最新职称英语考试理工类A级考试真题.docx
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最新职称英语考试理工类A级考试真题.docx
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最新职称英语考试理工类A级考试真题
职称英语考试理工类A级考试真题
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1、Respectforlifeisacardinalprincipleofthelaw.
A.fundamental
B.moral
C.regular
D.hard
2、Theproposalwasendorsedbythemajorityofmembers.
A.rejected
B.approved
C.submitted
D.considered
3、Manyexpertsremainskepticalabouthisclaims.
A.untouched
B.certain
C.silent
D.doubtful
4、Thisspecieshasnearlydiedoutbecauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.
A.turneddead
B.passedby
C.carriedaway
D.becomeextinct
5、Themethodsofcommunicationusedduringthewarwereprimitive.
A.reliable
B.effective
C.simple
D.alternative
6、Threeworld-classtennisplayerscametocontendforthistitle.
A.argue
B.claim
C.wish
D.compete
7、Comeout,orI’llbustthedoordown.
A.shut
B.beat
C.set
D.break
8、Therulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumanerror.
A.general
B.complex
C.inflexible
D.direct
9、Thetowerremainsintacteveraftertwohundredyears.
A.unknown
B.undamaged
C.unusual
D.unstable
10、Theydidn’tseemtoappreciatethemagnitudeoftheproblem.
A.existence
B.cause
C.importance
D.situation
11、Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswillexpire_soon.
A.shorten
B.start
C.end
D.resume
12、Thedrinkingwaterhasbecomecontaminatedwithlead.
A.polluted
B.treated
C.tested
D.corrupted
13、Sheshedafewtearsatherdaughter’swedding.
A.produced
B.wiped
C.injected
D.removed
14、Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.
A.send
B.hear
C.confirm
D.spread
15、Thepolicewillneedtokeepawaryeyeonthisareaoftown,
A.cautious
B.naked
C.blind
D.private
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
16、请根据短文的内容,对16-23做出判断
NewUnderstandingofNaturalSilk’sMysteries
Naturslsilk,asweallknow,hasastrengththatmanmadematerialshavelongstruggledtomatch.InadiscoverythatsoundsmorelikeanancientChineseproverbthanamaterialssciencebreakthrough,MITresearchershavediscoveredthatsilkgetsitsstrengthfromitsweakness.Or,morespecifically,itsmanyweaknesses.Silkgetsitsextraordinarydurabilityandductilityfromanunusualarrangementofhydrogenbondsthatareinherentlyveryweakbutthatworktogethertocreateastrong,flexiblestructure.
Mostmaterials--especiallytheonesweengineerforstrength-gettheirtoughnessfrombrittleness.Assuch,naturalsilkslikethoseproducedbyspidershavelongfascinatedbothbiologistsandengineersbecauseoftheirlightweight,ductilityandhighstrength(poundforpOund,silkisstrongerthansteelandfarlessbrittle).Butonitsface,itdoesn’tseemthatsilksshouldbeasstrongastheyare;molecularly,theyareheldtogetherbyhydrogenbonds,whicharefarweakerthanthecovalentbondsfoundinothermolecules.
Togetabetterunderstandingofhowsilkmanagestoproducesuchstrengththroughsuchweakbonds,theMITteamcreatedasetofcomputermodelsthatallowedthemtoobservethewaysilkbehavesattheatomiclevel.Theyfoundthatthearrangementofthetinysilknanocrystalsissuchthatthehydrogenbondsareabletoworkcooperatively,reinforcingoneanotheragainstexternalforcesandfailingslowlywhentheydofail,soasnotsoallowasuddenfracturetospreadacrossasilkstructure.
Theresultisnaturalsilksthatcanstretchandbendwhileretainingahighdegreeofstrength.Butwhilethat’sallwellandgoodforspiders,beesandthelike,thisunderstandingofsilkgeometrycouldleadtonewmaterialsthatarestrongerandmoreductilethanthosewecancurrentlymanufacture.Ourbestandstrongestmaterialsaregenerallyexpensiveanddifficulttoproduce(requiringhightemperaturetreatmentsorenergy-intensiveprocesses).
Bylookingtosilkasamodel,researcherscouldpotentiallydevisenewmanufacturingmethodsthatrelyoninexpensivematerialsandweakbondstocreatelessrigid,moreforgivingmaterialsthatarenonethelessstrongerthananythingcurrentlyonoffer.Andifyouthoughtyouweregoingtogetoutofthismaterialssciencestorywithoutheatingaboutcarbonnanotubes,thinkagain.TheMITteamisalreadyinthelablookingintowaysofsynthesizingsilk-likestructuresoutofmaterialsthatarestrongerthannaturalsilk--likecarbcnnanotubes.Super-silksareonthehorizon.
