初三英语定语从句.docx
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初三英语定语从句.docx
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初三英语定语从句
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:
Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)
Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:
Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)
Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)
3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。
例如:
ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
(作主语)
Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?
(作宾语)
注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
例如:
Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。
(3)that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。
例如:
Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:
a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:
What‘sthatwhichisunderthedesk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:
Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?
---Oh!
It’sMr.Baker,ourmathsteacher.
A.heB.thatC.whomD.which
2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.
A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where
3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.
A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom
4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.
A.whoB.whomC.heD.which
5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.
A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which
6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.
A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when
7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why
8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.
A.whenB.whereC.that
10.Mr.White______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.
A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which
11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.
A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where
13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?
-Yes,he‘sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom
2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone
3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it
4.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.
A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree
6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichwho
7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate
A.who‘sB.whoseC.thatofwhich.
8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.
A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was
定语从句专项练习
1.Sorry,wedon’thavethecoat________youneed.
A.whatB.whoC.whomD.which
2.Thisisthedictionary________Mumgavemeformybirthday.
A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom
3.Doyouknowtheman________issittingbehindNancy?
A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whom
4.Thebook________heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.
A./B.whyC.whenD.what
5.Ihavefoundsomepicturesofthemostinterestingplaces________youcanvisitduringthewinterholidays.
A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that
6.I’dliketotellyouaboutthetablemanners________youshouldknowwhenyouvisitKorea.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.how
7.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears________Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,________hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which
8.Isoxygentheonlygas________helpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
9.Theyoftentalkaboutthingsandpersons_____theyareinterestedin.
A.whoB.thatC.Which
10.---Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?
---Ilikemusic________hasgreatlyrics.
A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whose
11.Thatistheonlything________Iboughtfromthesupermarket.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where
12.Theplace________interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
13.Thecomputer________lastweekhasgonewrong.
A.whichIboughtitB.thatIboughtC.whatIboughtD.Iboughtit
14.Thatisthepoorboy________fatherdiedinatrafficaccidentlastyear.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which
15.Doyouknowthegirl________isstandingunderthetree?
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.where
16.Isthewoman________talkedtoourteacheryesterdayyourmother?
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.what
17.Theyounglady________wemetyesterdayisournewmathsteacher.
A.whatB.whoseC.whomD.which
18.Iliketoliveinahouse________isbigandbright.
A.thatB.whoC.howD.why
19.Ihatepeople________talkmuchbutdolittle.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when
20.Iamoneoftheboys________neverlateforschool.
A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois
21.MrGreen,thereissomeoneatthefrontdesk________wouldliketospeakwithyou.
A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom
22.Ilovethesmallvillage________Iwasborn.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whose
23.Herecomesthegirl________handwritingisthebestinourclass.
A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.who
24.Myparentsusuallybuymesomesimpleclothes________canlastalongtime.
A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose
25.---Isthegirl________isinterviewingthemanagerofthatcompanyyourfriend?
--Yes,sheisajournalistfromCCTV.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose
26.Thisisthefirstgift________Igotfrommyparents.
A.thatB.whichC.what
27.Theboy________wonthefirstprizeiscalledRoy.
A.whenB.whomC.whoD.which
28.Childrenlikehouses________arepaintedindifferentcolours.
A.whichB.theyC.thoseD.what
29.Doyouthinkmoststudentsprefertests________haveeasyquestions?
A.whoB.whereC.thatD.it
30.Iknowthereason______shedidn’tcomeyesterday.
A.WhyB.whatC.how
1.Watchthegirlandherdog________arecrossingthebridge.
A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that
2.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.
A.whichB.hisC.whoseD.ofwhose
3.Johnwastheonlyone____Ihadvisited.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
4.Thatisthetown_______hewasborn.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.Why.
5Finally,thethiefhandedeverything______hehadstolentothepolice.
A.which B.whatC.whatever D.That
1.Iliketheplace_________iswarmallyearround.
A.thatB.whereC.inwhich
2.Heisthepersonwith_______Iliketotalk.
A.whoB.whomC.that
3.Idon’tremembertheplace_______wemeteachother.
A.whereB.thatC.which
4.Mybrotherwillneverforgetthedays______hespentinthecountry.
A.thatB.whereC.when
5.Thatisthegirl_______motherisateacher.A.whoB.whomC.whose
1---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?
---Yes,hedoes.
A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.Who(2004年哈尔滨中考试题)
2.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.
A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that(2004年常州市中考试题)
3.---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?
A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which(2004年扬州市中考试题)
4.Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.
A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who(2004年益阳市中考试题)
1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?
---Oh!
It’sMr.Baker,ourmathsteacher.
A.heB.thatC.whomD.which
2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.
A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where
3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.
A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom
4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.
A.whoB.whomC.heD.which
5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.
A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which
6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.
A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when
7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why
8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich
10.Mr.White______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.
A.whoB.thatC.whoseD
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