毕业设计论文性别歧视在英语语言中的表现.docx
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毕业设计论文性别歧视在英语语言中的表现.docx
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毕业设计论文性别歧视在英语语言中的表现
中国某某信息学校
学生毕业设计(论文)
题目:
性别歧视在英语语言中的表现
其发展变化
姓名:
000000
班级、学号:
0000班、00号
系(部):
经济管理系
专业:
商务英语
指导教师:
000000
开题时间:
2009-4-10
完成时间:
2009-11-12
2009年11月12日
目录
毕业设计任务书…………………………………………………1
毕业设计成绩评定表……………………………………………2
答辩申请书……………………………………………………3-5
正文……………………………………………………………6-24
答辩委员会表决意见……………………………………………25
答辩过程记录表…………………………………………………26
课题性别歧视在英语语言中的表现及其发展变化
一、课题(论文)提纲
0.引言
1.性别歧视的现象
1.1在词汇上的表现
1.2称谓上的表现
1.3男女先后顺序
1.4谚语的表现
2.性别歧视的原因
2.1文化因素
2.2身体因素
2.3社会因素
2.4心理因素
3.性别歧视的发展变化
4.结论
二、内容摘要
语言在社会中所处的地位尤为重要。
作为一种社会现象的语言,必然会反映出人类社会的各种社会观念。
性别歧视作为这其中的一种,是指把男性视作社会规范和中心,轻视,侮辱女性或使她们显得微不足道。
而这一特定的社会现象必然会在语言中折射出来.
首先,论文主要写性别歧视的现象,然后讨论性别歧视在英语语言中出现的原因及其发展变化。
三、参考文献
[1]HolyBible[M].中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会和中国基督教协会,2000年10月.P2-3
[2]RonaldWardhaugh.AnIntroductiontoSociolinguistics[M].BasilBlackwellInc.1986,P303
[3]单文波.英语中的性别歧视现象及其文化因素探析[J].江汉大学学报(人文科学版),2005年8月(第24卷第4期).P112
ThesexualdiscriminationinEnglishlanguageanditsevolvement
XiaoHuibing
Abstract:
Languageplaysanimportantroleinsociety.Asaphenomenonofsociety,languagereflectsallthesidesofhumansocietynaturally.Sexismisaphenomenonthattakesamale-as-normattitude,trivializing,insultingorrenderingwomeninvisible.Asaspecialsocialphenomenon,sexismisinevitablyreflectedthroughlanguage.
Tostartwith,thethesisismailytalkaboutthephenomenonofthesexismdiscrimination,andthenanalysisthereasonfortheaccurrenceofsexismintheEnglishlauguage,thechangeofdevelopment.
Keywords:
sexualdiscrimination;phonomenon;factor
0.Introduction
Asthepeculiarresultofthedevelopmentofhumansociety,languageisakindofsocialphenomenonandreflectsallthesidesofhumansocietynaturally.Itsexistenceanddevelopmentarecloselylinkedwiththesocialattitudesofhumanbeingsandtoagreatextentareaffectedbytheirsocialviewsandvalues.Historicallyandsociologically,oursocietyisman-orientedandman-centered.Women,regardedasaweakergenderinsociety,arediscriminatedforalongtimeandcompletelysubordinatedinpoliticallife,economiclifeandevenfamilylifeinthesocietydominatedbymen.Unavoidably,thiskindofphenomenonhasbeenembodiedinlanguages.Inlinguisticaspect,languageisbias-basedandwomensufferfromlanguagesexism.Gender-differentiatedlanguageusecanreflectandhelpperpetuatethesubordinatestatusofwomeninsociety.
Since1960s,feministsstrivefortheeliminationofgenderdiscrimination,forthegreaterrecognitionofwomen’scontributionstosocietyandaimtochangemanyculturalandsocialcustomsthatperpetuatepatriarchalvaluesystems.Manyfieldsoflifearoundtheworldhavebeen,orarebeing,affectedbythismovement.Oneofthemanyimpactsfeminismonsocietyisitsimpactonlanguage.Languagewasandisseenbymanyfeministsasapowerfulinstrumentofpatriarchy.
