英语美文.docx
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英语美文.docx
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英语美文
ShopforSafe,HighQualityAlternativestoPlastics
Amanusesaforklifttomovecontainersofplasticbottlesattherecyclingcenter,FromVOALearningEnglish,thisistheTechnologyReportinSpecialEnglish.TheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgencysaysonlysevenpercentofplasticwasteintheUnitedStatesisrecycledeachyear.AnewcompanyinnorthernNewYorksaysitcanincreasethatpercentage.ItalsosaysitcanhelptheUnitedStatesreducetheamountofoilitimports. Thecompanyhasamachineitcallsthe"plastic-eatingmonster."Everyhour,thousandsofkilogramsofmilkjugs,waterbottles,andgrocerybagsarefedintothemachine.TheplasticwastecomesfromlandfillsacrosstheUnitedStates.JohnBordnyniukrunsthecompany,calledJBI."Basicallythey'vebeenminingtheirownpilesforusandsendingthemhere."Mr.Bordyniukhasinventedanewprocessforturningplasticintofuel.First,manydifferentkindsofunwashedplasticsaremeltedtogether."Theviscosityisclosetowhatmilkwouldbelike.Almostlikewhenyou'reheatingmilkonthestove.Looksexactlylikethat,exceptitsblack."Mr.Bordyniukusesaspecialchemicaltoturnthefluidintoavapor.Thisreducestheplastictoitsmostbasicelements."Plasticsarejustlonghydrocarbonchains.Whatwe'redoingisre-formingthemintolinksandchainsthatwewantsotheyhaveahighfuelvalue."Eightpercentoftherecycledplasticisusedtorunthesystem.Independenttesterssayeighty-sixpercentofwhatgoesincomesoutasfuel.BobMolodyniahelpsrunthecompany.Hewatchesastheplastic-eatingmachinepoursathin,brownliquidintoanoilbarrel."Youcouldtapthisrightnowandthisisreadytogo.That'sanumbersixfuel,that'swhatalotoflikeUSSteeluses,alotofmajorcompanies,that'swhattheypaythebigbucksfor,rightthere."JBIproducesseveralthousandlitersoffueladay.Itcreatesdifferentgradesoffuelfordifferentindustries.Itsellsthefuelforuptoonehundreddollarsabarrel.Eachbarrelcostsabouttendollarstoproduce.JohnBordyniukbelievesplasticswillbecomeanimportantsourceoffuelfortheUnitedStates.Hesaysthiswillreducethecountry'sdependenceonforeignoilandreducetheamountofplasticwasteinitslandfills.Scientistssayplastic-to-oiltechnologyisstillnewanddeveloping.Theysayitisnotyetknowniftheprocessisenvironmentallyfriendly.Andsomequestionwhetherturningplasticintooilcanevenbeconsidered"recycling."CarsonMaxtediswiththepublicationResourceRecycling,amagazinethatreportsontheplasticrecyclingindustry.Hesaysbecausethereisalotofplasticwasteandagreatdemandforoil,JBI'srecyclingtechnologymaycreategreatchangesinbothindustries."Sothey'regettingvaluefromsomethingthatwouldotherwisegotothelandfill,thingsthatwouldn'tbeacceptedintoarecycler.”
PlasticInjectionMoldingSolutionsMadeintheUSA
FromVOALearningEnglish,thisistheAgricultureReportinSpecialEnglish.ThanksgivingDayisanationalholidaythatAmericanscelebrateonthefourthThursdayinNovember.Thisautumnfestivalistraditionallycelebratedwithfamilyandfriendsoverabigmealthattakeshourstoprepare.Themealusuallyincludesturkeyservedalongwithdisheslikecranberries,sweetpotatoes,greenbeansandpumpkinpie.Theturkeyisusuallyseasonedandroastedinanoven,butsomepeoplefrythebirdinoilorcookitonagrillorinasmoker.TheNationalTurkeyFederationestimatesthatAmericansateforty-sixmillionbirdsforlastyear'sholiday.Thegovernmentexpectsturkeyproductiontoincreasetwopercentthisyear.Abouttwo-thirdsoftheturkeysraisedintheUnitedStatescamefromsixstates:
Minnesota,NorthCarolina,Arkansas,Missouri,VirginiaandIndiana.Turkeyiseatenallyear,andAmericanshavebeeneatingmoreofitovertheyears,thoughchicken,beefandporkarestillmorepopular.FederationpresidentJoelBrandenbergersaystwenty-twelvewillnotbeasprofitableforturkeyfarmersasthelasttwoyearswere.Feedcostsareupwhileturkeypricesareaboutthesame."Cornisournumberonefeedingredient,andthedroughthasobviouslyincreasedthepriceofcorndramaticallyand,frankly,thefactthatanever-increasingamountofthecorncropisbeingdivertedtoethanolproductionalsohasincreasedthecostofcorn.Sothat'screatedsomedifficultyfortheindustrythisyear."ThePilgrims'feastinsixteentwenty-oneisoftenconsideredthenation'sfirstThanksgiving.ThePilgrimswereearlysettlersofPlymouthColonyinwhatisnowMassachusetts.Theyheldathree-dayfeasttocelebrateagoodharvest.However,otherEuropeansettlersinNorthAmericaalsoheldceremoniesofthanks.TheseincludedBritishcolonistsinVirginiainsixteennineteen.Ineighteensixty-three,duringtheCivilWar,PresidentAbrahamLincolndeclaredthelastThursdayofNovemberasanationaldayofthanksgiving.Innineteenthirty-nine,astheGreatDepressionwasending,PresidentFranklinRooseveltestablishedtheholidayonthefourthThursday.HedidnotwanttoshortentheChristmasholidayshoppingseasoninyearswhenNovemberhasafifthThursday.TheseasontraditionallybeginswithabusyshoppingdayontheFridayafterThanksgiving,althoughsomestoresarenowopeningontheholidayitself.OneofAmerica'sfounders,BenFranklin,thoughttheturkeywouldbetterrepresentthecountryasitsofficialbirdthanthebaldeagle.ButJoelBrandenbergerdisagrees."Ithinkwe'rebetteroffhavingthebaldeagleonourcoinsandtheThanksgivingturkeyonourdinnertable."
