上海大学研究生网络阅读题库总结含答案补充练习.docx
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上海大学研究生网络阅读题库总结含答案补充练习.docx
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上海大学研究生网络阅读题库总结含答案补充练习
TheworkoftherailroadpioneersinAmericabecamethebasisforagreatsurgeofrailroadbuildinghalfwaythroughthenineteenthcenturythatlinkedthenationtogetherasneverbefore.
heUnitedStateshadalreadysurpassedGreatBritaininrailroadconstruction,andparticularlyfromthemid-1860’s,thelatenineteenthcenturybelongedtotherailroads.
1Theword"stimulating"inline5isclosestinmeaningto
a.helping b.changing c.promoting d.influencing
2Theword"their"inline6refersto
a.railroadpioneersb.railroadsc.theinterstatehighwaysystemd.Americansociety
3Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
a.TheUnitedStatesregardedGreatBritainasacompetitorindevelopingthemostefficientrailroadsystem
b.Steamlocomotivepowerwasfirstusedin1832
c.Americanbusinessmensawrailroadsasathreattoestablishedbusinesses
d.Steamlocomotivesreplacedhorsesbecauseofthedistancesacrossthecountry
4Theauthorconcludesthatforthefirstdecadeormore,therewasnotyetatruerailroadsystembecause
a.passengercarswerenotstable,comfortableorlarge
b.locomotiveswerenotpowerfulenough
c.scheduleswereunreliableandwreckswerefrequent
d.lineswererelativelyshortandnotusuallylinked
5Theword"schedules"inline23isclosestinmeaningto:
a.safetyprocedures b.employees c.timetables d.railroadtracks
6WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe1830'sand1840's(line24)
a.passengercarsbecamelargerb.scheduleswerereliable
c.locomotivesbecamemorepowerfuld.trackswereheavier
7Theword"stable"inline26isclosestinmeaningto
a.fixed b.supportive c.reliable d.sound
8Bywhattimehadalmost3,000milesoftrackbeenlaid?
a.1830 b.1836 c.1840 d.mid-1860s
9Theword"surpassed"inline29isclosestinmeaningto
a.exceeded b.beaten c.overtaken d.equaled
10WhereinthepassagedoestheauthoroutlinethemainconclusionsabouttheimportanceofrailroadsinAmerica?
a.Lines3-7 b.Lines14-18 c.Lines19-21 d.Lines29-31
11WhydoestheauthorincludedetailsaboutGreatBritaininthepassage?
a.TocomparedevelopmentsinboththeUnitedStatesandGreatBritain
b.Toillustratethecompetitivenessbetweenthetwocountries
c.ToshowwhereAmericansgottheirideasandtechnologyfrom
d.Toprovideamorecompletehistoricalcontext
TheNobelPeacePrizeisawardedannuallyandthefirstwomantowinthisprizewasBaronessBerthaFelicieSophievonSuttnerin1905.Infact,herworkinspiredthecreationofthePrize.ThefirstAmericanwomantowinthisprizewasJaneAddams,in1931.However,AddamsisbestknownasthefounderofHullHouse.
theWomen'sInternationalLeagueforPeaceandFreedom..Herreputationwasgraduallyrestoredduringthelastyearsofherlife.Shediedofcancerin1935.
12Withwhichofthefollowingsubjectsisthepassagemainlyconcerned?
a.ThefirstawardoftheNobelPeacePrizetoanAmericanwoman
b.Awoman'sworkforsocialreformandworldpeace
c.TheearlydevelopmentofSocialWorkinAmerica
d.ContributionsofeducatedwomentoAmericansociety
13Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
a.theworkofBaronessBerthaFelicieSophievonSuttnerwasaninspirationtoJaneAddams
b.JaneAddamsismostfamousforheropeningofHullHouse
c.thosewholivednearHullHousehadverypoorliteracyskills
d.Janeaddamsconsideredherselfasacitizenoftheworldratherthanofoneparticularcountry
14Theword"commitment"inline6isclosestinmeaningto
a.involvement b.obligation c.dedication d.enthusiasm
15JaneAddamswasinspiredtoopenHullHousebecause:
a.itgaveeducatedwomenanopportunitytousetheireducationanddevelopcareersinsocialwork
b.shetraveledtoEuropeinthe1880s
c.shevisitedToynbeeHall
d.shewasinvitedbya'settlementhouse'inChicago
16Theword"their"inline15refersto
a.childrenofworkingmothersb.middle-classwomen
c.visitingnursesd.laborunionmembers
17Theword"contemporaries"inline18isclosestinmeaningto
a.peopleofthesametime b.famouspeoplestillalive
c.electedofficials d.peopleoldenoughtovote
18Accordingtothepassage,JaneAddams'reputationwasdamagedwhenshe
a.allowedHullHousetobecomeameetingplaceforclubsandlaborunions
b.joinedinthemovementforwomen'ssuffrage
c.becameafoundingmemberoftheNAACP
d.opposedAmerica'sinvolvementinWorldWarI
19WhereinthepassagedoestheauthormentiontheservicesprovidedbyHullHouse?