MITresearcherscarryoutthestudytoillustrateanancientChineseproverb.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
17、Silk’sstrengthcomesfromitsweakhydrogenbondsworkingtogether.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
18、Biologistandengineerareinterestedinunderstandingnaturalsilksbecausetheyareverylightandbrittle.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
19、Ifthehydrogenbondsbreakduetoexternalforces,theybreakfast.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
20、TheMITteamhadtrieddifferentmaterialsbeforetheystudiednaturalsilkintheirresearch,
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
21、Carbonnanotubesarecurrentlythemostpopulartopicinmaterialscience.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
22、Itisindicatedthatmaterialsstrongerthannaturalsilkcanbeexpectedinthefuture.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个标题;
(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个选项。
23、根据材料,回答23-31问题。
BlackHoles
1.Blackholescanbebestdescribedasasortofvacuum,suckingupeverythinginspace.Scientistshavediscoveredthatblackholescomefromanexplosionofhugestars.Starsthatareneardeathcannolongerburnduetolossoffuel,andbecauseitstemperaturecannolongercontrolthegravitational(重力的)force,hydrogenendsupputtingpressureontothestar’ssurfaceuntilitsuddenlyexplodesthencollapses.
2.Blackholescomefromstarsthataremadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.Whentheseexplodeitcanturnintoastellar-mass(恒星质量)blackhole,whichcanonlyoccurifthestarislargeenough(shouldbebiggerthanthesun)fortheexplosiontobreakitintopieces,andthegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle.Trytoseeandcompare:
ifastarthat’stentimesthesizeofthesunendupbeingablackholethat’snolongerthan70kilometers,thentheEarthwouldbecomeblackholethat’sonlyafractionofaninch!
3.Objectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,nevertobreakfree.Butrememberthatblackholescanonlygobbleup(吞噬)objectswithinaspecificdistancetoit.It’spossibleforalargestarnearthesuntobecomeablackhole,butthesunwillcontinuetostayinplace.Orbits(轨道)donotchangebecausethenewlyformedblackholecontainsexactlythesameamountofmassaswhenitwasastar,onlythismassistotallycontractedthatitcanendupasnobiggerthanastate.
4.Sofar,astronomershavefiguredoutthatblackholesexistbecauseofAlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Intheend,throughnumerousstudies,theyhavediscoveredthatblackholestrulyexist.Sinceblackholestraplightanddonotgiveofflight,itisnotpossibletodetectblackholesviaatelescope.Butastronomerscontinuetoexploregalaxies(银河系),spaceandthesolarsystemtounderstandhowblackholeswork.Itispossiblethatblackholescanexistformillionsofyears,andlatercontributefurtherprocessingalaxies,whichcaneventuallyleadtocreationofnewentities.Scientistsalsocreditblackholesashelpfulinlearninghowgalaxiesbegantoform.
Paragraph1__________
A.Isthereproofthatblackholesreallyexist?
B.Whataredifferenttypesofblackholes?
C.Howareblackholesformed?
D.Howwereblackholesnamed?
E.Whathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole?
F.Whatareblackholesmadeof?
24、Paragraph2__________
A.Isthereproofthatblackholesreallyexist?
B.Whataredifferenttypesofblackholes?
C.Howareblackholesformed?
D.Howwereblackholesnamed?
E.Whathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole?
F.Whatareblackholesmadeof?
25、Paragraph3__________
A.Isthereproofthatblackholesreallyexist?
B.Whataredifferenttypesofblackholes?
C.Howareblackholesformed?
D.Howwereblackholesnamed?
E.Whathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole?
F.Whatareblackholesmadeof?
26、Paragraph4__________
A.Isthereproofthatblackholesreallyexist?
B.Whataredifferenttypesofblackholes?
C.Howareblackholesformed?
D.Howwereblackholesnamed?
E.Whathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole?
F.Whatareblackholesmadeof?
27、Blackholesareformedafter__________
A.thecreationofnewentities
B.anexplosionofhugestars
C.thetiniestparticle
D.thesameamountofmass
E.theexistenceofblackholes
F.afractionofaninch
28、Whenalargestarexplodes,thegravitycompactseverpieceinto_________
A.thecreationofnewentities
B.anexplosionofhugestars
C.thetiniestparticle
D.thesameamountofmass
E.theexistenceofblackholes
F.afractionofaninch
29、Anewlyformedblackholeandthestaritcomesfromareof__________
A.thecreationofnewentities
B.anexplosionofhugestars
C.thetiniestparticle
D.thesameamountofmass
E.theexistenceofblackholes
F.afractionofaninch
30、AlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativityhelpstoprove__________
A.thecreationofnewentities
B.anexplosionofhugestars
C.thetiniestparticle
D.thesameamountofmass
E.theexistenceofblackholes
F.afractionofaninch
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定l个选项。
31、根据材料,回答31-36问题。
ForecastingMethods
Thereareseveraldifferentmethodsthatcanbeusedtocreateaforecast.Themethodforecasterchoosesdependsupontheexperienceoftheforecaster,theamountofinformationavailabletotheforecaster,thelevelofdifficultythattheforecastsituationpresents,andthedegreeofaccuracyorconfidenceneededintheforecast.
Thefirst
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