考研看图作文.docx
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考研看图作文.docx
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考研看图作文
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Asisvividlybetrayedinthedrawingabove,画图内容.Thedrawingdoesmirroracommonsocialphenomenonandisreallythought-provoking.
Theimpliedmeaningofthedrawingshouldbetakenintoaccountseriously.Tobeginwith,揭示含义1.What'smore,揭示含义2.Thecurrentsocialphenomenonshouldarousethegreatconcernofourwholesociety.
Inmyview,措施1.Inordertoeliminatethecurrentevilphenomenonrevealedinthedrawing,relevantlawsandregulationsmustbeestablishedto措施2.Onlyinthiswaycan要实现的目标.
2010年考研英语作文预测范文之看图作文(4)
饮可乐还是饮茶?
《红色娘子军》舞动巴黎
儒学在美国
文明冲突(civilizationconflict/Huntingtondefineseightmajorcivilizations:
(1)Western-whichincludesWesternEuropeandNorthAmerica;
(2)Slavic-Orthodox;(3)Islamic-whichincludesthreesubdivisions:
Arab,TurkicandMalay;(4)LatinAmerican;(5)Hindu;(6)Confucian;(7)Japanese;and(8)African.
Huntingtonsaysthat"Thefaultlinesbetweencivilizationswillbethebattlelinesofthefuture."Hecontinues,"Overthecenturies...differencesamongcivilizationshavegeneratedthemostprolongedandthemostviolentconflict"[2]-moresoeventhanideologicalconflict.Thereason?
-becausedifferencesbetweencivilizations"...arefarmorefundamentalthandifferencesamongpoliticalideologiesandpoliticalregimes..."[3]AndtheevidenceforHuntington'sassertioniseasilydiscernibleinwhat'sgoingonintheformerYugoslavia.Indeed,it'sonlyin"civilization"(orreligious)termsthatanysensecanbemadeofthealliancestructuresthathavegrownupasaresultoftheconflict:
Germany,FranceandAustria(and,asaresult,theE.C.)favorSloveniaandCroatia(whichareCatholicandWesternChristian);Russiaandthe"EasternSlavs"favorSerbia(whichis-liketherestoftheSlavicstates-Orthodox);andTurkeyandIranfavortheMuslimsofBosnia(whichareIslamic).Indeed,theBalkanshavebeenatinderboxofconflictforhundredsofyearspreciselybecausetheylieattheconvergenceofthreemajorcivilizations(orreligions)andthecultureswhichthesereligionsundergird:
WesternChristianity(Slovenia,Croatia,etc.);OrthodoxChristianity(Serbia,Bulgaria,Russia,etc.);andIslam(Turkey,Albania,etc.).
Ithink,we'reinaNewAxialAge.TheideaofAxialAgewasproposedbyGermanphilosopherKarlJaspers(1883-1969),definedasaround500B.C.whengreatthinkersappearedalmostsimultaneousinAncientGreece,Israel,IndiaandChina,contributingtheiroriginalideastotheproblemsconcerningtheexistenceofhumanbeing.DistinctiveculturaltraditionswerethenformedrespectivelybySocratesandPlatoinAncientGreece,Lai-ziandConfuciusinChina,SakyamuniinIndia,andJewishprophetsinIsrael,which,aftermorethantwothousandyearsofprogress,havebecometheprinciplepartofhumanintellectualwealth.Theselocalculturaltraditionswereindependentinbirth,withoutmutualinfluence."UntiltodaymankindhaslivedbywhathappenedduringtheAxialPeriod,bywhatwasthoughtandcreatedduringthatperiod.Ineachnewupwardflightitreturnsinrecollectiontothisperiodandisfiredanewbyit.EvensincethenithasbeenthecasethatrecollectionsandreawakeningsofthepotentialitiesoftheAxialPeriod-renaissances-affordaspiritualimpetus."Forexample,theEuropeansinRenaissancehadrecollectedtheoriginoftheirculture,AncientGreece,whichhadfiredanewtheEuropeancivilizationandleftitsmarkonglobalculture.Similarly,theSongandMingNeo-ConfucianisminChinawasstimulatedbytheimpactsofIndianBuddhism;theConfucianthinkers,by"recollecting"ConfuciusandMenciusinpre-QingPeriod,hadpromotedtheingeniousChinesephilosophytoanewheight.Inacertainsense,thecontemporaryprogressofglobalculturesmightbeanewleaponthebasisofAxialAge.Hasthecontemporaryhumanculturecreated,orwillcreate,aNewAxialAgethen?
--Judgedfromcertainevidences,itmightbe.
IfChineseculturehopestocontributetothe"coexistenceofcivilizations"incontemporaryhumansociety,itmustneedstoknowitself,whichmeansaculturalself-consciousness.Theso-called"culturalself-consciousness"istheseriousself-reflectionbycertainpeopleincertainculturaltraditionontheirownculture'sorigin,itshistoryofformation,itscharacters(includingbothadvantagesanddisadvantages)anditstendencyofprogress.TherenewalofChinesenationisontheeve.Toachievethisgoal,wemusthaveaself-knowledgeaboutChineseculture,posititonaproperplace,andsearchwithenthusiasmthegenuinespiritofthisculturewithalonghistory,inordertopresentitsessencetomodernhumansociety.Besides,wemustreflectthedisadvantagesofourcultureaswell,tobettertheabsorptionsofothercultures'essences,andtore-interpretitinamodernwayadaptingtothegeneraltendencyofprogressofmodernsociety.Onlyafterthisretrospectivereflectioncouldourcountrymarchasvanguardintheprogressofglobalculture,andcreateabravenewworldtogetherwithothercultures.
