数控机床改造外文文献翻译中英文翻译.docx
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数控机床改造外文文献翻译中英文翻译.docx
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数控机床改造外文文献翻译中英文翻译
TheNumericalControlEngineBedTransforms
HarveyB.Mackey
Firstnumericalcontrolsystemdevelopmentsummarybriefhistoryandtendency
In1946thefirstelectronicaccountingmachinewasbornintheworld,thisindicatedthehumanitycreatedhasbeenpossibletostrengthenandpartiallytoreplacethementallaborthetool.Itwiththehumanitythesewhichintheagriculture,theindustrysocietycreatedonlyisstrengthensthephysicallaborthetooltocompare,gotupthequantitiveleap,enteredtheinformationsocietyforthehumanitytolaythefoundation.
After6years,in1952,computertechnologyappliedtotheenginebed,thefirstnumericalcontrolenginebedwereborninUS.Fromthistimeon,thetraditionalenginebedhashadthearcherytargetchange.Sincenearlyhalfcentury,thenumericalcontrolsystemhasexperiencedtwostagesandsixgenerationofdevelopment.
1.1Numericalcontrol(NC)stage(1952~1970)
Theearlycomputeroperatingspeedislow,wasnotbigtothensciencecomputationandthedataprocessinginfluence,butcouldnotadapttheenginebedreal-timecontrolrequest.Thepeoplecannotbutusenumerallogiccircuit"tobuild"tobecomeanenginebedspecialpurposecomputertotakethenumericalcontrolsystem,iscalledthehardwareconnectionnumericalcontrol(HARD-WIREDNC),JianChengweinumericalcontrol(NC).Alongwiththeprimarydevicedevelopment,thisstagehashadbeenthroughrepeatedlythreegenerations,namely1952firstgenerationof--electrontube;1959secondgenerationof--transistor;1965thirdgeneration--smallscaleintegrationelectriccircuit.
1.2Computernumericalcontrol(CNC)stage(in1970~present)
In1970,thegeneralminicomputeralreadyappearedandthemassproduction.Thereupontransplantsittakesthenumericalcontrolsystemthecorepart,fromthistimeonenteredthecomputernumericalcontrol(CNC)thestage("whichshouldhavecomputerinfrontofthegeneral"twocharacterstoabbreviate).In1971,AmericanINTELCorporationintheworldfirsttimethecomputertwomostcorespart--logicunitsandthecontroller,usedthelargescaleintegratedcircuittechnologyintegrationontogetherthechip,calleditthemicroprocessor(MICROPROCESSOR),alsomightbecalledthecentralprocessingelement(tobecalledCPU).
Themicroprocessorisappliedto1974inthenumericalcontrolsystem.Thisisbecauseminicomputerfunctiontoostrong,controlledanenginebedabilitytohavewealthily(thereforeonceusesincontrollingthemulti-Taiwanenginebedatthattime,calleditgroupcontrol),wasinferiortousedthemicroprocessoreconomytobereasonable.Moreoverthensmallmachinereliabilitywasnotideal.Theearlymicroprocessorspeedandthefunctionalthoughinsufficientlyarealsohigh,butmaysolvethroughthemulti-processorstructure.Becausethemicroprocessoristhegeneral-purposecalculatorcorepart,thereforestillwascalledthecomputernumericalcontrol.
In1990,PCmachine(personalcomputer,domesticcustomhadcalledmicrocomputer)theperformancehasdevelopedtotheveryhighstage,maysatisfiedlytakethenumericalcontrolsystemcoreparttherequest.ThenumericalcontrolsystemhenceforthenteredbasedonthePCstage.
Inbrief,thecomputernumericalcontrolstagehasalsoexperiencedthreegenerations.Namely1970fourthgenerationof--minicomputer;1974fivedynasties--microprocessorand1990sixthgeneration--(overseaswascalledPC-BASED)basedonPC.
Alsomustpointout,althoughoverseasalreadyrenamedasthecomputernumericalcontrol(namelyCNC).
Alsomustpointout,althoughoverseasalreadyrenamedasthecomputernumericalcontrol(namelyCNC),butourcountrystillthecustomcalledthenumericalcontrol(NC).Thereforewedailysay"numericalcontrol",themateriallyalreadywasrefersto"computernumericalcontrol".
1.3thenumericalcontrolfuturewilldeveloptendency
1.3.1openstylecontinuesto,todevelopbasedonthePCsixthgenerationofdirection
ThesoftwareandhardwareresourceshaswhichbasedonPCarerichandsoonthecharacteristic,themorenumericalcontrolsserialproductionfactorycanstepontothispath.UsesPCmachinetotakeatleastitsfrontendmachine,processestheman-machinecontactsurface,theprogramming,theassociation
Questionandsoonnetcorrespondence,undertakesthenumericalcontroldutybytheoriginalsystem.PCmachinehasthefriendlyman-machinecontactsurface,willpopularizetoallnumericalcontrolssystem.Thelong-distancecommunication,thelong-distancediagnosisandtheservicewillbemorecommon.
1.3.2approachesandthehighaccuracydevelopment
Thisisadaptstheenginebedtobehighspeedandthehighaccuracydirectionneedtodevelop.
