中学生科普英语趣味阅读低年级阅读材料doc.docx
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中学生科普英语趣味阅读低年级阅读材料doc.docx
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中学生科普英语趣味阅读低年级阅读材料doc
II.LifeScience生命科学
AnimalKingdom
早在人类出现之前,史前动物已经在地球上繁衍发展。
地球上的动物以从低等到高等、从简单到复杂的趋势不断进化并繁衍至今。
科学家根据动物的各种特征将动物分为两大类和七个等级。
至今科学家已经鉴别出46900多种脊椎动物,130多万种无脊椎动物。
下面让我们一起去探索奇妙的动物世界吧!
Rearingoflioncubs
狮子是唯一雌雄两态和群居的猫科动物,生活于开阔的草原疏林地区或半荒漠地带。
·Warm-up
HaveyoueverseenthemovieTheLionKing?
Doyouknowhowlionsliveinthewildin
reality?
·Bigquestiontothinkaboutwhileyouread
Howdoestherearingoflioncubsgoaccordingtothetext?
ContentVocabulary
1.rearingn.theprocessofhelpingsomeonegrowuptobeanacceptedmemberofthecommunity抚养
2.littern.agroupofanimalsborntothesamemotheratthesametime一窝(动物的幼崽)
3.cheetahn.awildanimalthatlookslikealargecatwithblackspotsonitsbody猎豹
4.leopardn.alargefelinelivinginAfricanandAsianforests,usuallyhavingatawnycoatwithblackspots豹
5.hyenan.awildanimallikeadogandeatsthemeatofanimalsthatarealreadydead鬣狗
6.mortalityn.thenumberofdeathsinaparticularplace死亡
Theprideishighlystructuredwhenitcomestorearingthecubs.Malesareextremelyprotectiveoftheirmateswhiletheyarebreeding.Attheendoftheapproximately105-daygestationperiod,thelionessleavesthepridetogotoasheltered,isolatedareatogivebirthtoitslitteroftwotofivecubs.Cubsarebornblind.Theyweigh1.5to2kilograms,andtheyhaveasoft,woollygrayish-yellow-browncoat.Thelionessrarelyleaveshercubs.Whenshedoes,eithertohuntordrink,sheriskslosingthemtopredators,suchascheetahs,leopards,jackals,orhyenas.
Atfirst,thecubswillstayclosetotheirmotherastheyexploretheirsurroundings.Malecubmortalityishighbecausemalesaremoreactiveandmorelikelytoleavetheirprotectedshelter.
Cubsaccompanytheirmotheronhuntingexpeditionswhentheyarethreetofourmonthsold.
Cubswillnotbeabletokilltheirownpreyuntiltheyareabouttwoyearsold.Throughearlyplayexperiences,thecubslearnhowtohunt,crash,leap,andkilltheirprey.
Adolescentmalestendtoremainnearthepride'sterritoryatfirstandthengooffontheirown.Theywilltryandjoinanotherpride.Malelionsdisplayexcellentteamworkwhenthreatenedbyanothermalewantingtodominatethepride.Thetypicaldurationforwhichastronggroupofmalesisabletodefendtheirprideistwotothreeyears,duringwhichtimetheyfatheralloftheoffspring.(256words)
·Reflectionquestionsonwhatyouread
1.Whydoesthelionessrarelyleaveitscubs?
2.Whatcontributestothehighmortalityofmalecubs?
3.Howlongwillittakebeforecubsareabletokilltheirownprey?
Howaretheyabletodoso?
4.InthemovieTheLionKing,Simbafinallybecamethemightyking.Canyouexplainwhywouldadolescentmalesliketodefendtheirprideaccordingtothetext?
Leopards
豹在四种大型猫科动物(其余三种为狮、虎、美洲豹)中体积最小,颜色最鲜艳。
奔跑速度快,可以说是敏捷的猎手。
·Warm-up
Haveyoueverseenaleopardinthezoo?
Doyouknowhowitlookslike?
·Bigquestiontothinkaboutwhileyouread
Howdoestheleopardliveinthewild?
ContentVocabulary
1.wildn.anaturalenvironmentnotcontrolledbypeople自然环境
2.pantheran.aleopardintheblackcolorphase黑豹
3.spotn.asmall,round,coloredareaonasurface斑点
4.rosetten.adecorationordesignthatlooksratherlikearose玫瑰花环
5.stalkv.tomoveslowlyandquietlytowardsananimalinordertocatchorkillit偷偷接近(猎物)
6.agileadj.movingquicklyandlightly敏捷的
7.matingn.theactofpairingamaleandfemaleforreproductivepurposes交配
Theleopardisscatteredoverawiderareatodaythananyoftheotherbigcats.ItlivesacrossmostoftheAfricancontinent(withtheexceptionoftheSaharaDesert),inpartsofAsia,fromtheMiddleEasttoIndia,Pakistan,China,Siberia,andontheislandsofJavaandSriLanka.Theleopardmaybethemostdifficultbigcattofindinthewildbecauseleopardsspendmuchoftheirtimeintrees.Leopardsusuallyliveontheirown.
Leopardsarefromabout1.3to1.9meterslong,andtheyweighfromabout30to80kilograms.TheirscientificnameisPantherpardus.
Evenontheground,leopards'spottedcoatsofgoldenbrownwithblackringspotshelpthemtobecomeinvisible.Jaguarsandleopardshavethesamedarkrosettesontheirfur,butleopardsdonothavespotswithintherosettes.Jaguarfurhasspotsintherosettes.
Theleopardisprobablythesmartesthunterofallcats.Atnight,itmovessilentlyandstalksitspreybycrawlingwithitsstomachlowtotheground,oritmaywaitinatreeandjumponpreythatcomesnearthetree.Theagileanimalevenhuntsformonkeysintrees.Huntingandlivingalone,theleopardsurvivesinmanyplacesbecauseiteatsalmostanything.
