定语从句高中初中通用教案.docx
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定语从句高中初中通用教案.docx
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定语从句高中初中通用教案
定语从句
一.定义2
2.关系代词3
3.关系副词(relativeadverb)5
4.定语从句中,只用that不用which的情况。
6
5.定语从句中,只用which不用that的情况。
7
6.prep+关系代词:
8
1.prep+which(指物)/whom(指人)8
2.prep+which=when/where8
3.of+which=whose9
4.forwhich=why9
5.way和time后接定语从句的特殊情况9
其他要点10
Attributiveclause(定语从句)
一.定义
:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,相当于一个句子做形容词修饰先行词。
如:
1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.
2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面
1.Structure:
先行词+关系词+从句
(antecedent)(subordinateclause)
关系词常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
2.关系词:
关系代词(relativepronoun)关系副词(relativeadverb)
thatwhen(时间)
who/whom/whosewhere(地点)
whichwhy(原因)
2.关系代词
关系代词
先行词
例句
在从句中的成分
that
人/物
Doyouknowthegirlthatiscrying?
ShehasgotacomputerthatTomgaveher.
S
O(可省)
who/
whom
人
Idon’tknowtheteacherwho/thatistalkingtoLily.
Thegirlwhom/who/thatIjusttalkedwithisLucy.
ThegirltowhomIspokeisastudent.
S
O(可省)
1
O
whose
(起所有格的作用,表示....的)
人/
物
Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.
ThehousewhosewindowisbrokenisMrGreen’s.
Attribute
(定语)
which
物
H1N1isadiseasewhichcausedmanydeaths.
S
1在定语从句中,先行词是人,关系代词在从句中作宾语时,既可用who也可用whom,但是当关系代词紧跟在介词后时只能用whom,that不能做介词宾语。
Practice:
youneedtocircletheantecedent,analysetherelativepronoun’sfunctioninthesubordinateclause.
1.Heisthemancarwasstolen.
2.Iwanttoborrowthebookyoushowedmeyesterday.
3.Thisisthemanwantedtoseeyou.
4.Themanimetinthestreettoldnottogothere.
5.Themanwithitravelledcouldn’tspeakchinese.
6.Themanitravelledwithismyteacher
7.Therearestillmanypeoplelivingconditionsarepoor.
8.TheTVplayisaboutatruestoryhappenedinJapan.
3.关系副词(relativeadverb)
关系副词
先行词
例句
在从句中的作用
When
时间
IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.
状语
Where
地点
ThisistheschoolwhereIwork.
状语
Why
原因
Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?
状语
Ps:
在定语从句中,关系代词、关系副词起连接先行词和从句的作用,都在从句中作一定成分。
当从句缺少主语或宾语时,用关系代词
Eg.DoyoustillrememberthedayswespentinQingdao?
DoyoustillrememberthedayswespentsummerholidayinQingdao?
practice
1.Ican’tforgetthetimetheearthquakehappenedinWenchuan.
2.Haveyoueverbeentothenewbookshopisjustopenedhere.
3.Lastsummertheywenttoluxun’shometownandvisitedthehousehewasborn.
4.Thisismyhousewindowsfacestothesouth.
5.Hewillneverforgetthenightshecametoseehim.
6.Istillremembertheyearswespenttogether.
7.ThereasonIcamehereisthatIwantedtohelpyou.
4.定语从句中,只用that不用which的情况。
1.当先行词是不定代词(indefinitepronoun)all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing,none,theone时
Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.
Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?
2.当先行词前面有theonly,any,few,little,no,all,thevery,(恰恰,正好)thesame等词修饰时
ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.
TheonlythingthatIcandoistokeepscilent.
3.当先行词是形容词最高级(superlativedegree)、序数词(ordinalnumbers)时或者先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时
Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpullution.
ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.
WhatisthefirstAmericanmoviethatyouhaveseen?
4.当先行词既有人又有物时
Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
5.当主句是以疑问词who,which开头的特殊疑问句来头时
Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
Whoistheboythatwonthegame?
6.当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时
Shanghiaisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.
5.定语从句中,只用which不用that的情况。
1.关系代词前有介词时
I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.
2.引导非限制性定语从句(non-definingattributiveclause)时,且做宾语时不可省
Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isverypopular.
3.先行词本身是that时
What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?
4.先行词后插入语(parenthesis)时
HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.
5.定语从句中,先行词是人,只用who而不用that的情况。
当先行词有较长的后置定语或先行词在被分割的定语从句中时
ProfessorSmithiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusaspeech.
6.prep+关系代词:
1.prep+which(指物)/whom(指人)
1.当介词放在关系代词前时,关系代词只能是which/whom,且关系代词不能省
Isthisthehouseinwhichamurderhappened?
Themanaboutwhomyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.
2.当介词位于定语从句末尾时,可用that/which(指物),that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省
Thisisthehero(who/that/whom)weareproudof.
Thisisthepen(that/which)Iliketowritewith.
PS.在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。
例如:
Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.
ThisistheearringwhichI’mlookingfor.
2.prep+which=when/where
Thisisthetowninwhich/whereIusedtolive.
Thisistheroomwhere(=inwhich)Ilivedlastyear.这就是我去年住过的房间。
Isthistheclassroomwhere(=inwhich)theoldworkerisgoingtomake/giveusareport?
这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗
Iwouldneverforgetthatdayonwhich/whenmyfathercameback.
3.of+which=whose
Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
4.forwhich=why
Thereasonwhy/forwhichiwaslateisthatmybikeisbroken.
5.way和time后接定语从句的特殊情况
a,当先行词是way意为“方式,方法”时,引导词有以下三种形式:
Idon'tunderstandthewayinwhich/that/不填theyworkedouttheproblem.
b,先行词是time并意为“次数”时,应用that引导定语从句,that可省;若意为“一段时间”时,应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句,引导词不可省。
Thisisthesecondtime(that)thepresidenthasinvitedthecountry.
Thiswasatatimewhen/duringwhichtherewerenotelephones.
在以上两种情况中,that是关系副词而不是关系代词,关系代词必须在从句中充当成分。
其他要点
当定语从句的关系代词在从句中做主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词的单复数形式一致。
TitanicisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.
TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.
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