electrochemical performance of LiV3O8carbon nanosheet composite as cathode material for lithiumion.docx
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electrochemicalperformanceofLiV3O8carbonnanosheetcompositeascathodematerialforlithiumion
Automaticgenerationofabillofmaterialsbasedonattributepatternswithvariantspecificationsinacustomer-orientedenvironment OriginalResearchArticle
JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology,Volume199,Issues1-3,1April2008,Pages431-436
J.C.HernándezMatías,H.PérezGarcía,J.PérezGarcía,A.VizánIdoipe
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Abstract
Theconfigurationofproductstructuresthroughabillofmaterials(BOM)isthemostimportantphaseinanERPimplementation.ABOMdescribesthecomponentstructureofaproduct,usuallyasahierarchicalstructureimplementedwithinarelationaldatabase.Thesedescriptionsincludetherelationshipbetweentheendproduct,sub-assembliesandmaterials.TheconventionalapproachforimplementingthesestructuresinanEnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP)orProductDataManagement(PDM)systemistodesignasingleBOMforeachproductmodel.However,thisbecomesimpossibleinacustomer-orientedproduction,wherethegenericproductisdefinedthroughasetofattributes,whichmayhavealternativevalues.Sincethenumberofvariantsmayrunintohighnumbers,itisveryexpensivetodesignandmaintaintheBOMstructureforeachvariant.Inthispaper,wepresentaspecificmethodfortheautomaticgenerationofabillofmaterialsbasedonattributepatternswithvariantspecificationsinacustomer-orientedenvironment.Asaresultofapplyingthemethod,weareabletocreateautomaticallytherightcodificationandthefulltreestructure.ThemethodmaybeimplementedinanyERPsystemusingrelationaldatabases.Acomplexindustrialapplicationispresentedtovalidatetheproposedmethod.
ArticleOutline
1.Introduction
2.Background
3.MethodforBOMgeneration
4.Acasestudy
4.1.Generaldescription
4.2.Databasestructure
4.3.Automaticgenerationofcodification
4.4.ProcedureforgeneratingBOM
5.Conclusions
References
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202
TheBritishModelinBritain:
Failingslowly OriginalResearchArticle
EnergyPolicy,Volume34,Issue5,March2006,Pages583-600
SteveThomas
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Abstract
In1990,Britainreorganiseditselectricityindustrytorunoncompetitivelines.TheBritishreformsarewidelyregardedassuccessfulandthemodelusedprovidesthebasisforreformsofelectricityindustriesworldwide.Themainreasonforthisperceptionofsuccessismajorreductionsintherealpriceofelectricitywithnoreductioninservicequality.ThispaperexamineswhetherthereputationoftheBritishreformsisjustified.Itconcludesthatthereputationisnotjustifiedandthatseriousfundamentalproblemsarebeginningtoemerge.Thecentralquestionis:
havetheBritishreformsresultedinthecreationofefficientwholesaleandretailmarkets?
Onthiscriterion,thereformshavefailed.Thewholesalemarketisdominatedbyobscurelong-termcontracts,privilegedaccesstothemarketandself-dealingwithinintegratedgenerator/retailers,leavingthespotmarketswithminimalliquidityandunreliableprices.Thefailuretodevelopanefficientwholesalemarketplacestheonusonconsumerstoimposecompetitiveforcesonelectricitycompaniesbyswitchingregularly.Smallconsumerswillnotdothisandtheyarepayingtoomuchfortheirpower.Forthefuture,thereisaseriousriskthattheelectricityindustrywillbecomeaweaklyregulatedoligopolywithaveneerofcompetition.
ArticleOutline
1.Introduction
2.WhatistheBritishModel?
3.Istheindustrycorporatestructurecompetitive?
3.1.Generation
3.1.1.Theinitialstructure
3.1.2.Developmentssince1990
3.2.Retailsupply
3.3.Distribution
3.4.Transmission
3.5.Assessmentofthestructure
4.Isthewholesaleelectricitymarketanefficientone?
4.1.Thepowerpool
4.1.1.Protectionforcoal
4.1.2.Protectionfornuclear
4.1.3.TheREC'spowerplants
4.1.4.Assessmentofthepowerpool
4.2.NETA
4.2.1.TheprinciplesofNETA
4.2.2.NETAinpractice
4.2.3.ImpactofNETA
4.2.4.Securityofsupply
4.2.5.AssessmentofNETA
5.Isretailelectricitycompetitionresultinginanefficientallocationofcosts?
