全国医学博士英语统一考试试题.docx
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全国医学博士英语统一考试试题.docx
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全国医学博士英语统一考试试题
PartIListeningComprehension(30%)
略
PartIIVocabulary(10%)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,allthesentencesareincomplete.FourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandDaregivenbeneatheachofthem.Youaretochoosethewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence,thenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.
31.AccordingtotheGenevanoprisonersofwarshallbesubjecttoabuse.
A.CustomsB.CongressesC.ConventionsD.Routines
32.Environmentalofficialsinsistthatsomethingbedonetoacidrain.
A.CurbB.sureC.detoxifyD.condemn
33.Itisimpossibletosayhowitwilltakeplace,becauseitwillhappen,anditwillnotbealongprocess.
A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.principallyD.approximately
34.DiabetesisoneofthemostandpotentiallydangerousdiseaseintheWorld.
A.CrucialB.virulentC.colossalD.prevalent
35.Rheumatologistadvisesthatthosewithongoingachesandpainsfirstseekmedicalhelpto
theproblem.
A.AffiliateB.alleviateC.aggravateD.accelerate
36.Howisitpossiblethatsuchdeceptionhascometotakeplacerightunderournoses?
A.obviousB.significantC.necessaryD.widespread
37.NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfromonearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.
A.ConfigurationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.contamination
38.Chronichigh-doseintakeofvitaminAhasbeenshowntohaveeffectsonbones.
A.adverseB.prevalentC.instantD.purposeful
39.Generally,vaccinemakersthevirusinfertilizedchickeneggsinaprocessthatcantakefourtosixmonths.
A.penetrateB.designateC.generateD.exaggerate
40.Wearemuchquickertorespond,andwerespondfartooquicklybygiving_toouranger.A.ventB.impulseC.temperD.Offence
SectionB
Directions:
Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasawordorphraseunderlined.Therearefourwordsorphrasesbeneatheachsentence.Choosethewordorphrasewhichcanbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitissubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart.MarkyouranswerontheANSWER
SHEET.
41.Thepatient'sconditionhasworsenedsincelastnight.
A.improvedB.returnedC.deterioratedD.changed
42.BeijingTelevision-StationTransmittingTowerreallylooksmagnificentatnightwhenit'slitup.
A.decoratedB.illustratedC.illuminatedD.entertained
43.Attemptstorestrictparkinginthecitycentrehavefurtheraggravatedtheproblemoftrafficcongestion.
A.amelioratedB.aggregatedC.deterioratedD.duplicated
44.Theapplicationsofgeneticengineeringareabundantandchoosingoneappropriateforthiscasecanberatherdifficult.
A.sufficientB.plentifulC.adequateD.countable
45.Thedefectoccursinthefirsteightweeksofpregnancy,thoughnooneunderstandswhy.
A.deficitB.deviationC.drawbackD.discrepancy
46.Hehasbeenonhormonealternatetherapyforfouryearsandlooksfantastic.
A.successorB.replacementC.surrogateD.choice
47.Ithadover2,000apartmentcomplexes,agreatmarket,alargenumberofindustrialworkshops,anadministrativecenter,anumberofmassivereligiousedifices,andaregulargridpatternofstreetsandbuildings.
A.ancientB.carefullyC.verylargeD.carefullyprotected
48.Whenpatientsspendextendedperiodsinhospital,theytendtobecomeoverlydependentandloseinterestintakingcareofthemselves.
A.extremelyB.exclusivelyC.exactlyD.explicitly
49.Theanxiousparentwasvigilantovertheinjuredchildinspiteofafullarrayofemergencyroomofdoctorsandnurses.
A.preoccupiedB.unwaryC.watchfulD.dozing
50.Thedoctorvacillatedsofrequentlyondisease-preventiontechniquesthathiscolleaguesaccusedhimofinconsistency.
A.waveredB.instigatedC.experimentedD.relied
PartⅢCloze(10%)
Directions:
Inthissectionthereisapassagewithtennumberedblanks.Foreachblank,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDontherightside.ChoosethebestanswerandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.
Wespendalotoftimelookingattheeyesofothersforsocial51—ithelpsusunderstandaperson'semotions,andmakedecisionsabouthowtorespondtothem.Wealsoknowthatadults
avoideyecontactwhenanxious.Butresearchershaveknownfar52abouteyegazingpatternsinchildren.