ConfucianismandTaoismwereprincipleschoolsofthinkingintraditionalChineseculture,usuallyregardedasmutualcomplementary-ofcourse,afterIndianBuddhismwasintroducedintoChina,italsoplayedanimportantroleinChinesesocietyandculture.NowI'dliketodiscusswhethertheConfucianandTaoistthinkingcouldprovidemeaningfulsourcesforthedoctrineof"coexistenceofcivilizations".
(1)TheConfuciandoctrineofRen(仁:
benevolence,virtue)isaresourceofthinkingwithpositivemeaningforthe"coexistenceofcivilizations".
"TheWayoriginatesinEmotion"(道始于情),asprescribedin"DestinyistheresourceofHumannature"(性自命出),manuscriptinGuodianBambooSlips(《郭店竹简》)."TheWay"heremeans"theWayofHuman"(人道),i.e.theprinciplesindealingwithhuman(orinantherword,social)relationships,whichisdifferentfrom"theWayofHeaven"(天道),i.e.thelawsofnatureorofuniverse.Humanrelationshipsareestablishedonthebasisofemotion,whichisthestartingpointofConfuciandoctrineofRen.OnceadisciplenamedFanChiaskedConfucius:
"WhatisRen?
"Theanswerwas:
"Tolovepeople."Whereistheoriginofthisthought,"tolovepeople"?
InTheDoctrineoftheMeanasayingofConfuciuswasquotedas:
"Renisthecharacteristicelementofhumanity,andthegreatexerciseofitisinlovingrelatives."[17]ThespiritofBenevolenceandLove(仁爱)isrootedinhumannature,andtoloveone'srelativeisthemostbasicexerciseofit.ButthespiritofRengoesfarbeyondthislevel.ToquoteGuodianBambooSlips:
"Toloveandlovedeep,thatislove;buttoenlargetheloveofone'sfathertotheloveofhumanbeing,thatisRen."[18]"TheenlargementoffilialpietyistoloveallthepeoplebelowHeaven."[19]FromthesesayingsweobservethattheConfucianDoctrineofRendemandstoenlarge"theloveofrelatives"to"thebenevolenceonpeople",i.e.to"enlargeone'sself-concerntotheconcernonothers"(推己及人),to"treatwiththereverenceduetoagetheeldersinyourownfamily,sothattheeldersinthefamiliesofothersshallbesimilarlytreated;treatwiththekindnessduetoyouththeyounginyourownfamily,sothattheyounginthefamiliesofothersshallbesimilarlytreated"[20]-thatisRen.Itisnoteasytopracticethedoctrineof"enlargingone'sself-concerntotheconcernonothers",whichrequiresa"practiceofRen"rootingin"theWayofLoyaltyandForgiveness"(忠恕之道),i.e."neverdotoothersasyoudonotwishdoneonyourself"[21],"wishingtobeestablishedhimself,heseeksalsotoestablishothers;wishingtobeenlargedhimself,heseeksalsotoenlargeothers".[22]("Loyaltyiscompletedevotionofoneself;Forgivenessisthedeductionofone'sself-concern."朱熹:
《四书集注》).
IfRenistobeenlargedtothewholesociety,itwouldbeaswhatConfuciusoncesaid:
"Tosubdueone'sselfandreturntopropriety,isperfectvirtue.Ifajunzi(君子:
gentleman,nobleman)canforonedaysubduehimselfandreturntopropriety,allunderheavenwillreturntoRen(afterhisexample).IsthepracticeofRenfromamanhimself,orisitfromothers?
"[23]"Tosubdueone'sself"and"toreturntopropriety"areusuallyinterpretedasparallelingteachings,butIdon'tthinkthisisthebestexplanationofthisdoctrine."Tosubdueone'sselfandreturntopropriety,isperfectvirtue"actuallymeansonlythe"returningtopropriety"basedon"subduingofone'sself"couldberegardedasRen.Mr.FeiXiaotonghadhisowninterpretationaboutthisdoctrine:
"Onlyafteronehassubduedone'sselfcouldonereturntopropriety.Thereturntoproprietyisprerequisiteforonetoenterthesocietyandbecomeasocialman.PerhapsitisjustonthispointWesternandEasterncivilizationshaveparted,thatis,whethertoexpandortosubdueone'sself."[24]IthinkMr.Feihasmadeaproperremark.ZhuXialsohadanexegesisonthisdoctrine."Tosubduemeanstoconquer,"hesaid,"andthe‘self'meansone'spersonaldesires.Toreturnmeanstorestore,andthe‘propriety'meansthelawsandpatternsofthePrincipleofHeaven."Accordingtothisexegesis,oneshouldsubdueone'spersonaldesirestoabidebyproprietiesandsocialcriterions.Renisone'snaturalvirtues("Loveisborninnature."[25]);andproprietyisexteriorconventionstoruleone'sbehavior,thefunctionofwhichistoadjustsocialrelationshipssothatpeoplecouldliveinharmony,as:
"Themostvaluablefunctionofproprietyisharmony."[26]Onlyifoneabides
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