BOOKIII梳理.docx
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BOOKIII梳理.docx
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BOOKIII梳理
BookIIIModule1知识梳理
Languagepoints:
1.face①vt\vi.面对,面向Thebuildingfacesthepark.
Thewindowfacesthestreet.
2面临,面对
We’llhavetofacethefacts—wecan’taffordthishouse.
Facedwithsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.
befacedwith面临,面对eg:
Iwasfacedwithanewproblem.
Inthefaceof面对,在…面前eg:
Shewascalminthefaceofdanger.
facetoface面对面You’dbettertalkwithhimfacetoface.
2.locatevt.确定…的符号,使…坐落于
eg:
Welocatedtheislandonthemap.
Thehospitalistobelocatedinyourtown.
belocatedin=besituatedin=liein
⑴Theinformationofficeis______inthecentreofthecity.
A.locatedB.locateC.locatingD.belocating
3.Theirworkshasinfluencedotherwriterseversince.
①influencevt影响,改变n.影响,有影响的人或物,权利,势力
havebad\goodinfluenceonsb,sth对某人、某物有不良\良好影响
haveinfluenceoverother对别人有影响(由于地位,能力等)
4.eversince从那时以来
Eg:
TheCCTVhasbeenbroadcastingEnglishprogrammeseversince1977.
Hisfirstbookwasagreatsuccessandhe______famousasawritereversince.
A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.were
5.imaginev.想象,常构成以下用法:
-clause
imagineone’sdoingsth\doingsth
sb\sth(tobe)
eg:
Canyouimaginelivingwithoutelectricity?
Don’timagineyourselftobealwayscorrect.
Canyouimaginewhatheisdoing?
Ican’timaginehermarryinghim.
6.Intermsof以…的观点;就…而言
Eg:
Intermsofstyle,thisdressisbetter.
Intermsofquality,thegoodsaren’tgood.
7.oppositeadj.①相对的,对面的②相反的
Theyliveontheoppositesideofthestreet.
Wehaveoppositeviewsonpolitics.
8.on(the)onehand/ontheotherhand
9.havesomecontrolover能控制…
Ateachershouldhavesomecontroloverhisclass.
losecontrolof失去对…的控制underthecontrolof受…控制
10.belongto属于,为…所有
to是借此,不用于被动语态,进行时态。
11.atthemoment此刻,眼下;正当那时
forthemoment目前,暂时foramoment一会儿,片刻
atanymoment在任何时候inamoment一会儿,立刻
atthelastmoment在紧要关头
Grammar:
一.被动语态
语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用以说明主语和谓语之间的关系,英语的语态有两种,主动语态和被动语态。
Ⅰ被动语态的构成:
(1)一般现在时:
is\am\are+动词的过去分词
(2)一般过去时:
was\were+动词的过去分词
(3)现在完成时:
has\have+been+动词的过去分词
(4)一般将来时:
willbe+动词的过去分词
(5)含有情态动词:
情态动词+be+动词的过去分词
II.主动形式表被动意义的几种情况
1.系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,become,fall,get,grow,keep+形容词、名词构成的系表结构。
如:
Thesteelfeelscold.
Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.他的计划被证明很实用。
Ithasgonebad.
2.表开始,结束,运动的词。
如:
begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,
Shut,run,move等。
Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.
Theshopclosesat6pm.everyday.
3.表示主语的某种属性,特征的动词。
如:
read,write,act,cut,draw,drive,
sell,wash,wear,open,cook,clean,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink.这类动词一般不单独使用,常有一个修饰语。
Thiscoatdrieseasily.(这种外衣容易干)
Thedoorwon’tlock(这门锁不上)
Yourspeechreadswell.(你的演说讲的很好)
Yourpenwritessmoothly.(你的笔好用)
Theenginewon’tstart.(擎发动不起来)
Thematchwon’tcatch.(火柴擦不着。
)
Foodcankeepfreshinafridge.
