高考英语复习阅读理解汇编74.docx
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高考英语复习阅读理解汇编74.docx
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高考英语复习阅读理解汇编74
2017高考英语阅读理解汇编(74)
阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Riversmaybeasignificantsourceofthegreenhousegasnitrousoxide(一氧化二氮),scientistsnowfind.
TheircalculationsuggeststhatacrosstheglobethewaterwayscontributethreetimestheamountofnitrousoxidetotheatmosphereashadbeenestimatedbytheInternationalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),theUnitedNationsscientificbodychargedwithreviewingclimatechangeresearch.Theyfoundthattheamountofnitrousoxideproducedinstreamsisrelatedtohumanactivitiesthatreleasenitrogen(氮)intotheenvironment,suchasfertilizeruseandsewagedischarges.
“Humanactivities,includingfossilfuelcombustionandintensiveagriculture,haveincreasedtheavailabilityofnitrogenintheenvironment,”saidJakeBeaulieuoftheUniversityofNotreDameandtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyinCincinnati,Ohio,andleadauthorofthepaperpublishedthisweekinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.
“Muchofthisnitrogenistransportedintoriverandstreamnetworks,”Beaulieusaid.There,microbes(微生物)convertthenitrogenintonitrousoxide(alsocalledlaughinggas)andaninertgascalleddinitrogen(二氮).
Thefindingisimportant,theresearcherssay,becausenitrousoxideisapowerfulgreenhousegasthatcontributestoclimatechangeanddestructionofthestratosphere’sozonelayer,whichprotectsusfromthesun’sharmfulultraviolet(紫外线)radiation.Comparedwithcarbondioxide,nitrousoxideis300-foldmorepowerfulintermsofitswarmingpotential,thoughcarbondioxideisafarmorecommongreenhousegas.Scientistsestimatenitrousoxideaccountsforabout6percentofhuman-inducedclimatechange.
Beaulieuandcolleaguesmeasurednitrousoxideproductionratesin72streams.Whensummedacrosstheglobe,theresultsshowedriversandstreamsarethesourceofatleast10percentofhuman-causednitrousoxideemissionstotheatmosphere.
“Changesinagriculturalandland-usepracticesthatresultinlessnitrogenbeingdeliveredtostreamswouldreducenitrousoxideemissionsfromrivernetworks,”Beaulieusaid.
1.Fromthesecondparagraphwecanlearn .
A.actuallyriversgiveoffmuchmorenitrousoxidethanexpected
B.scientists’calculationistotallywrong
C.humanactivitiesreleasenitrousoxideintotherivers
D.thereisnonitrogeninfertilizer
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesourceofnitrogen?
A.Fertilizeruse.B.Sewagedischarges.
C.Fossilfuelcombustion.D.Climatechange.
3.Nitrousoxideisapowerfulgreenhousegasbecause .
A.itcanprotectusfromthesun’sharmfulultravioletradiation
B.itistoblameformostofhuman-inducedclimatechange
C.itisafarmorecommongreenhousegas
D.ithasmuchmorewarmingpotentialthancarbondioxide
4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellsus?
A.Riversmaybeasourceofthegreenhousegasnitrousoxide.
B.It’shumanactivitiesthatreleasenitrogenintotheenvironment.
C.Howtoreducenitrousoxideemissionsfromrivernetworks
DWhattodowiththeclimatechangecausedbynitrousoxide.
【参考答案】1—4、ADDA
较难题目特训:
节能环保类
阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
TheMaldivesfacesthethreatofextinctionfromrisingsealevels,butthegovernmentsaidonThursdayitwaslookingtothefuturewithplanstobuild
homesandagolfcoursethatfloat.
Anincreaseinsealevelsofjust18to59centimeterswouldmaketheMaldives—anationoftinycoralislandsintheIndianOcean—virtuallyuninhabitableby2100,theUN’sclimatechangepanelhaswarned.
PresidentMohamedNasheedhasvowedafightforsurvival,andlastmonthhesignedadealwithaDutchcompanytostudyproposalsforafloatingstructurethatcouldsupportaconferencecentre,homesandan18-holegolfcourse.
“Itisstillearlystagesandweareawaitingareportonthepracticality,”agovernmentofficialwhodeclinedtobenamedsaid.
Thecompany,DutchDocklands,iscurrentlybuildingfloatingdevelopmentsintheNetherlandsandDubai.Therewasnoimmediatecommentfromthefirmbutitswebsitesaiditundertookprojectsthatmake“landfromwaterbyprovidinglarge-scalefloatingconstructionstocreatesimilarconditionsasonland”.
TheMaldivesbegantoworkonanartificialislandknownastheHulhumalenearthecrowdedcapitalislandofMalein1997andmorethan30,000peoplehavebeensettledtheretoeasecongestion.Thecity,whichhasapopulationof100,000,isalreadyprotectedfromrisingsealevelsbya30-million-dollarseawall,andthegovernmentisconsideringincreasinglyimaginativewaystocombatclimatechange.
Nasheed,whostagedtheworld’sfirstunderwatercabinetmeetinginOctobertohighlighthispeople’sseriousanddifficultsituation,hasevenspokenofbuyinglandelsewhereintheworldtoenableMaldivianstorelocateiftheirhomesarecompletedcovered.