5.1.Theimpactofcompetitiononhowcostsaredistributed
5.2.Thepracticalitiesofintroducingcompetitionforsmallconsumers
5.3.Assessmentofretailcompetition
6.Whyhavepricesgonedown
7.Conclusions
References
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Developmentandapplicationofbio-economicmodellingtocomparesilvoarable,arable,andforestrysystemsinthreeEuropeancountries OriginalResearchArticle
EcologicalEngineering,Volume29,Issue4,1April2007,Pages434-449
A.R.Graves,P.J.Burgess,J.H.N.Palma,F.Herzog,G.Moreno,M.Bertomeu,C.Dupraz,F.Liagre,K.Keesman,W.vanderWerf,A.KoeffemandeNooy,J.P.vandenBriel
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Abstract
SilvoarableagroforestrycouldpromoteuseoftreesonfarmsinEurope,butitslikelyeffectonproduction,farmprofitability,andenvironmentalservicesispoorlyunderstood.Hence,from2001to2005,theSilvoarableAgroforestryforEuropeprojectdevelopedasystematicprocesstoevaluatethebiophysicalandeconomicperformanceofarable,forestry,andsilvoarablesystemsinSpain,France,andTheNetherlands.Abiophysicalmodelcalled“Yield-SAFE”wasdevelopedtopredictlong-termyieldsforthedifferentsystemsandlocalstatisticsandexpertopinionwereusedtoderivetheirrevenue,costs,andpre-andpost-2005grantregimes.Thesedatawerethenusedinaneconomicmodelcalled“Farm-SAFE”topredictplot-andfarm-scaleprofitability.Landequivalentratiosweregreaterthanone,showingYield-SAFEpredictedthatgrowingtreesandcropsinsilvoarablesystemswasmoreproductivethangrowingthemseparately.Pre-2005grantsinSpainandTheNetherlandspenalisedsilvoarablesystems,butpost-2005grantsweremoreequitable.InFrance,walnutandpoplarsilvoarablesystemswereconsistentlythemostprofitablesystemunderbothgrantregimes.InSpain,holmoakandstonepinesilvoarablesystemsweretheleastprofitablesystemunderpre-2005grants,butonlymarginallylessprofitablethanarablesystemsunderpost-2005grants.InTheNetherlands,lowtimbervaluesandtheopportunitycostoflosingarablelandforslurrymanureapplicationmadesilvoarableandforestrysystemsuncompetitivewitharablesystemsunderbothgrantregimes.
ArticleOutline
1.Introduction
2.Method
2.1.Identificationandcharacterisationoflandscapetestsites
2.2.Definitionoftreeandcropspeciesandmanagement
2.3.Biophysicalmodelling
2.4.Definitionofrevenue,costs,andgrants
2.5.Plot-scaleeconomicmodelling
2.6.Farm-scalemodelling
3.Results
3.1.Yieldsinarableandforestrysystems
3.2.Yieldsinsilvoarablesystems
3.3.Landequivalentratios
3.4.Definitionofrevenue,costs,andgrants
3.4.1.Arableandsilvoarablecropcomponentfinance
3.4.2.Forestryandsilvoarabletreecomponentfinance
3.4.3.Grantregimes
3.5.Plot-scaleeconomicresults
3.5.1.Profitabilitywithnogrants
3.5.2.Pre-2005grantregime
3.5.3.Post-2005grantregime
3.6.Farm-scaleanalysis
4.Discussion
4.1.Biophysicalmodellingofyields
4.2.Grantregimes
4.3.Plot-scaleeconomics
4.4.Farm-scaleeconomics
5.Conclusionsandrecommendations
Acknowledgements
References
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Designoptimizationofphotovoltaicpoweredwaterpumpingsystems OriginalResearchArticle
EnergyConversionandManagement,Volume47,Issues11-12,July2006,Pages1449-1463
A.A.Ghoneim
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Abstract
Theuseofphotovoltaicsasthepowersourceforpumpingwaterisoneofthemostpromisingareasinphotovoltaicapplications.Withtheincreaseduseofwaterpumpingsystems,moreattentionhasbeenpaidtotheirdesignandoptimumutilizationinordertoachievethemostreliableandeconomicaloperation.ThispaperpresentstheresultsofperformanceoptimizationofaphotovoltaicpoweredwaterpumpingsystemintheKuwaitclimate.ThedirectcoupledphotovoltaicwaterpumpingsystemstudiedconsistsofthePVarray,DCmotor,centrifugalpump,astoragetankthatservesasimilarpurposetobatterystorageandamaximumpowerpointtrackertoimprovetheefficiencyofthesystem.Thepumpedwaterisdesiredtosatisfythedomesticneedsof300personsinaremoteareainKuwait.Assumingafigureof40 l/person/dayforwaterconsumption,avolumeof12 m3shouldbepumpeddailyfromadeepwellthroughouttheyear.
AcomputersimulationprogramisdevelopedtodeterminetheperformanceoftheproposedsystemintheKuwaitclimate.ThesimulationprogramconsistsofacomponentmodelforthePVarraywithmaximumpowerpointtrackerandcomponentmodelsforboththeDCmotorandthecentrifugalpump.Thefiveparametermodelisadaptedtosimulatetheperformanceofamorphoussiliconsolarcellmodules.ThesizeofthePVarray,PVarrayorientationandthepump–motor–hydraulicsystemcharacteristicsarevariedtoachievetheoptimumperformancefortheproposedsystem.
Thelifecyclecostmethodisimplementedtoevaluatetheeconomicfeasibilityoftheoptimizedphotovoltaicpower
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