1.Thephenomennonofthesexismdiscrimination
1.1Thereprensentinthevocabulary.
Theword“man”isaveryclearexample,itisnotonlyhavethemeaningofmankind,butalsorefertohumanbeing,standforallofthepeople.but“woman”isonlyrefertofemale,forexample,mancannotlivebybreadalone.Themaninthestreet.“Ifawomanfalltowaterfromtheboat,callout“MAN,OVERBROAD”.Ifshehurtsinthework,herfee-for-serviceiscalledWORKMAN’SCOMPENSATION.Butifsheenterintoaplacewhichiswritern“manonly!
”shewillunderstandthecaveatisnotaimatanimalorplantornonlifebuttoheratonce”,Alinquistevercomplainedandsaid.whenwedonnotknowthegenderwhowepoint,he,hisandhimareoftenstandforhumanbeing,(ThisisaruleintheEnlish),suchas,everystudenthastomakeuphisownmind.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.Asthecentreofloqicality,femaleisinahypotaxis.Intermsofglossary,forexample,thewordwhichisbytheendof–er,-or,actuallyitisaneuterword,butpeoplethinkitisamasculineterm,sotheyadwomanbeforethefemale,forexample,awomandotor.Theword“man”isnotonlyrefertomale,manhood,butalsoasthe“floorboardofhumanbeing”,buttheword“woman”isnot.Alotofprofessiontermsareoftenasthesuffixbytheman,althoughthisjobhasmanyfemale.What’smore,ontheoccasions,“he,him,orhis”canbeusedtorefertosuchindefinitepronounsaseach,everyone,everybody,noone,someone,anyone,andsoon.
1.2Therepresentonthetitle.
“Takethefemaleasthemale’sappendix”.TheviewisfullrepresentinthetitletermsofEnglish.Mr.isarespecttoaman,butMrs.isarespecttoaman’swife,sothewoman’stitleisattachtoman,forexample:
thehusbandhaveDr.degree,sowecancallthecoupleas“Mr.andMrs.JohnSmith.IfthewifeisaDr.buttheherhusbanddon’thaveadegree,thewife’nameisMarry,thenhersurnameisfollowedbyherhusbandandcallMarrySmith.Missisatitleofunmarriedfemale.ButMr.canbeatitleofunmarriedmaleormarriedmale.Fromthetitlewecanrecognisethemalewhethersheismarried,buttothemale,wewilldonotknowit,what’smore,whenfemalemarried,hersurnameisfollowedbymale,sohersurnameiscompletelyforgetted.alotofjobtitle,suchasdoctor,professor,engineer,andsoonisfittomaleandfemale,butpeopleisusedtocontactthemwithmale.buttofemale,itisbecomeasymbol,oftenadthewoman,ladyorfemaleforrestrictingit.forexample,femalejudge,ladydoctor,womanlawyer,theseareindicatethatinthepasttime,thehigher-statusprofessioniscorneredbymale,theotherwayround,teacher,nuser,secretary,model,peoplegenerallythinkitisamalejob,ifitisafemale,mustadthemaleorman,suchasmalenurse,manteacher.Exceptthesearecontactwithhistoryfact,itisasocialprejudice.
1.3Wordorder
Sexisminlanguageisalsoreflectedinwordorder.Whenmenandwomenarepresentedtogether,usuallywordsdenotingmalesexareputinfrontoffemalesex.Makingfemalescomesecondreflectsthesexistattitudethatmenaresuperiortowomen.Itisnothardtofindmale-femalewordorderpairsinEnglishliterature,newspaper,magazinesaswellasinspeech,suchasmaleandfemale,husbandandwife,fatherandmother,boysandgirls,hisandhers,sonanddaughter,brotherandsister,hostandhostess,kingandqueen,AdamandEveandsoon.Nomatterinbooksoronradio,evenindailydialogue,wecanoftenreadandhearsuchwords:
a. Goodmorning,boysandgirls!
b. Theywouldhaveallowedmalesandfemalestogotoschooltogether.
