChapter7).Asaresult,thereader’sfirst,distantimpressionsofGatsbystrikequiteadifferentnotefromthatofthelovesick,naiveyoungmanwhoemergesduringthelaterpartofthenovel.
FitzgeraldusesthistechniqueofdelayedcharacterrevelationtoemphasizethetheatricalqualityofGatsby’sapproachtolife,whichisan
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