初中英语语法被动语态专题.docx
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初中英语语法被动语态专题.docx
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初中英语语法被动语态专题
初中英语语法被动语态专题
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初中英语语法被动语态专题
语法是最重要的部分,下面是本店铺给大家带来的初中被动语态专题,希望能够帮助到大家!
初中英语语法被动语态专题
被动语态中谓语动词的基本构成:
be+done
2八种时态的被动语态:
(变be的时态即可,done不动)
1)一般现在时:
am/is/are+done
①Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry
Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry
②Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher
Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher
2)一般过去时:
was/were+done
①Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth
Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth
②Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily
Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten
3)一般将来时:
will+bedone
①Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea
Carswillbesentabroadbysea
②Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers
Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers
4)一般过去将来时:
would+bedone
①Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear
Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear
②Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible
Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible
5)现在进行时:
am/is/are+being+done
①TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons
Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio
②Wearepaintingtherooms
Theroomsarebeingpainted
6)过去进行时:
was/were+being+done
①Theworkersweremendingtheroad
Theroadwasbeingmended
②Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere
Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear
7)现在完成时:
have/has+been+done
①Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff
Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff
②Hehasbroughthisbookhere
Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere
8)过去完成时:
had+been+done
①WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets
WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout
②Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader
Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader
3含有情态动词的被动语态:
情态动词+be+done
①Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass
Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass
②Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer
Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim
4被动语态的使用情况:
1)当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,这时往往不用by。
“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”
2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。
TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver
5主动语态变被动语态的方法:
1)把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2)把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。
3)把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略。
Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty
→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty
Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders
→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool
6语态转换时应注意的问题:
1)把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
Wehaveboughtanewcomputer
→Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)
→Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)
2)含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday
→Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说
→Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday
3)由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。
Thepatientisbeingoperatedon
Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout
Hisrequestwasturneddown
Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather
4)带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。
Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean
→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean
Shetoldustofollowherinstructions
→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions
注意:
在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后必须还原to。
Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar
→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar
5)当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。
Nobodycananswerthisquestion
误:
Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody
正:
Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody
6)当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时,在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主语,并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。
Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean
误:
Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean
正:
Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean
7)以who为主语开头的疑问句,变被动时,用bywhom放在句首。
Whowrotethestory?
误:
Whowasthestorywritten?
正:
Bywhomwasthestorywritten?
8)有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或性能,是不及物动词,用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态,常见的有:
write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。
Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。
Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。
Thebookssellwell.这些书销量很好。
9)下列情况主动句不能改为被动句。
①感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如:
feel,look,seem,taste,sound。
—Doyoulikethematerial?
—Yes,itfeelsverysoft
②不及物动词没有被动语态,如:
rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。
Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen
Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained
③宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,v-ing形式及名词等,不能变为被动的主语。
ItaughtmyselfEnglish
误:
MyselfwastaughtEnglish
Weloveeachother
误:
Eachotherisloved
被动语态习题
考点点拨
英语中有些动词不表示动作,而是表示某种状态或情况,通常不用于被动语态,如cost,fit,last,own,fail等。
在主动语态中,hear,see,notice等感官动词和make,have,let等使役动词后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,但在转换为被动语态时,该不定式前要加to。
某些感官动词加形容词可表被动意义,如:
feel,look,smell,sound,taste等。
某些不及物动词后加副词,也可表被动意义,如:
lock,open,read,sell,cut等。
含短语动词的被动语态,短语中的介词或副词不能丢掉。
把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语时,间接宾语前要加介词to/for。
不及物动词和不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态,如:
appear,die,fall,happen,comeout,takeplace等。
经典习题
1.—Wow,yoursilkdresslookssobeautiful!
Howmuchisit?
—Well,itme$50
A.cost
B.wascost
C.spent
D.wasspent
2.—Sandywasmadebysomeboys
—Oh,sorrytohearthat
A.cry
B.tocry
C.cried
D.tocrying
3.—Theseorangeslookugly,buttheyverysweet
—Ifso,I’dliketobuysome
A.tasted
B.weretasted
C.taste
D.aretasted
4.—Don’tyoulikethecar?
Itsowell
—Ilikeitalot,butIjustcan’taffordit
A.sells
B.issold
C.sold
D.wassold
5.Asisknowntoall,the2022WinterOlympicsinChina
A.tookplace
B.willtakeplace
C.weretakenplace
D.willbetakenplace
参考答案:
ABCAB
常见几种时态的被动语态练习
01
含情态动词的被动语态
讲一讲
含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:
情态动词+be+动词的过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)。
如:
Yourhomeworkshouldbefinishedbefore9pm
Theplantneedn’tbewateredeveryday
Musttheroombecleanedtwiceaday,Mom?
Whencanmycomputerberepaired,Mr.Wang?
表示被动意义的特殊结构:
1.read,ride,write,sell等作不及物动词时,常用主动形式表示被动意义。
2.look,smell,taste,feel,sound等表感觉的连系动词也常用主动形式表示被动意义。
练一练
一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.Manymoretreesshould(plant)inthetown
2.Mustthework(finish)by6:
30thisafternoon?
3.—HowoftendoIneedtofeedthedog?
—Itmust(give)foodthreetimesaday
4.Thestarscan(see)clearlythisevening
5.Tablescan(make)ofstoneorwood
二、把下列句子改为含有被动语态的句子。
1.Weshouldcleanourteethtwiceaday
2.Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbeforeclass
3.Youcanhangtheseoldpicturesinthelivingroom
4.Studentscankeepthedictionariesforthreeweeks
5.Weshouldmakesomerulestostopthekidsfromthrowingrubbish
☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
参考答案:
一、1.beplanted
2.befinished
3.begiven
4.beseen
5.bemade
二、1.Ourteethshouldbecleanedtwiceaday
2.Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinbeforeclass
3.Theseoldpicturescanbehunginthelivingroom
4.Thedictionariescanbekeptforthreeweeksbystudents
5.Somerulesshouldbemadetostopthekidsfromthrowingrubbish
02
一般现在时的被动语态
讲一讲
英语中有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
▲一般现在时的被动语态结构为is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作的执行者),句中常含有often,usually,everyday等时间状语。
▲在将主动语态变为被动语态时,可参考以下例句:
Jenny①cleans②theroom③everyday
→Theroom③iscleaned②byJenny①everyday
把主动句中的宾语③变为被动句中的主语;
把主动句中的谓语动词②(cleans)变为被动句中的谓语(iscleaned)。
be的形式根据被动句中主语的人称和数以及原主动句中动词的时态来确定。
把主动句中的主语①放在介词by之后作宾语。
主语若是代词,将主格改为宾格。
在无须说明动作的执行者或需强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。
如:
PeoplegrowriceinthesouthofChina.→RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina
练一练
把下列句子改为含有被动语态的句子。
1.Somebigboysoftenlaughatthelittlegirl
2.AlotofpeoplespeakChinesearoundtheworld
3.MillionsofpeopleenjoytheGreatWall
4.Mygrandpawaterstheseflowerseverymorning
5.EveryoneconsidersDoratobethebeststudentintheclass
6.PeopleusechopsticksforeatingnoodlesinChina
7.Thestudentsalwayskeeptheclassroomclean
☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
参考答案:
1.Thelittlegirlisoftenlaughedatbysomebigboys
2.Chineseisspokenbyalotofpeoplearoundtheworld
3.The
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