Suchalanguagephenomenonseemstoappearsounquestionablynaturalastobewidelyacceptedasalanguagenorm.
However,therearealsocasesinwhichmale-femaleorderisreversed,forexamplebrideandgroom,andladiesandgentlemen.Theformershowsthatmarriageisimportanttowomenandthelatterisinfluencedbythenotionthatmenshouldprotectwomen.Puttingladiesbeforegentlemendoesn’tshowthatwomenaremoresuperiortomenorladiesfirst,butindicatesthatinmen’smind,women,thesameaschildren,aretheweakerones.
1.4Theproverb
a.Status.“Amanofstrawisworthofawomanofgold.(稻草男儿抵得上金玉女子。
)Ifhusbandbenotathome,thereisnobody.(丈夫不在家,等于说没人。
)Man,woman,anddevilarethreedegreesofcomparison.(男人、女人和魔鬼三个等级分贵贱。
)
B.Marriage.Afairfaceishalfportion(姿色颜,嫁妆半。
)Marryyoursonwhenyouwill,yourdaughterwhenyoucan(娶妻不忙,嫁女宜速。
)Itishardertomarryadaughterwellthantobringherupwell.(养女易,嫁女难。
)C.Behaver.Wordsarewomen,deedsaremen.(女子巧舌,男儿实干。
)Husbandsareinheavenwhosewivesscoldnot.(老婆不唠叨,丈夫就像在天堂里。
)Manywomen,manywords;Manygeese,manyturds(鹅的屎多,女人的话多。
)
D.Intelligence.Longhair,shortwit.Womanhavelonghairandshortbrains(女人头发长,见识短。
)Whenanassclimbsaladder,wemayfindwisdominwomen.(毛驴登梯时,女人才有才智。
)
E。
Virtue.fairwomanwithoutvirtueislikepalledwine.(美女无.德,淡酒一杯。
)Virtueisfairefarthanbeauty.(美德远胜美貌。
)
Maidwantnothingbuthusbands,andwhentheyhavethemtheywanteverything.(姑娘除了丈夫什么都不要,一旦有了丈夫她们什么都想要。
)
Play,women,wineundomenlaughing.(赌博,女人和酒使男人在笑声中毁灭。
)
Thecalmesthusbandsmakethestormiestwives.(丈夫懦弱妻子凶)。
Themother-in-lawforgotthatshewasadaughter-in-law.(作了婆婆忘了作媳妇时的苦)。
Wifeandchildrenarebillofcharges.(妻子和孩子是帐单)。
2.heFactorsofSexismintheEnglishLanguage
SexisminEnglishisnotformedinoneday,butbuiltupinthelongperiodofthedevelopmentoflanguage,whichleadstothevarietyofthecauses.WhatcausesthesexismintheEnglishLanguage?
Therearefourfactors:
culturalfactor,physiologicalfactor,socialfactorandpsychologicalfactor.
2.1Culturalfactors
IntheHolyBible(TheBooksofTheOldTestament):
“SotheLordGodcausedadeepsleeptofallupontheman,andheslept;thenhetookoneofhisribsandclosedupitsplacewithflesh.AndtheribthattheLordGodhadtakenfromthemanhemadeintoawomanandbroughthertotheman.Thenthemansaid,‘Thisatlastisboneofmybonesandfleshofmyflesh;thisoneshallbecalledWoman,foroutofManthisonewastaken.Mancametotheworldfirstwhilewomanmadefromoneofman’sribswascreatedjustasahelpmeetforhim.Andshewasnotcreateduntilallotheranimalsfailedtomeetthesatisfactionoftheman.Fromtheorderofthebirth,itisobvioustoseethedifferentimportanceofmanandwoman.Andmanandwomanarenotequalatallbecausewomanisonlyapartofman,whichitselfisthediscriminationagainstwomen.ItissaidintheHolyBiblethatthefirstsinisalsocommittedbythewoman.Shewasseducedbythesnakeintoeatingthefruitofthetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevilandhavingthemaneat,too.Atlast,thewomanwaspunish
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