工程英语专业词汇.docx
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工程英语专业词汇.docx
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工程英语专业词汇
过渡词:
1首先:
first\firstly\firstofall\tobeginwith2第二、此外、其次、况且:
second\secondly\and\besides\moreover\additionally\furthermore\what'smore\inaddition3最后:
finally\last\lastly其它过渡词:
1最重要的是:
aboveall\mostimportantofall\lastbutnottheleast2总之、简而言之:
inconclusion\insummary\toconclude\tosumup\inshort\inaword3综上所述:
fromtheforegoing\fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove\fromwhathasbeenmentionedabout\fromtheaboveanalysis
Firstofall,首先Firstly,…Secondly,...Thirdly,…第一,第二,第三First,…Then,…Finally,…首先,其次,最后Inthefirstplace,首先Tobeginwith,…Next,…Finally,…首先,其次,最后Besides此外Furthermore,此外Inaddition,此外Inparticular,特别地Moreover,此外Whatismore另外Ashasbeennoted,如前所述AsIhavesaid,如我所述Inbrief,简言之Inconclusion,总之Inshort,简言之Insummary,总之Tosumup,总之Eventually,…最后Fromthispointofview,…从这个观点来看Inmyopinion,…以我看来Insummary,…总而言之Onaccountofthis,wecanfindthat…由此我们可以发现Onthewhole,…总起来说
1)先后次序关系:
atthistime;first;second;atlast;next;previously;simultaneously同时地;eventually;lastbutnotleast;tobeginwith;tostartwith;toendwith;finally;seeing...由于,因为;sincethen;firstofall;afterwards后来;followingthis;preceding先前的;originally最初的ultimate最终的,极限的,根本的
2)因果关系:
because;becauseofthis;beingthat(口语)既然,因为;anotherimportantfactor/reasonof...;since;as;for;inthat...;owingto由于,通常负面;dueto由于;forthereasonthat...;inviewof鉴于,考虑到resultfrom归因于thereasonseemstobeobvious;thereareabout...;forthisreason;asaresultofthis;therefore;...andso...;consequently所以,因此;asaresult;thus这样,如此,因而;hence因此;so;sothat...;inconsequence结果,结果;asaconsequence;accordingly因此,于是,相应地;inevitably不可避免地;undertheseconditionsthereupon因此于是upon迫近
3)转折关系:
but;evenso;however;though;eventhough;independentof;recklessof不顾;despitethat;inspiteofthat;regardlessof不顾;yet...;andyet;butunless.Nonetheless尽管如此
4.并列关系:
and;also;too;aswellas;either...,or...;both...and...
5)(补充)递进关系:
furthermore此外,而且;moreover而且,此外;further进一步地,此外;Inthisway;still;notonly...butalso...;not...but...;inaddition(to);additionally,muchmoreinteresting,morespecifically更具体地说,next,besides;asfaras...isconcerned至于;moreover此外;inotherwords;
alongthislineofconsideration;on(the)onehand...在一方面,ontheotherhand...;even;asasayinggoes...;inordertodoit...;meanwhile同时;atthesametime;accordingly因此;Inthefirstplace...,inthesecondplace...;equallyimportant;ofevengreaterappeal.
6)比较关系:
similarly;inlikemanner,incomparisonwith;whencomparedwith;comparedwith;wheninfact...;like...;likewise同样地,也;similarlyimportant;apartfrom(doing)...;...ratherthan...,bydoingso;both…and...;inthesameway;notonly...but(also).
7)对照(不同点):
yet;still;forallofthat;notwithstanding虽然,尽管;rather当然,的确,宁愿,相当;neither...nor;although;though;but;however;somethingisjusttheotherwayaround;yet;conversely相反的;unlike;opposedto;asopposedtothis与不同;incontrast(to);bywayof;onthecontrary;differentfromthis;nevertheless然而,不过,虽然如此;contraryto;whereas但是,鉴于;while;butontheotherhand
8)举例关系:
forexample;forinstance例如;inthiscase既然假若这样;namely也就是instance例子实例
换句话说;asyouknow;youmayas/say;asheexplains;like;suchas;acaseinpointis一个恰当的例子是...;consider...;inparticular尤其特别;including...;foronething...首先,foranother...;putitsimply;statedroughly粗糙地,概略地;asanillustration,Iwillsay...;agoodexample(of...)wouldbe...;todetailthis,Iwouldliketo...;Itisinterestingtonotethat...;inthissituation;asproof;takethecaseof;takeasexample(something);asfor;asregards;asto;accordingto;onthisoccasion.
