国际商务英语的翻译.docx
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国际商务英语的翻译.docx
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国际商务英语的翻译
OntheFeaturesofBusinessEnglishandMutualTranslationBetweenBusinessEnglishandBusinessChinese
I.Introduction
WiththeeconomicglobalizationandChina'sentryintoWTO,internationalcommercialactivitiesaremorecloselyunited.Hence,businesshasgainedincreasingpopularity.BusinessEnglishisthemaincommunicativelanguageintheforeigneconomicactivitiesinourcountry,anditstranslationplaysabridgeroleintheseactivities.However,thereisaconflictbetweenpersonneldemandandsupplyinbusinessEnglishtranslation,partlybecauseoftheinsufficiencyofthetrainingpowerofthesocietyandpartlybecauseoflargequantityandhighqualityrequirementofsuchpersonnel.TheyhavetounderstandthelinguisticcharacteristicsandexpressionstylesinbusinessEnglishaswellasmasterbusinessknowledge.Thepeculiarwaysofcommunicationandinformationconveyanceinbusinessandthepeculiarfunctionofbusinesstranslationdistinctfromthatofliterarytranslationleadtoitsdistincttranslationcriteria.ThisthesisistofinddifferencesofbusinesslanguagebetweenChineseandEnglish,tofindthetranslatingregularitiesofbusinessEnglishbyanalyzingthecharacteristics/featuresofit,andtodiscussthecriteriaofbusinessEnglish,whichcanhelppeopledowellinthemutualtranslationbetweenbusinessEnglishandbusinessChinese.
II.TheDefinitionofBusinessEnglish
BusinessEnglishisatypeofstandardEnglishadaptedtospecificbusinesspurposesandisavaluableinstrumentincountlessdailybusinesstransactions.Itincludesthetechnologytransfer,foreigntrade,andintroductionofforeigninvestment,internationalfinancing,internationaltourism,andinternationaltransportation.
Nowadays,alargenumberofpeopleconfuseEnglishinbusinessandthatinforeigntrade.Soatthebeginning,itisessentialtounderstandthetwoconceptsandtheirrelations.
Foreigntradeisjustrelatedtodomestictrade,anditreferstotheexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountrywiththatproducedinanother.TheEnglishinvolvedinthisfieldiscalledforeigntradeEnglish.
FromthedefinitionofbusinessEnglishandforeigntradeEnglishabove,weknowthatforeigntradeEnglishisonlyabranchofbusinessEnglish.
III.FeaturesofBusinessEnglish
BusinessEnglishisdifferentfromcommonEnglish.Itoftenemploysprecisewordsandfixedstructurestoconveyconciseinformation.Itslanguageisasaccurateandcompleteasscientificlanguage,andasappropriateandsufficientaslegaldocumentarylanguage.BusinessEnglishhasthefollowingsignificantfeatures.
A.GeneralFeaturesofSpokenandWrittenBusinessEnglish
SpokenbusinessEnglishandwrittenbusinessEnglisharealsodifferent.WordsandphrasesinspokenbusinessEnglishareinformalandcolloquial,andsentencesaresimpleinstructure.Thereisnoavoidingwithpause,incompleteutterances,suddenchangesofdirection,gesture,repetitionandsooninspokenbusinessEnglishwhileinwrittenbusinessEnglish,wordsareformal,nounphrasestendtobecomelongandcomplicatedandsentencesareusuallycomplexinstructure.
Example1:
BelowisadialoguebetweenMr.D.Miller,asalesmanagerfromanAmericantradecompanyandMr.LifromaChineseforeigntradecorporation.
Mr.Li:
Mr.Miller,IalreadyreceivedyourEmailinquiringforcotton,2001crop.
Mr.Miller:
Youalreadygotthat?
Great!
Haveyouworkedonit?
Mr.Li:
Yes,I’ammakingyouanoffer.
Mr.Miller:
Great!
Ihopeitisafavorone.
Mr.Li:
Ihopeyouwouldthinkthisofferisgoodtoourmutualbenefits.Forcottonof2001crop,weareofferingfor50metrictonsatUS$550permetricton,CIFLiverpool.
Mr.Miller:
CanyouconsiderofferingitonFOBterm?
Wehaveagreementswithshippinglinesandinsurancecompaniesatourend.Wecangetgoodratesfromthem.Wewouldliketoarrangeshipmentandinsurancebyourselves.
Mr.Li:
Ok,that’sfinewithus.Thepriceshouldbelower.WeofferUS$510perton.
Mr.Miller:
AsIknow,510dollarsareroughly20dollarsabovethecurrentworldmarket.Doyouthinkit’spossibleforyoutomakeareduction.
Mr.Li:
Mr.Miller.Consideringthequalityofourgoods,Iassureyouthatthisisthebestofferyoucangetfromanysupplierssincethemarketisstrengthening.Istronglyrecommendyouacceptthisoffer.
Mr.Miller:
Well,Ineedsometimetothinkaboutit.I’lldiscussthiswithyouagaininafewdays.
Mr.Li:
that’sok.Ishouldletyouknowthatthisofferisnotfinal.It’ssubjecttothegoodsbeingunsold.Ihopeyou’llmakeadecisionsoon.
Mr.Miller:
Isee.I’lltalktoyoulater.
Example2:
Thereisanoticebelowissuedbytheopeningbank.
DearSirs,
OninstructionsfromBrownandSons,receivedthroughourHongKongoffice,wehaveopenedanirrevocableL/CforUS$2,000inyourfavor,validuntil30thNovembernext.Youhaveauthoritytodrawonusat60days’sightagainstthiscreditfortheamountofyourinvoiceuponshipmentof2000tonsofsteeltoBrownandSons.