Theleopardwillkillgazelles,wildpigs,andbirds.Itcandragpreymorethantwiceitssizeformanykilometersandthenpullitupatreetokeepotheranimalsfromgettingitsfood.Theabilitytodragitspreyallowstheleopardtohuntlessfrequentlythanothercatswhosharethesamehabitat,suchasthecheetahs.
Leopardshavenospecificbreedingseason,buttendtomateinJanuaryandFebruary.Aftermating,thepairseparates,withthefemalelefttocareforitscubs.Leopardstendtohavetwocubsafteragestationperiodbetween90to105days.Cubsarebornblindandweighfrom750gramsto1kilogram.Theybegintofeedontheirownatabout3monthswhentheystarttoaccompanytheirmotheronhuntingtrips.Themotherleopard'swhitishtailishelduprightduringtherearingofthecubs.Thiserecttailapparentlyprovidesthecubswithavisiblemarkerthathelpsthemfollowherthroughthetallgrassesandshrubs.Thecubsremainwiththeirmotherfor18to24months,andthentheyleavetoestablishterritoriesoftheirown.(415words)
·Reflectionquestionsonwhatyouread
1.Whereontheearthcanwefindleopards?
Whydoyouthinktheyhavesuchawidedistributionaccordingtothewholetext?
2.What'sthedifferencebetweenjaguarsandleopardsinappearance?
3.Whydoleopardshuntlessfrequentlythanothercatswhosharethesamehabitat,suchasthecheetahs?
4.Whatcanyoutellwhenthemotherleopard'swhitishtailishelduprightduringtherearingofitscubs?
Jaguars
美洲豹是美洲大陆上最大的猫科动物之一,仅次于老虎狮子,性情凶猛,喜欢栖息于树木茂密的热带雨林。
·Warm-up
TowhichanimalinthecatfamilydoesthescientificnamePantheraoncarefer?
WhatdoyouthinkisthelargestcatontheAmericancontinent?
·Bigquestiontothinkaboutwhileyouread
Howdojaguarsliveinthewild?
ContentVocabulary
1.tropicaladj.comingfromorexistinginthehottestpartsoftheworld热带的
2.pouncev.tojumponsomethingandholdit,inordertokillit猛扑
3.markingn.apatternofmarks记号
4.captivityn.thestateofbeingimprisoned囚禁
Longbeforemoderntimes,thejaguarwasworshippedasthegodofthenight.Inancientcivilizations,peoplebelievedthatthespotsonitscoatrepresentedthestarsinthesky.JaguarsarefoundinMexico,CentralAmerica,andSouthAmerica.Theyare1to2meterslongandmayweighbetween28to90kilograms(femalesaresmaller).TheirscientificnameisPantheraonca.
Jaguarshaveabeautifulgoldenbrown-yellowishcoatwithblackringswithonetofourdarkspotsinthecenterofeachring.Theringsarecalledrosettes.Jaguarshavewhitishfurontheirthroatandstomach.
Theprimaryhabitatsofthejaguararedensetropicalrainforestsandswampygrasslands.Jaguarsprefertolivenearfreshwaterwheretheycancatchfish,turtles,andsmallalligatorscalledcaimans.
Jaguarsarestrong,excellentswimmers.Theyhuntawidevarietyofcreaturesbigorsmall.Inadditiontothefreshwateranimalsjustmentioned,theyalsohuntdeer,wildpigs,tapirs,birds,andevenmice.Theyareslowerthantigersandmanyothercatsashunters,andtheyprefertostalkandpounceonpreyratherthanrunafterit.
Afterkillingitsprey,ajaguarmaydragitsbodytoasecludedspot,usuallyhighinatreebeforeeatingit.Mostcatskillwithbitestothethroatorneckofitsprey,butajaguar'sbiteissostrongitcanactuallycrushthehardskullofitsprey,causinginstantdeath.Ajaguar'sname,"yagurara,"wasgiventoitbySouthAmericanIndians,anditmeans"abeastthatkillsitspreywithoneleap."
Jaguarshuntdayornight.Ifseen,theyaremostlikelytobeonahuman-madetrail,whichtheypreferformovingaround.Jaguarshuntandlivealone,exceptwhenbreeding.Likemanyothercats,theymarktheirterritorywiththeirscent.Reproductionmaytakeplaceanytimeduringtheyear.Aseriesofroarsandurinaryscentmarkings3helpmaleslocatefemales.Thegestationperiodofajaguarisbetween95to105days.Jaguarlittersareusuallybetweenoneandfourcubs.Cubsarebornblind.Eachweighs1to1.5kilograms.
Thecubsgenerallyremaininthedenwheretheywerebornforaboutsixmonths.Thecubshaveawoollycoatwithspotsmuchliketheirmother's.Atthreemonths,thecubsbegintoaccompanytheirmotheron.hunts.Theyremainwithheruptotwoyearsandthenleavetoestablishterritoriesoftheirown.Ajaguarmaylive15to20yearsinthewildandupto22yearsincaptivity.
Animportantroleofthejaguaristoeliminateweakandsickmembersofotherspecies.Predatorssuchasjaguarspreventotherspeciesfrombecomingtoonumerousandoverpopulatingareas.However,jaguarsthemselves,likeotherbigcats,arebecomingendangeredashabitatsarelost.(479words)
·Reflectionquestionsonwhatyouread
1.Whywasthejaguarworshippedasthegodofthenightinancienttimes?
2.Whichplacedojaguarsprefertochooseastheirhabitats?
3.Jaguarsweregivenaname"yagurara"bySouthAmericanIndians,meaning"abeastthatkillsitspreywithoneleap".
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