AccordingtonewresearchbyKalinaMichalska,assistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside,wenowknowthatanxiouschildrentendtoavoidmakingeyecontact,andthishasconsequencesforhowtheyexperiencefear.The53andlessfrequentlytheylookattheeyesofothers,themorelikelytheyaretobeafraidofthem,evenwhentheremaybenoreasontobe.Herstudy,"AnxietySymptomsandChildren'sEyeGazeDuringFearLearning",waspublishedinthejournalTheJournalofChildPsychologyandPsychiatry.
“Lookingatsomeone'seyeshelpsusunderstandwhetherapersonisfeelingsad,angry,fearful,orsurprised.Asadults,wethenmakedecisionsabouthowtorespondandwhattodonext.But,weknowmuchlessabouteyepatternsinchildren—so,understandingthosepatternscanhelpuslearnmoreaboutthedevelopmentofsociallearning,"Michalskasaid.
Michalskaandtheteamofresearchersshowed82children,9to13yearsold,imagesoftwowomen'sfacesonacomputerscreen.Thecomputerwasequippedwithaneyetrackingdevicethatallowedthemtomeasure54onthescreenchildrenwerelooking,andforhowlong.Theparticipantswereoriginallyshowneachofthetwowomenatotaloffourtimes.Next,oneoftheimageswas55withaloudscreamandafearfulexpression,andtheotheronewasnot.Attheend,childrensawbothfacesagainwithoutanysoundorscream.
Thefollowingthreeconclusionscanbedrawnfromthestudy:
1.Allchildrenspentmoretimelookingattheeyesofafacethatwaspairedwiththeloudscreamthanthefacethatwasnotpairedwiththescream,56theypayattentiontopotentialthreatsevenintheabsenceofoutwardcues.
2.Childrenwhoweremoreanxiousavoidedeyecontactduringallthreephasesoftheexperiment,forbothkindsoffaces.Thishadconsequencesforhowafraidtheywereofthefaces.
3.Themorechildrenavoidedeyecontact;themoreafraidtheywere57thefaces.
Theconclusionssuggestthatchildrenspendmoretimelookingattheeyesofafaceswhenpreviouslypairedwithsomethingfrighteningsuggestingtheypaymoreattentiontopotentiallythreateninginformationasawaytolearnmoreaboutthesituationandplanwhattodonext.
However,anxiouschildrentendtoavoidmakingeyecontact,whichleadstogreater58experience.Eventhoughavoidingeyecontactmayreduceanxiety59,thestudyfindsthat—overtime—childrenmaybemissingout60importantsocialinformation.Thisincludesthatapersonmaynolongerbethreateningorscary,andyetthechildcontinuesfeelingfearfulofthatperson.
51.
A.environment
B.cues
C.relations
D.answers
52.
A.less
B.more
C.enough
D.beyond
53.
A.longer
B.moreanxious
C.shorter
D.more
54.
A.where
B.when
C.how
D.what
55.
A.followed
B.recorded
C.paired
D.marked
56.
A.suggest
B.suggesting
C.suggests
D.beingsuggested
57.
A.to
B.of
C.at
D.about
58.
A.fear
B.surprise
C.sad
D.angry
59.
A.inthelongrun
B.foralongtime
C.intheshorttime
D.inalongtime
60.
A.with
B.without
C.of
D.on
PartIVReadingComprehension(30%)
Directions:
Inthispart,therearesixpassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestion,therearefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.
PassageOne
TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringtheSensitive"attachment"periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild'spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.
SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby'sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Ithasbeenarguedthataninfantunderthreewhoiscaredforoutsidethehomemaysufferbecauseoftheseparationfromhisparents.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.
Buttraditionalsocietiesaresodifferentfrommodernsocietiesthatcomparisonsbasedonjustonefactorarehardtointerpret.Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsformedinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,insometribalsocieties,suchastheNgoni,thefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.
Certainty,Bowlby'sanalysisraisesthepossibilitiesthatearlydaycarehaddelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlyexploredbytheuseofstatistics.However,statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldcertainlybecomplicatedandcontroversial.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotbesowidespreadtodayifparents,care-takersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Thirdly,inthelastdecade,therehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatcarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren'sdevelopment.
Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurser
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