Yourdraftmustbeaccompaniedbythefollowingdocuments,whicharetobedeliveredtousagainstouracceptanceofthedraft:
Billsofladingintriplicate,commercialInvoice,InsuranceCertificateandCertificateoforigin.
Providedyoufulfillthetermsofthecreditwewillacceptandpayatmaturitythedraftpresentedtousunderthiscreditandifrequired,providediscountingfacilitiesatcurrentrates.
Yoursfaithfully
Analysis:
1.Inthefirstexample,manysimpleandinformalwordsareemployed(thewordsconsistmainlyofmonosyllablesanddisyllableswithalotofinterjections,thefirstoneiscolloquial.)whileinthesecondonemanycomplexandformalwordsappear.
2.Inthefirstone,thesimplesentencesoccupythemajorbodywhileinthecorrespondingonethesubordinateclausesaremainlyused,thesentencesarelongandcomplete.
Thefirstpassageismuchmoreinformalthanthesecondoneinthechoiceofwordsandtheorganizationofsentences.Thefactisthatthefirstoneisinspokenform,andthesecondinwrittenform,allthoughtheybothbelongtobusinessEnglishandbothhaveanumberofspecialterms(suchasinquiry询盘,offer报盘、报价,favorable优惠的,CIF到岸价,FOB离岸价,andmetricton公吨inthefirstone;L/C信用证,infavorof以......为收款人,maturity到期,documents单据,draft汇票,billoflading提单,authority权利,discount贴现,at60days’sight见票60天付款,InsuranceCertificate保险单,CertificateofOrigin原产地证明书,term条款,rate汇率inthesecondone)bothhavetheirownfeatures.Itiswidelyagreedthatwrittenbusinessis,tosomedegree,morecomplicatedandformalinusingwordsandmakingsentences.SpokenbusinessEnglishisinteractive;bothpartiesbeingface–to-facethereforemaychoosesimpleorevencolloquialwordsinordertoeasilyunderstandeachother.
Ascanbeseen,featureA.isverygeneralbecauseitexistsnotonlyinbusinessEnglish,butalsoinEnglishforotherpurposesandeveninanyspokenandwrittenlanguage.Imentionitherebecauselotsofpeoplehavethemisunderstandingthattheythinkbusinessactivitiesareveryspecialandsothinkthatthelanguagesusedshouldbeformaleveninspokenform.
B.SpecialKnowledgeBackgroundofOtherRelevantFields
Obviously,businessEnglishismainlyaboutEnglishusedincommerce.Inabroadsense,itinvolvesknowledgeinbanksystem,insurance,accountant,foreigntrade,tax,financeandsoon.SoitisnoteasyforapersonwhohasnocommonknowledgeofthesefieldstounderstandbusinessEnglishanditisalsodifficultforhimtotranslatebusinessEnglishwell.Hereareseveralexamples:
Example1:
ThankyouforyourinquiryofMarch15forourcomputer,inreplyofwhichwearepleasedtoofferyoufirmthesegoodsStg.$5000CIFNewYorkforJuneshipmentsubjecttoyourreplyreachingherebyApril25.
Example2:
贵方的订单是以离岸价为准的.然而贵方的信用证却以包括运费在内的到岸价为准,如此以来发票上的金额总数和贵方所要求的总数会有出入.因此请将贵方信用证的金额改以离岸价为准.
Inthistwoexamples,“inquiry”,“CIF”,“离岸价”,“到岸价”,“发票”and“信用证”areallterminologiesinforeigntrade.
Example3:
本合同规定美元的价值由议付日中国银行公布的、美元对德国马克、法国法郎的平均买卖汇率的比率来确定。
Thissentenceisahighlytechnicalexpression.IfnotfamiliarwiththeexpressionofbusinessEnglishcontractpayment,atranslatormaynothavetheknowledgeoftheterms:
“议付日”、“美元对德国马克”、“汇率”.Heisevenpuzzledaboutthephrasesintheversionbellow:
本合同规定:
underthiscontract;美元对德国马:
USdollarsagainstDeutschemarks.
Version:
ThevalueofUSdollarsunderthiscontractisdeterminedbytheratioofthemeanbuyingandsellingratesofUSdollarsagainstDeutschemarksandFrenchFrancspublishedbythebankofChinaonthedayofnegotiation.
ThisfeatureofbusinessEnglishrequiresthetranslatorhaveasystematicknowledgeofthefieldsmentionedabove.ItisverybasicifheintendstodowellinbusinessEnglishtranslation.
C.WordingFeature
ThenatureofinternationalworkdecidescommonlyseenwordsandfewmodifiersinbusinessEnglish,thisisbecauseinternationalbusinessactivitiespaymoreattentiontoefficiencythancommonwork:
noorscarcemodifiershelptoexpressthecontent.Onthecontrary,seldomseenwordsonlybringbarrierstoeachother'scommunicationandsoarenotlikedbybusinessmen.Fromthefollowingbusinesswordsorphrases,wecanseethatEnglishissimplerthanourChineseinbusinessfield.
⑴恕不讲价:
oneprice(fixedprice)
⑵年终大甩卖:
year-endsale
⑶一条龙服务:
door-to-doorservice
⑷货物出门,概不退换:
allsalesarefinal
⑸六折大减价:
40%discount
⑹亲临洽谈业务:
face-to-facediscussion
AsthefamousAmericantranslatingtheoristNidasays:
“Translationisinfactcommunication”.1WecanseethatbusinessEnglishwithsimple,commonlyseenwordsenhanceitscommunicativefunctionandspeedupthespreadofinformation.The
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