英语六级考试模拟试题及答案5.docx
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英语六级考试模拟试题及答案5.docx
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英语六级考试模拟试题及答案5
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:
PreciousWater.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:
1.举例说明水对人类的重要性
2.举例说明我国所面临的水资源问题
3.为了生存和发展人们要……
PreciousWater
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
Pollution:
ALifeandDeathIssue
OneofthemainthemesofPlanetunderPressureisthewaymanyoftheEarth'senvironmentalcrisesreinforceoneanother.Pollutionisanobviousexample-wedonothavetheoptionofgrowingfood,orfindingenoughwater,onasqueaky-cleanplanet,butononeincreasinglytarnishedandtrashedbythewaywehaveuseditsofar.
Cuttingwasteandclearinguppollutioncostmoney.Yettimeandagainitisthequestforwealththatgeneratesmuchofthemessisthefirstplace.LivinginawaythatislessdamagingtotheEarthisnoteasy,butitisvital,becausepollutionispervasiveandoftenlife-threatening.
Air:
theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysthreemillionpeoplearekilledworldwidebyoutdoorairpollutionannuallyfromvehiclesandindustrialemissions,and1.6millionindoorsthroughusingsolidfuel.Mostareinpoorcountries.
Water:
diseasescarriedinwaterareresponsiblefor80%ofillnessesanddeathsindevelopingcountries,killingachildeveryeightseconds.Eachyear2.1millionpeoplediefromdiarrhoeal(痢疾的)diseasesassociatedwithpoorwater.
Soil:
contaminatedlandisaprobleminindustrializedcountries,whereformerfactoriesandpowerstationscanleavewastelikeheavymetalsinthesoil.Itcanalsooccurindevelopingcountries,sometimesusedfordumpingpesticides.Agriculturecanpollutelandwithpesticides,nitrate-richfertilizersandslurryfromlivestock.Andwhenthecontaminationreachesriversitdamageslifethere,andcanevencreatedeadzonesoffthecoast,asintheGulfofMexico.
ChronicProblem
Chemicalsareafrequentpollutant.WhenwethinkofchemicalcontaminationitisoftenimagesofeventslikeBhopalthatcometomind.Buttheproblemiswidespread.Onestudysays7~20%ofcancersareattributabletopoorairandpollutioninhomesandworkplaces.TheWHO,concernedaboutchemicalsthatpersistandbuildupinthebody,especiallyintheyoung,sayswemay"beconductingalarge-scaleexperimentwithchildren'shealth".
Someman-madechemicals,endocrine(内分泌)disruptorslikephthalates(酞酸盐)andnonylphenol-abreakdownproductofspermicides(杀精子剂),cosmeticsanddetergents-areblamedforcausingchangesinthegenitalsofsomeanimals.Affectedspeciesincludepolarbears-sonoteventheArcticisimmune.Andthechemicalsclimbthefoodchain,fromfishtomammals,andtous.
About70,000chemicalsareonthemarket,witharound1,500newonesappearingannually.Atleast30,000arethoughtnevertohavebeencomprehensivelytestedfortheirpossibleriskstopeople.
Atfirstglance,theplasticbucketsstackedinthecorneroftheenvironmentalNGOofficelooklikeanyothers.Butthecontainersareanunlikelyweaponinonepoorcommunity'sfightagainstoilcompanieswhichtheysayareresponsibleforwidespreadill-healthcausedbyyearsofpollution.Thevesselsareusedbyanetworkoflocalvolunteers,knownastheBucketBrigade,togatherairsamplesinneighborhoodsborderingoilrefineries,aspartofacampaigntomonitoranddocumentairpollutionwhichtheybelieveiscomingfromtheplants.
InSouthAfrica,asinmanydevelopingandnewlyindustrializedcountries,legislationonairpollutionhasfailedtokeeppacewithmushroomingindustries.Solocalresidents,likemanyinpoorcommunitiesaroundtheglobe,havefacedtheproblemofinvestigatingtheirclaimthatindustriesontheirdoorstepsaremakingthemsick.
Trade-off
Butthesnagisthatmodernsocietydemandsmanyofthem,andsomeareessentialforsurvival.Sowhileweinvoketheprecautionaryprinciple,whichalwaysrecommendserringonthesideofcaution,wehavetorecognizetherewillbetrade-offstobemade.
ThepesticideDDTdoesgreatdamagetowildlifeandcanaffectthehumannervoussystem,butcanalsobeeffectiveagainstmalaria(疟疾).Wheredoestheprioritylie?
Theindustrializedworldhasnotyetcleanedupthemessitcreated,butitisreapingthebenefitsofthepollutionithascaused.Itcanhardlytellthedevelopingcountriesthattheyhavenorighttofollowsuit.
Anothercomplicationintacklingpollutionisthatitdoesnotrespectpoliticalfrontiers.ThereisaU.N.conventionontrans-boundaryairpollution,butthatcannotcovereveryproblemthatcanarisebetweenneighbors,orbetweenstateswhichdonotshareaborder.Perhapsthebestexampleisclimatechange-thecountriesoftheworldshareoneatmosphere,andwhatonedoescanaffecteveryone.