9)强调关系:
infact;especially;particularly特别,尤其;moreover(此外);naturally;whatismoreimportant;inreality事实上;certainly;ofcourse;indeed;inparticular;nottomention...;believeitornot;undeniably(无可置疑);otherthingbeingequal;itiscertain/surethat...;tobestrict;tobetrue;bydefinition;definitely明确地,肯定地;undoubtedly;withoutadoubt;intruth,inanyevent(不论怎样);withoutreservation(毫无保留地);obviously,notonly..but(also...),both...and...
10)条件关系:
if;unless;lest;providedthat;ifitisthecase;inthissense;once...;ifpossible;ifnecessary;ifso;ifnotall;ifanything.
11)归纳总结类:
inaword/insum/inshort
inbrief/inconclusion/insummary
therefore因此,所以/hence因此,今后
tosumup/toconclude
theconclusioncanbedrawnthat
forthisreason/onthewhole
12)地点关系:
beyond;oppositeto;adjacent邻近to;atthesameplace;there;over;inthemiddle;around;infrontof;inthedistance;farther;hereandthere;above;below;attheright;between;onthisside.
13)目的关系:
withthisobject无证;forthispurpose;inorderthat;inthisway,since;sothat;onthataccount由于。
。
。
缘故;incase万一;withaviewto考虑到;forthesamereason.
14)重申关系:
inotherwords;thatistosay;asIhavesaid;again;onceagain.
15)结果关系:
accordingly;thus;consequently(因此);hence;therefore;thereupon;inevitably;undertheseconditions;asaresult;asaconsequence;because;becauseof;sothat;notonly...but(also...);so...asto.
16)顺序关系:
first;second;thirdly;next;then;attheoutset(在开始时),followingthis;atthistime;now;atthispoint;after;afterward后来;afterthis;subsequently后来;lastly最终;finally;consequently所以,因此;beforethis;previously;precedingthis;simultaneously同时地;concurrently(同时发生的)
17)时间关系:
atonce;immediately;atlength终于,最后;inthemeantime同时;meanwhile;atthesametime;intheend;then;soon;notlongafter;later;atonce;atlast;finally;sometimeago;atpresent;allofasudden突然;fromthistimeon;fromtimetotime;sincethen;when;whenever;nextpoint;afewminuteslater;formerly;as;once;since;occasionally偶然地;inamoment;shortly立刻;whereupon于是,因此;previouslyHenceforth今后
大梁girder复式桁架complextruss承受withstand拉伸stretch
屈曲buckle断裂break可行的feasible地基土subsoil面板deck
柔性的flexible索cable桥台abutment传递transmit相交intersect
推力thrustTheamountofbridgetraffic桥梁交通流量jammedtraffic
交通堵塞cost费用financing筹款Acquire获取survey勘察Tide潮汐Flood
洪水current水流Bore钻孔samplesofsoilandrock岩土试样Girder
大梁cantilever悬臂梁truss桁架arch拱suspension悬索location
地理位置purposes功用Spanlength跨度Strength强度harmony
协调Alloysteels合金钢Steelwires钢丝tension拉力compression
压力bending弯曲shear剪力torsion扭矩Staticloads静载vehicle
车辆impact冲击vibration振动Dynamicloads动载liveloads
活载tremors地震震动Floatingdebris浮物modeltesting
模型测试Scale-downmodeltest缩尺模型试验Windtunneltests
风洞试验Erect安装cofferdams围堰caissons沉箱piles
桩上部结构superstructure
Falsework脚手架Floatation浮运cantilevering悬lifting提升suspension悬吊signs标识guardrails护栏SeaWorks海洋工程maritimeengineering海事工程Fishingports渔港marinas码头
Reclamationandconservancy填海与保护Maintenance维护estuaries河口Hydraulic水力的Naturalharbor天然海港artificialharbor人工海港Tidalcycle潮汐周期scour冲刷siltation淤积breakwater防波堤Secondarywave次生波Reflectedwave反射波disturbances干扰Bay海湾jetty防波堤