1.3.3developstotheintellectualizeddirection
Alongwiththeartificialintelligenceinthecomputerdomainunceasingseepageandthedevelopment,thenumericalcontrolsystemintellectualizeddegreeunceasinglywillenhance.
(1)appliestheadaptivecontroltechnology
Thenumericalcontrolsystemcanexamineintheprocesssomeimportantinformation,andtheautomaticcontrolsystemrelatedparameter,achievestheimprovementsystemrunningstatusthegoal.
(2)introducestheexpertsysteminstructionprocessing
Theskilledworkerandexpert'sexperience,theprocessinggeneralruleandthespecialrulestoreinthesystem,takethecraftparameterdatabaseasthestrut,theestablishmenthastheartificialintelligencetheexpertsystem.
(3)introducesthebreakdowntodiagnosetheexpertsystem
(4)intellectualizednumeralservodrive
Maythroughtheautomaticdiagnosisload,buttheautomaticcontrolparameter,causestheactuationsystemtoobtainthebestmovement.
Second,enginebednumericalcontroltransformationnecessity
2.1microscopiclooksatthetransformationthenecessity
Fromonmicroscopiclookedbelowthat,thenumericalcontrolenginebedhastheprominentsuperioritycomparedtothetraditionalenginebed,moreoverthesesuperioritycomefromthecomputermightwhichthenumericalcontrolsystemcontains.
2.1.1mayprocessthetraditionalenginebedcannotprocessthecurve,thecurvedsurfaceandsoonthecomplexcomponents.
Becausethecomputerhastheexcellentoperationability,maytheinstantaccuratelycalculateeachcoordinateaxisinstanttobesupposedthemovementphysiologicalloadofexercise,thereforemayturnroundthesynthesiscomplexcurveorthecurvedsurface.
2.1.2mayrealizetheprocessingautomation,moreoveristheflexibleautomation,thustheefficiencymayenhance3~7timescomparedtothetraditionalenginebed.
Becausethecomputerhasthememoryandthememoryproperty,maytheprocedurewhichinputsrememberandsave,thentheorderwhichstipulatedaccordingtotheprocedureautomaticcarriesout,thusrealizationautomation.Thenumericalcontrolenginebedsolongasreplacesaprocedure,mayrealizeanotherworkpieceprocessingautomation,thuscausesthesingleunitandthesmallbatchofproductioncanautomate,thereforeiscalledhasrealized"flexibleautomation".
2.1.3processingscomponentsprecisionhigh,sizedispersiondegreesmall,makestheassemblytobeeasy,nolongerneeds"tomakerepairs".
2.1.4mayrealizethemulti-workingprocedurescentralism,reducesthecomponentsinenginebedbetweenfrequenttransporting.
2.1.5hasauto-alarm,theautomaticmonitoring,automaticcompensationandsoonthemanykindsofautonomyfunction,thusmayrealizelongtimenobodytosafeguardtheprocessing.
2.1.6advantagewhichderivesbyabovefive.
Forexample:
Reducedworker'slaborintensity,savedthelaborforce(apersontobepossibletosafeguardthemulti-Taiwanenginebed),reducedtheworkclothes,reducedthenewproducttrialmanufacturingcycleandtheproductioncycle,mighttothemarketdemandmakerapidreactionandsoon.
Abovethesesuperiorityarethepredecessorcannotimagine,isanextremelysignificantbreakthrough.Inaddition,theenginebednumericalcontrolcarriesoutFMC(flexiblemanufactureunit),FMS(flexiblemanufacturesystem)aswellasCIMS(computerintegrationmanufacturesystem)andsoontheenterprisebecominganinformationbasedsocietytransformationfoundation.Thenumericalcontroltechnologyalreadybecamethemanufacturingindustryautomationthecoretechnologyandthefoundationtechnology.
2.2greatwatchesthetransformationthenecessity
Fromonmacroscopiclookedthat,theindustrydevelopedcountryarmedforces,theairplaneweaponindustry,intheendofthe70's,atthebeginningofthe80'sstartedthelarge-scaleapplicationnumericalcontrolenginebed.Itsessenceis,usestheinformationtechnologytothetraditionalindustry(includingthearmedforces,airplaneweaponindustry)carriesonthetechnologicaltransformations.Exceptthatusesoutsidethenumericalcontrolenginebed,FMC,FMSinthemanufactureprocess,butalsoincludesintheproductdevelopmentcarriesoutCAD,CAE,CAM,thehypothesizedmanufactureaswellascarriesoutMISintheproductionmanagement(managementinformationsystem),CIMSandsoon.Aswellasincreasestheinformationtechnologyinitsproductionproduct,includingartificialintelligenceandsooncontent.Becauseusestheinformationtechnologytothecountryforeigntroops,theairplaneweaponindustrycarriesonthethoroughtransformation(tocallitbecominganinformationbasedsociety),finallycausesthemtheproductintheinternationalmilitarygoodsandinthegoodsforcivilianusemarketthecompetitivepowergreatlyistheenhancement.Butweintheinformationtechnologytransformationtraditionindustryaspectcomparedtothedevelopedcountrytofallbehindapproximatelyfor20
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