Nyloncleanseasily.(尼龙容易洗干净)
4.介词in,on,under,等+名词构成介词短语表示被动意义。
示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之意,其意义相当于
名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。
常见的有:
undercontrol(受控制),undertreatment(在治疗中),
underrepair(在修理中),underdiscussion在讨论中
underconstruction(在施工中),beyondbelief(令人难以置信),inprint(在印刷中),onshow(展出).beyondone’sreach鞭长莫及beyondone’scontrol无法控制beyondourhope我们始料不及
forsale出售forrent出租inprint在印刷中insight在视野范围内,outofone’sreach够不着outoffashion不流行
Eg:
Thebuildingisunderconstruction(=isbeingconstructed).
Thathouseisforsale(=Thathouseistobesold)
Thebookisnotyetinprint(=isnotyetprinted)
Todaysometreasureareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed)
Theplanewasoutofcontrol(=can’tbecontrolled).
5.表示“需要”的词need,require,want表示某物需要被…,可用其主动形式表被动含义。
Thebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired
Yourhairwantscutting/tobecut.
6.形容词worth后+doing主动表被动
Thenovelisworthreading.
二.主谓一致
1.语法一致原则:
①单数名词、代词、不可数名词、单个动名词、不定式、名词从句做主语时,谓语东单数。
Hisadviceisuseful.
Howtosolvetheseproblemsistobediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.
Makingtestsisawaytofindoutanswerstoquestions.
Whetherhehelpsmewithitdoesn’tmattertoomuch.
当主语是and,both…and连接的并列结构时谓语动词用复数。
但当and连接的并列主语前面分别有each,every,no修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。
(但当what引导的从句作主语时,且表语为名词,谓语动词要和表语保持一致)
Whathesaidisofgreatimportance.
Whathegavemewasonlyanoldgeography.
Whathisfathergavehimwereonlyafewoldbooks.
②一个主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,ratherthan,aswellas,like,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto引导的短语时,谓语不受这些短语的影响,仍与前面的主语保持一致。
Tom,togetherwithMaryandAlice,isgoingtoswimthisafternoon.
Noonebutyourparentswastherethen
③“manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数形式。
Manyaboyandmanyagirllikesit.
2.就近一致原则
①由or,either…or,neither…nor或notonly…butalso连接的并列主语,通常按照就近原则,即谓语动词的单复数形式根据靠近它的主语而定。
EitheryouorIamtoblame.
Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherdoesn’tknowaboutit.
②here,there引导的句子,若有并列主语,谓语也与最近的主语一致。
3.意义一致原则
①and所连接的两个词如指同一主体时,谓语用单数形式
Theteacherandwriterisherfriend.
②有些集体名词,如:
crowd,family,team,group,government,committee,class,school,union,firm,staff,public等如果看作整体,谓语动词用单数,如果指成员用复数。
Hisfamilyisrich.
ThefamilywerehavingdinnerwhenIcalled.
③表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Twentyyearsstandsforalongperiodinone’slife.
Eightydollarsisenoughforastudenttospendonfoodforoneweek.
④“分数、百分数+of短语”作主语时谓语动词根据of后的名词来定
⑤None接不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,接可数名词复数时谓语单复数均可。
Noneofushas(have)beentoBeijing.
Module2知识梳理
Languagepoints:
1.measure①vt.测定,测量,评估
Couldyoumeasuretheheightofthewallforme?
Therainfallwasmeasuredoverathree-monthperiod.
Shewasbeingmeasuredforherweddingdress.
Educationshouldn’tbemeasuredpurelybyexamination.
②[系动词](某物的)尺寸、长度、数量为…
Thatoldtreemustmeasureatleast30metresfromtoptobottom.
③n.措施,尺寸,量度
takemeasurestodosth采取措施做某事
makesthtoone’sownmeasure依照某人的尺寸做…
Theytookstrongmeasurestostoptheriverbeingpolluted.
Letmemakeclothestoyourownmeasure.
2.upto
(1)到……之多,多达(数目)
Upto85%oftheprojecthasbeenfinished.
(2)直到(用于表示时间、职务、地点等的名词前)
Uptonow,IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.
Thewaterisverydeep,uptohisneck.
(3)胜任;适于
Tomisnotreallyuptothatjob.
(4)It’suptoyoutodosth.由某人来决定;做某事是某人的职责
It’suptoustogiveyouallthehelp.我们理应给你帮助。
3.while的用法
①while作名词用,表“一会儿”(forawhile)
②while作从属连词用,在…过程;只要;虽然……但是
③while作从并列连词用,“而”,表对比
Wehadtowaitashortwhileforthebus.
