张晓芬计算机英语教材答案.docx
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张晓芬计算机英语教材答案.docx
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张晓芬计算机英语教材答案
目录
UNIT1ProgrammingLanguage2
1-2-2Exercises2
UNIT2OperatingSystem4
2-2-2Exercises4
UNIT3Database5
3-2-2Exercises5
UNIT4ComputerNetwork7
4-2-2Exercises7
UNIT5SoftwareEngineering9
5-2-2Exercises9
UNIT6Middleware10
6-2-2Exercises10
UNIT7EmbeddedSystem12
7-2-2Exercises12
UNIT1ProgrammingLanguage
1-2-2Exercises
.TheSingleItemChoice
1.whatisthefirstprogramminglanguage?
A
A.usingholesinpunchedcard
B.usingTuringmachine
C.FORTRANlanguage
D.usingamagneticdrum
2.whoproposedtheAnalyticalEngine?
C
A.AdaLovelace
B.LuigiMenabrea
C.CharlesBabbage
D.HermanHollerith
3.whichstatementiscorrectbelow?
D
A.Logiccouldonlyberepresentedwithnumbers
B.Logiccouldnotberepresentedwithnumbers
C.Logiccouldonlyberepresentedwithwords
D.Logicnotonlycouldberepresentedwithnumbersbutalsowithwords.
4.whyisthefirstmodernprogramminglanguagehardtoidentify?
B
A.Becausenooneknowswhichprogramminglanguageisgoodforuse.
B.Becausetheprogramsweremorehardware-dependent.
C.Becausethereexistmanyprogramminglanguages.
D.Becausetheprogramminglanguagehasnothingtodowithhardware.
5.Tosomepeople,whatcanconfirmthefirstmodernprogramminglanguage?
A
A.howmuchpowerandhuman-readabilityisrequired
B.punchholesonaplayerpianoscroll
C.hardware
D.domain-specificlanguage
.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:
scriptinglanguage,client-side,first-classfunctions,site-specific,Webpages,multi-paradigm,implement,server-side,desktopwidgets,namingconventions
JavaScript(sometimesabbreviatedJS)isaprototype-basedscriptinglanguagethatisdynamic,weaklytypedandhasfirst-classfunctions.Itisamulti-paradigmlanguage,supportingobject-oriented,imperative,andfunctionalprogrammingstyles.
JavaScriptwasformalizedintheECMAScriptlanguagestandardandisprimarilyusedintheformofclient-sideJavaScript,implementedaspartofaWebbrowserinordertogiveenhanceduserinterfacesanddynamicwebsites.Thisenablesprogrammaticaccesstocomputationalobjectswithinahostenvironment.
JavaScript'suseinapplicationsoutsideWebpages—forexampleinPDFdocuments,site-specificbrowsers,anddesktopwidgets—isalsosignificant.NewerandfasterJavaScriptVMsandframeworksbuiltuponthem(notablyNode.js)havealsoincreasedthepopularityofJavaScriptforserver-sidewebapplications.
JavaScriptusessyntaxinfluencedbythatofC.JavaScriptcopiesmanynamesandnamingconventionsfromJava,butthetwolanguagesareotherwiseunrelatedandhaveverydifferentsemantics.ThekeydesignprincipleswithinJavaScriptaretakenfromtheSelfandSchemeprogramminglanguages.
.Read&Translate
1.TheJacquardloom,inventedin1801,usedholesinpunchedcardstorepresentsewingloomarmmovementsinordertogeneratedecorativepatternsautomatically.
发明于1801年的雅卡尔织布机利用打孔卡上的孔表示缝纫织机手臂的动作,以便自动织出装饰性的图案。
2.HermanHollerithrealizedthathecouldencodeinformationonpunchcardswhenheobservedthattrainconductorsencodetheappearanceoftheticketholdersonthetrainticketsusingthepositionofpunchedholesonthetickets.
当赫尔曼·霍尔瑞斯注意到火车售票员利用在车票上打孔的方式表达持票人到达了车站,他意识到可以将信息编码到打孔卡上。
3.However,unlikethelambdacalculus,Turing'scodedoesnotservewellasabasisforhigher-levellanguages—itsprincipaluseisinrigorousanalysesofalgorithmiccomplexity.
然而,与λ演算不同,图灵编码不能为高级语言提供一个很好的基础——它的首要作用是对算法的复杂性进行严格分析。
4.Theuseofamagneticdrumformemorymeantthatcomputerprogramsalsohadtobeinterleavedwiththerotationsofthedrum.
使用磁鼓作为存储器意味着计算机程序也要随着磁鼓的旋转而交错进行。
5.Tosomepeople,whatwasthefirstmodernprogramminglanguagedependsonhowmuchpowerandhuman-readabilityisrequiredbeforethestatusof"programminglanguage"isgranted.
“编程语言”的地位被确定下来之前,对某些人来说,最先进编程语言的判断标准建立在对其能力和可读性的需求之上。
UNIT2OperatingSystem
2-2-2Exercises
.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:
operatingsystem,pointingdevice,point-and-clickdevice,pull-down,activewindow,manipulate,cursor,workenvironment,icons
Windows,incomputerscience,isapersonalcomputeroperatingsystemsoldbyMicrosoftCorporationthatallowsuserstoentercommandswithapoint-and-clickdevice,suchasamouse,insteadofakeyboard.TheWindowsoperatingsystemprovidesuserswithagraphicaluserinterface(GUI),whichallowsthemtomanipulatesmallpictures,calledicons,onthecomputerscreentoissuecommands.Windowsisthemostwidelyusedoperatingsystemintheworld.ItisanextensionofandreplacementforMicrosoft’sDiskOperatingSystem(MS-DOS).