mole防波堤locality地区conservancy保护ruin废墟wharf码头alluvial冲积的destructive破坏的bar沙滩anchorage锚地littoraldrift沿岸漂浮物coast海岸maintain保持beach海滩
frailty弱点craft工艺indestructibility不可破坏性implement执行outlast比…经久durability耐久性ingress入口egress出口underpin支撑dewater排水hydrauliccement水硬性水泥lime石灰dam水坝retain保持discharge流量hydroelectric水电的navigation航行auxiliary辅助的spillways泄洪道gates闸门valves阀门tunnels隧道pipelines管道evacuate开挖reservoir水库
multipurpose多功能的scheme方案conservation保护rockfill填石
masonry砌体monolithic整体式的laterally侧向地buttresses扶壁horizontal水平的abutments墩台Site场地investigation调查boring钻孔strata地层shaft钻杆elasticity弹性permeability渗透性stress应力groundwater地下水assess评估seismic地震hydraulic水力的verify验证instruments仪器pressure压力performance性能emergency紧急情况confirm印证assumption假设equation方程variable变量strain应变FiniteElementAnalysis有限单元分析equilibrium平衡
Tensilestrength抗拉强度compressivestrength抗拉强度support支撑vertical垂直的load荷载concrete砼cement水泥shrink收缩set凝固harden硬化crack开裂cast浇注blend掺和resistance抵抗aggregate骨料fine-grained细颗粒的flyash粉煤灰filler填充剂volume量additive添加剂surface-activeagents表面活化剂air-entrainingagents引气剂water-to-cementratio水灰比cool冷却extract提取vacuum真空Permeable可渗透的resistance抵抗deterioration侵蚀deformation变形seepage渗透quick流砂fluid流体
Earthquake地震seismicallyactiveregion地震活动带stronggroundmotion强地动response响应predict预言
degreeoffreedom自由度damping阻尼Highway公路
maintenance维护financing筹款traffic交通assess评估layout布局capacity容量route线路preliminary初步的alternate备选的detaileddesign详细设计terrain地形traverse横过photogrammetric摄影测量的stage阶段phase阶段evaluation评价Delay延期expressway高速公路coordinate协调preserve保护propose提议blueprints蓝图
earthwork土方工程surfacing路面grading场地平整excavate开挖fill填analyzethegradation颗粒分析compact压缩Surfacing铺面accommodate容纳frequency频率roadway路面sandyclay砂质粘土slag矿碴crushedstone碎石
gravel砾石stabilize稳定subgrade路基roller滚压机soil-cement水泥土bituminous沥青的surfacedrainage地表排水crown路冠shoulder路肩
openditches明沟stormdrainagesystem暴雨排水系
catchbasin集水井runoff径流duration持续时间ponding积水spacing间距precipitation降水量flow水流culvert涵管roughness粗糙度entrance入口downstream下游conduit导管outlet出水口Restfacilities休息设施reststops休息站interstatehighways州际公路access入口noisebarriers隔音墙subgrade路基stakingout放样award授予contract合同
detailedplan详细规划specifications说明layout布置indicate标示settlement沉降vibratory振动的maintenance维护signs路标guardrails护栏trafficstriping交通带retainingwalls挡土墙sideslopes边坡supervising监督Soilmechanics土力学lawsofmechanics力学定律hydraulics水力学aggregate集合mineralgrains矿物颗粒organic有机的constituents成份weathering风化threephases三相composition组成heterogeneity不均匀性deposits沉积土retainingwall挡土墙earthpressure土压力equilibrium平衡cohesion粘聚力plasticity塑性
sand砂土clay粘土
shearing受剪的sliding滑动thesurfaceofrupture破坏面
shearingforce剪力approximation近似cohesivesoils粘性土Curvedsurface曲面thesurfaceofslip滑动面Consolidation固结lag滞后settleme
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