Hehasalsopromisedtoturnhisnationintoa
modelfortherestoftheworldbybecoming“carbonneutral”by2020.Hisplaninvolvesendingfossilfueluseandpoweringallvehiclesandbuildingsfrom“green”sourcessuchasburningcoconuthusks.
1.WhydoyouthinkMohamedNasheedchoseDutchDocklands?
A.Becauseithasexperienceinbuildingfloatingstructure.
B.Becauseithasagoodfamethroughouttheworld.
C.Becauseitchargedmuchlessthanothercompanies.
D.Becauseitsupportsbuildingfloatingstructuresintheworld.
2.TheHulhumalewasbuiltwiththepurposeof .
A.attractingmorevisitorsB.makingitanewcapital
C.makingthecapitallesscrowdedD.fightingagainstclimatechange
3.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,Nasheedisapersonwho .
A.
hassucceededinbuyinglandabroadB.ismorethanwell-known
C.hasthoughtmoreforhisnationD.hasstoppedusingfossilfuel
4.Theunderlinedword“vowed”inparagraph3canbereplacedby .
A.ended B.promised C.failed D.weighed
【参考答案】1—4、ACCB
较难题目特训:
节能环保类
阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
PLAYAGRANDE,COSTARICA?
ThisresorttownwaslongknownforLeatherbackSeaTurtle(棱皮龟)nationalPark,nightlyturtlebeachtoursandevenaseaturtlemuseum.However,onabeachwheredozensofturtlesusedtonestonagivennight,scientistsspiedonly32leatherbacksalloflastyear.
Withleatherbacksthreatenedwithextinction(灭绝),PlayaGrande’sturtlemuseumwasabandonedthreeyearsagoandnowsitsamongaseaofweeds.AndthebeachsideticketofficeforturtletourswaswashedawaybyahightideinSeptember.“Wedonotpromotethatasaturtletourismdestinationanymorebecausewerealizetherearefartoofewturtlestoplease,”saidAlvaroFonseca,aparkranger(管理员).
Evenbeforescientistsfoundtemperaturesgoingupoverthepastdecade,seaturtleswerethreatenedbybeachdevelopment,driftnetfishingandCostaRicansinterestineatingturtleeggs.ButclimatechangemaycausethemostseriousharmtoananimalthathaslivedinthePacificfor150millionyears.
Seaturtlesaresensitivetonumerouseffectsofwarming.Theyfeedonreefs,whicharedyinginhotterseas.Theylayeggsonbeachesthatarebeingcoveredbyrisingseasandmoreviolentwaves.
Moreuniquelytheirgender(性别)isdetermined,notbygenesbutbytheegg’stemperatureduringdevelopment.Smallrisesinbeachtemperaturescanresultinail-femalepopulations,obviouslyproblematicforsurvival.Ifthesandaroundtheeggshits30degreesCelsius,thegenderbalanceshitstofemales:
atabout32degreestheyareallfemale.Above34,yougetboiledeggs.
Onsomenestingbeaches,scientistsareartificiallycoolingnestswithshadeorirrigationandtryingtoprotectbroaderareasofcoastalpropertyfromdevelopmenttoensurethatturtleshaveaplacetonestastheseasrise.
1.Whydoestheresorttownstoppromotingit’sturtletourism?
A.Itdecidesnottodisturbtheturtles’normallife.
B.Touristshavelostinterestinwatchingturtles.
C.Thereareonlyveryfewturtlesnow.
D.Theturtlemuseumwasdestroyedbyahightide.
2.Whichofthefollowingisthemajorfactorintheturtlesendangerment?
A.Thelocalseatinghabit. B.Driftnetfishing.
C.Beachdevelopment. D.Globalwarming.
3.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatscientists .
A.aredoingresearchontheseariseB.aremovingturtlestonewhomes
C.areprotectingturtles’nestsD.aregettingridofseaweeds
4.Thepassageintendsto .
A.introduceaspecialkindofseaturtle
B.explainthemysteryofturtles’eggs
C.showthedangersacertainkindofturtleisfacing
D.attractmorevisitorstoaseaturtlemuseum
【参考答案】1—4、CDCC
较难题目特训:
节能环保类
阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Sometimes,thesimplestideasarethebest.Forexample,toabsorbheatfromthesuntoheatwater,youneedlarge,flat,blacksurfaces.Onewaytodothatistobuildthosesurfacesspecially,ontheroofsofbuildings.Butwhygotoallthattroublewhencitiesarefullofblacksurfacesalready,intheformofasphalt(柏油)roads?
Tenyearsago,thisthoughtcameintothemindofAriandeBondt,aDutchengineer.Hefinallypersuadedhisbosstofollowitup.Theresultisthattheirbuildingisnowheatedinwinterandcooledinsummerbyasystemthatreliesonthesurfaceoftheroadoutside.
Theheat-collectorisasystemofconnectedwaterpipes.Mostofthemrunfromonesideofthestreettotheother,justundertheasphaltroad.Some,however,divedeepintotheground.
Whenthestreetsurfacegetshotinsummer,waterpumpedthroughthepipespicksupthisheatandtakesitundergroundthroughoneofthedivingpipes.Atadepthof100metresliesanaturalaquifer(蓄水层)intowhichseveralheatexchangers(交换器)havebeenbuilt.Theh
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