ForOneandAll.
Oneoftheprinciplesthataresupposedtoapplyhereissimple-thepolluterpays.Sometimesitisobviouswhoistoblameandwhomustpaytheprice,butitisnotalwaysstraightforwardtoworkoutjustwhoisthepolluter,orwhethertherestofuswouldbehappytopaythepriceofstoppingthepollution.
Onewayofcleaningupafterourselveswouldbetothrowlessaway,designingproductstoberecycledorevenjusttolastlonger.
Previousgenerationsworkedontheassumptionthatdiscardingourwastewasaproperwaytogetridofit,soweusedtodumpnuclearmaterialsandotherpotentialhazardsatsea,confidenttheywouldbedispersedinthedepths.
Wenowthinkthatistooriskybecause,asoneauthorwrote,"there'snosuchplaceas'away',andthere'snosuchpersonasthe'other'."
IrritatingAir
Despiterecentimprovements,however,thehealthproblemsarestillthere.A2002medicalstudy,carriedoutbyDurban'sNelsonMandelaSchoolofMedicineandaU.S.university,foundthatanabnormallyhigh52%ofstudentsandteachersataprimaryschoolborderingtheEngenplantsufferedfromasthma(哮喘).Itfoundthatincreasesinairpollutiontendedtoaggravateasthmasymptomsinchildren.
Thepetrolproducersdonotdisputethefindingsbutarguethatresearcherswereunabletoestablishacausallinkbetweenairpollutionandthehighprevalenceofasthmaamongtheschoolpopulation.
Forthecommunity,thenextstepistotakelegalaction.But,accordingtointernationallyrecognizedenvironmentalistBobbyPeek,targetingthecompanieswouldbedifficultasitwouldbenear-impossibletoprovethatillnessessufferedwerecausedbypollutioncomingfromaparticularplant.
Mr.Peek,whogrewupbeneathEngen'sstacks,saystheactivistsarenowconsideringtakingactionagainsttheauthorities."Wearenowlookingatsuingthegovernmentonconstitutionalgrounds,forfailingtoensureourrighttoprotectionfromaharmfulenvironmentasstipulatedintheconstitution,"hesaid.
LegislativeChange
Anewbatch(批)ofenvironmentallaws,theNationalAirQualityManagementAct,hasjustbeenpassedbytheSouthAfricanparliamenttoreplaceoutdated1965legislationwithtightercontrolsandtoughersanctions.
MartinusvanSchalkwyk,theministerofenvironmentalaffairsandtourism,visitedthesouthDurbanbasinearlierthisyearandsaidthereweremeasuresinplacetoimprovethesituation."Isharetheangerandfrustrationofthiscommunity.Itislongoverdue,"hetoldtheSouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporation.
Thelocalauthoritieshavealsoestablisheda"Multi-PointPlan"forthearea.Theysayitisapowerfulmodelfortacklingpollutionandpointstoa40%reductioninsulphurdioxideemissionsinrecentyears.
1.AccordingtoWorldHealthOrganization,howmanypeoplearekilledbyoutdoorairpollution?
[A]3million
[B]2.1million
[C]1.6million
[D]3.2million
2.Landcanbepollutedby________fromagriculture.
[A]heavymetals
[B]pesticidesandnitrate-poorfertilizers
[C]slurryfromlivestock
[D]rubbish
3.Whatkindofanimalaffectedbyman-madechemicalsisnotreferredinthepassage?
[A]Polarbears.
[B]Mammals.
[C]People.
[D]Birds.
4.Whatdolocalresidentsclaimfor?
[A]Theyaresickbecauseofyearsofpollution.
[B]Theyaresickbecauseofindustriesontheirdoorsteps.
[C]Theyaresickbecauseofpesticidesfromagriculture.
[D]Theyaresickbecauseofairpollution.
5.ThepesticideDDTcanbeeffectiveagainst________.
[A]malaria
[B]wildlife
[C]animals
[D]humannervoussystem
6.ThereisaU.N.conventionthatcancover________.
[A]problembetweenneighbors
[B]problembetweenstateswhichdonotshareaborder
[C]problemsonairpollution
[D]trans-boundaryairpollution
7.Whatisnotsaidtobeawayofcleaningupafterourselves?
[A]Throwlessaway.
[B]Designrecycledproducts.
[C]Don'tuseitagain.
[D]Lastlonger.
8.Itfoundthatincreasesinairpollutiontendedto________________________.
9.AccordingtoBobbyPeek,targetingthecompanieswouldbedifficultasitwouldbenear-impossibletoprovethatillnessessufferedwerecausedby________________________.
10.MartinusvanSchalkwyk,theministerofenvironmentalaffairsandtourism,visitedthesouthDurbanbasinearlierthisyearandsaidthereweremeasuresinplaceto________________________.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversati
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