WhileIunderstandyourviewpoint,Idon’tagreewithyou.
You’llwantfornothingwhileIamalive.
Shelikesclassicalmusic,whilehersisterlikessports.
①____________Ireallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.
A.AsB.SinceC.IfD.While
②I’dliketostudylawatuniversity____________mycousinprefersgeography.
A.thoughB.asC.whileD.for
4.betodosth.用法
①不定式作表语,表主语的工作性质等状况
②表将来,表事先同意、安排或计划要做的事
WearetodiscussthereportnextWednesday.
③当不定式作表语时,主语中含有动词do时,“to”常省略
Whathewantstodoisrealizehisdream.
5.makeefforts/every/anefforttodosth努力做某事
make(great)progress取得(很大的)进步
英语中常考查的不可数名词还有:
fun,advice,news,information,weather,equipment,furniture,pressure等
Imadeeveryefforttogetit.
Sparenoeffort不遗余力Withouteffort毫不费力
Heismakinghisgreatest_________________tosucceed.
A.forceB.effortsC.strengthD.energy
6.crowdedadj.拥挤的
Thehallwascrowded.
becrowdedwith被……占满
Hismindwascrowdedwithwhys.
crowdn.人群,观众,听众thecrowd人们
v.聚集在……周围,充满(某空间)
movewith/followthecrowd随大溜
Thetownwascrowded__________________Christmasshoppers.
A.ofB.withC.inD.into
7.expectvt.预料,预期,期待,期望。
①expectsb.todosth.预料某人做某事/期望某人做某事
He’dbeenoutcelebratingandexpectedhisgirlfriendtodrivehimhome.他出去庆祝,一位女朋友会开车送她回家。
Youcan’texpectkidstobequiteallthetime.你不能指望孩子们一直保持安静。
②expect(that)从句…
③asexpected按计划进行
n.expectancy期待期望Isawthelookofexpectancyinthechildren’seyes.
lifeexpectancy平均寿命
8.foroneself亲自,为自己(靠自己,为自己的好处)
Healwaysdoessomecookingforhimself.
byoneself独自一个;单独地(无助,无伴)
9.exchangev.①交换,WestillexchangegiftsatChristmas.
exchangeaddresses/telephonenumbers互留地址/电话号码
②调换eg.Thestorewillnotexchangegoodswithoutareceipt.
这家商店没有发票不予调换商品
③相互做(某事)
exchangelooks/glances对视,互瞥
exchangewords交谈
exchangeinformation/ideas交流信息、想法
n.交换,互换anhonestexchangeofinformation
inexchange作为交换
I’veofferedtopaintthekitcheninexchangeforaweek’saccommodation.
货币的兑换exchangerate汇率,战争交火anexchangeoffire
10.closeadj.(空间、时间)靠近
Theychoseaspotclosetotheriver.
Yourbirthdayisclosetomine.
可能…,即将发生…Thetwocountriesareclosetosigningapeaceagreement.
小心的,严密的takeacloselookatthesuspect
友好的,亲密的closefriendskeepinclosetouchwithsb.
Grammar:
一、让步状语从句
引导词:
although,though,as,nomatter+特殊疑问词、特殊疑问词+ever,whether,evenif,eventhough,while,whereas…
①although多用于句首,多数情况下可与though换用,引导句子不倒装
though可用于句首、句中、句末,引导句子可倒装也可不倒
②as引导从句要到装
eg.Youngasheis,heknowsalot.
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
Strangethoughitmaylook,it’strue.
Objectasyoumay,I’llgo.
(从句中的表语、状语或谓语动词的原形提到句首,如表语是单数可数名词时,前面冠词须省略)
③whether…or/whether…ornot正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。
You’llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou’refreeorbusy.
Ishallgo,whetheryoucomewithmeorstayathome.
Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it’strue.
二、连词
I.并列连词
(1)表示关联表示关联关系的并列连词有:
and,both…and…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,aswellas等。
1)and
用于肯定的并列I’mastudentandheisateacher.
用在动词come,go,run,stay
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- BOOKIII 梳理