TheWindowsGUIisdesignedtobeanatural,orintuitive,workenvironmentfortheuser.WithWindows,theusercanmoveacursoraroundonthecomputerscreenwithamouse.Bypointingthecursoraticonsandclickingbuttonsonthemouse,theusercanissuecommandstothecomputertoperformanaction,suchasstartingaprogram,accessingadatafile,orcopyingadatafile.Othercommandscanbereachedthroughpull-downorclick-onmenuitems.Thecomputerdisplaystheactiveareainwhichtheuserisworkingasawindowonthecomputerscreen.Thecurrentlyactivewindowmayoverlapwithotherpreviouslyactivewindowsthatremainopenonthescreen.ThistypeofGUIissaidtoincludeWIMPfeatures:
windows,icons,menus,andpointingdevice(suchasamouse).
.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
beresponsiblefor对……负责
externaldevice外部设备
processsynchronization进程同步
inter-processcommunication进程间通信
efficientutilization综合利用
givepriorityto给……优先权
preemptivescheduling优先式排序
concurrentusers并发用户
multiusersystem多用户系统
Interchangeably可交换地
干扰interference
可寻址的addressable
数据存储库datarepository
解除分配deallocate
按优先排序prioritize
干预intervention
多重处理multiprocessing
多任务处理multitasking
多线程multithreading
同时simultaneously
.Read&Translate
1.UnlikeMicrosoft'sWindowsCE(WindowsPhone)andGoogle'sAndroid,AppledoesnotlicenseiOSforinstallationonnon-Applehardware.
不同于微软公司的WindowsCE系统(WindowsPhone)和谷歌公司的安卓系统,苹果公司不许可非苹果公司出产的硬件系统上安装iOS系统。
2.Ithada23%shareofthesmart-phoneoperatingsystemunitssoldinthefirstquarterof2012,behindonlyGoogle'sAndroid.
它在2012年第一季度销售的智能手机中占据了23%的份额,仅次于谷歌公司的安卓系统。
3.InteractionwiththeOSincludesgesturessuchasswipe,tap,pinch,andreversepinch,allofwhichhavespecificdefinitionswithinthecontextoftheiOSoperatingsystemanditsmulti-touchinterface.
与OS系统交互的方式包括各种手势,例如手指在屏幕上滑动,轻点,以及手指间开合,这些动作所表达的意义都可以在iOS系统及其多点触控界面内进行定义。
4.IniOS,therearefourabstractionlayers:
theCoreOSlayer,theCoreServiceslayer,theMedialayer,andtheCocoaTouchlayer.
在iOS系统中,有四个抽象层:
核心操作系统层,核心服务层,媒体层,以及CocoaTouch层。
5.Thecurrentversionoftheoperatingsystem(iOS5.1.1)dedicates1-1.5GBofthedevice'sflashmemoryforthesystempartition,usingroughly800MBofthatpartition(varyingbymodel)foriOSitself.
当前版本的操作系统(iOS5.1.1)为系统分区提供1-1.5GB的闪存空间,其中使用大约800MB(因不同型号而已)是提供给iOS本身的。
UNIT3Database
3-2-2Exercises
.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:
digitalimages,animation,digitallibraries,transmission,storeddata,inherentqualities,traditionaldatabases,hugeamount,functionalities,multimedia-related
Multimediadatatypicallymeansdigitalimages,audio,video,animationandgraphicstogetherwithtextdata.Theacquisition,generation,storageandprocessingofmultimediadataincomputersandtransmissionovernetworkshavegrowntremendouslyintherecentpast.
Thehugeamountofdataindifferentmultimedia-relatedapplicationswarrantedtohavedatabasesasdatabasesprovideconsistency,concurrency,integrity,securityandavailabilityofdata.Fromanuserperspective,databasesprovidefunctionalitiesfortheeasymanipulation,queryandretrievalofhighlyrelevantinformationfromhugecollectionsofstoreddata.
MultiMediaDatabases(MMDBs)havetocopeupwiththeincreasedusageofalargevolumeofmultimediadatabeingusedinvarioussoftwareapplications.Theapplicationsincludedigitallibraries,manufacturingandretailing,artandentertainment,journalismandsoon.Someinherentqualitiesofmultimediadatahavebothdirectandindirectinfluenceonthedesignanddevelopmentofamultimediadatabase.MMDBsaresupposedtoprovidealmostallthefunctionalities,atraditionaldatabaseprovides.Apartfromthose,aMMDBhastoprovidesomenewandenhancedfunctionalitiesandfeatures.MMDBsarerequiredtoprovideunifiedframeworksforstoring,processing,retrieving,transmittingandpresentingavarietyofmediadatatypesinawidevarietyofformats.Atthesametime,theymustadheretonumericalconstraintsthatarenormallynotfoundintraditionaldatabases.
.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
randomassortment随机分类
preconceived预想的
recommendation推荐
illustrate说明
essentialpart基本部分
enterprise企业
fixed-format固定格式
avastmajorityof绝大多数
indetail详细地
bedistinguishablefrom可与……区别
检索retrieval
一致的coherent
典型的representative
购买purchase
库存inventory
零售商retailer
根本的underlying
概念上的conceptual
属性attribute
可扩展的extensible
.Read&Translate
1.Themostcommonwayinwhichusersinteractwithdatabasesisthroughanapplicationprogramthatprovidesauserinterfaceatthefrontend,andinterfaceswithadatabaseatthebackend.
建立用户和数据库交互的最普遍方式是通过软件在前端建立一个用户界面,并在后端建立一个连接数据库的接口。
2.
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