SeekingHIVTestsforAllinUSAge15-65
FromVOALearningEnglish,thisistheHealthReportinSpecialEnglish.AnindependentadvisorygroupissuggestingthateveryoneintheUnitedStatesagefifteentosixty-fiveshouldgettestedforHIV.HIVistheinfectionthatcausesAIDS.TheU.S.PreventiveServicesTaskForcesayswiderpublicacceptanceofHIVtestingcouldleadtoearliertreatmentofcases,andfurtherslowthespreadofAIDS.ThetaskforceiscollectingpubliccommentsonitsproposedrecommendationuntilDecemberseventeenth.Thesixteenmedicalexpertsonthetaskforceareappointedbythegovernment.Theyexaminescientificevidenceforandagainsthealthcareservicesdesignedtopreventdisease.CarlosDelRioisco-directoroftheEmoryCenterforAIDSResearchinAtlanta,Georgia.Heisnotamemberofthetaskforce,butsaysearlydiscoveryandtreatmentofHIVisimportantfortworeasons."Peoplearelesslikelytoprogresstodiseaseandalso,asimportantly,ispeoplearelesslikelytotransmittoothers.Sostartingtherapyearlyleadstobetterdiseaseoutcomes."HIVisspreadthroughunprotectedsexorcontactwithaninfectedperson'sblood.Intwothousandfive,thetaskforcerecommendedtestingforallpregnantwomenandanyoneatincreasedriskofHIV.Now,saysDr.DelRio,HIVtestswouldbeofferedasanearlyscreeningtool.Hesaysthatmakesmoresensethanofferingitlaterwhenpeoplegotothedoctorforteststofindoutwhytheyaresick.Anestimated1.2millionAmericanshaveHIV.Eachyearaboutfiftythousandmoregetinfected.Uptotwenty-fivepercentofallinfectedpeopledonotknowtheyhavethevirus.Butamongyoungpeople,theCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsaysaboutsixtypercentdonotknowit.TheCDCsaysone-fourthofnewinfectionsintheUnitedStatesareinyoungpeopleagethirteentotwenty-four.DecemberfirstisWorldAIDSDay.ThelatestUnitedNationsAIDSreportsaystwenty-fivelow-tomiddle-incomecountrieshavecuttheirrateofnewinfectionsinhalfsincetwothousandone.Thirteenofthosecountriesareinsub-SaharanAfrica.ButUNAIDSresearcherssaythenumberofnewcaseshasrisenmorethanthirty-fivepercentintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricasincetwothousandone.
KurdishLessonsNowAllowedinSomeTurkishSchools
FromVOALearningEnglish,thisistheEducationReportinSpecialEnglish.SpeakingKurdishwasacrimeinTurkeyuntilabouttwentyyearsago.Morerecentlythegovernmenthasbeeneasingsomeofitsrestrictionsontheuseofthelanguage.Now,thegovernmentislettingsomeschoolsofferKurdishlanguageclasses.HalilCecenteachesbeginningKurdishtomedicalstudentsatDicleUniversityinDiyarbakir,inmainlyKurdishsoutheasternTurkey.HespoketoreporterDorianJonesaboutthechangeinpolicy."Hesaysit'sabeautifulfeelingbecausethepeoplehadsomanyexpectations,andthegovernmentresponded.Hesaysunfortunatelyithastakenmanyyears–fiftyorsixty–anditisonlyjustbeingimplemented."Aclasslikethiswouldhavebeenunthinkableevenjustafewyearsago.SabriEyigunistheKurdishdeputyrectoroftheuniversity."Hesayswiththegovernment'sdemocraticinitiative,manytabooshavebeenbroken.Andlifehasbeguntobecomenormal.TheKurdishlanguagewasoneofthosetaboos,hesays." StudentMazlumOzersayshewelcomestheclasses.HespeaksonlyalittleKurdish,hesays,andheseestheclassesasabigstepbutonlythebeginning.HethinkslearningKurdishshouldberequired,especiallyinhealtheducation.HesaysitwouldbeevenmoresuccessfulifKurdishweretaughtstartingatayoungage.Afewhoursdowntheroad,acrosstheborder,SyrianKurdsseizedcontroloftheirregionfromSyriangovernmentforcesearlierthisyear.NowchildrenarelearningKurdishasafirstlanguage.KurdsinneighboringIraqhavehadthatrightforyears.ButTurkishPrimeMinisterRecepTayyipErdoganrecentlyrejectedcallsforKurdisheducationinthemothertongue.HecalleditaterroristdemandoftheKurdishrebelgroupPKK."Hesaysthereisnosuchthingaseducationinthemothertongue.Hesaysthecountry'sofficiallanguageisTurkis
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