a.lines5-10 b.lines10-15 c.lines15-20 d.lines20-25
Themedievalartistsdidn'tknowaboutperspective;theydidn'twanttomaketheirpeoplelooklikereal,individualpeopleinareal,individualscene.Theywantedtoshowthetruth,theeternalqualityoftheirreligiousstories.Sotheseartistsdidn'tneedtoknowaboutperspective.
Itistechnicallyeasytogiveanillusionofdepth.However,astrongtwodimensionaldesignisjustasimportantasafeelingofdepth,andperhapsmoreimportant.
20Thepassagemainlydiscusses
a.thedifferencebetweenmedievalandRenaissanceart
b.howthetechniqueofperspectiveinfluencedthemodernart
c.thediscoveryofthetechniqueofperspective
d.thecontributionofRenaissanceartists
21Theword"eternal"inline3isclosestinmeaningto
a.timeless b.infinite c.frequent d.constant
22Accordingtothepassage,whichisthemainconcernformedievalartists?
a.theindividualpersonandhis/herpossessionsandsurroundings
b.realpeople,realscenesc.eternaltimelesstruthoftheearthd.themesofreligiousstories
23Thediscoveryofperspectivewastheresultof
a.Renaissanceartists'toprovethatthemedievalartistscouldshowlevelofreality
b.theneedtoturnanobjectatanangleanddrawmorethanonesideofit
c.thesubjectbeingshiftedfromreligiousstoriestoindividualpersonandsurroundings.
d.naturalevolutionofhumansenses
24Theword"it"inline12refersto
a.thepicture b.perspective c.angle d.theobject
25Theword"Grammar"inline13isclosestinmeaningto
a.construction b.grammaticalrules c.rulesandregulations d.tonesandvolume
26Theauthor'spurposetogivetheexampleinline14-15isto
a.explainhowperspectiveworkinpainting
b.supporttwo-pointedperspective
c.illustratethatthereareexceptionsaboutperspective
d.pointoutthatthetechniqueofperspectivethoughseemssonaturalisaninventedtechnique
27Thefollowingartists'prioritiesinstyleshiftawayfromperspectiveexcept
a.Crivelli b.Cezanne
c.Japaneseartists d.Brunelleschi
28Theword"Illusion"inline25isclosestinmeaningto
a.deception b.photographc.decoration d.illustration
29ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatRenaissanceartists
a.embracedthemedievalstyleofeternaltruth
b.neededtodevelopanewapproachtowardspaintingtoshowanewlevelofreality
c.wereinspiredbyverticalandhorizontalsurfacesininventingthetechniqueofperspective
d.sawtwodimensionaldesignmoreimportantthanafeelingofdepth
Therearetwomainhypotheseswhenitcomestoexplainingtheemergenceofmodernhumans.The'OutofAfrica'theoryholdsthathomosapiensburstontothesceneasanewspeciesaround150,000to200,000yearsagoinAfricaandsubsequentlyreplacedarchaichumanssuchastheNeandertals.
Meanwhile,thedebateamongpaleoanthropologistscontinues,assupportersofthetwohypotheseschallengetheevidenceandconclusionsofeachother.
30Thepassageprimarilydiscusseswhichofthefollowing
a.Evidencethatsupportsthe"OutofAfrica"theory
b.Twohypothesesandsomeevidenceonthehumanoriginsdebate
c.Thedifficultiesinobtainingagreementamongtheoristsonthehumanoriginsdebate
d.Thatfossilsremainverymuchapartofthehumanoriginsdebate
31Theword"emergence"inline1isclosestinmeaningto
plexity b.development c.appearance d.decline
32Theword"proponents"inline6isclosetinmeaningto
a.experts b.advocates c.inspectors d.historians
33Allofthefollowingaretrueexcept
a.threemethodsofgatheringevidencearementionedinthepassage
b.themulti-regionalmodelgoesbackfurtherinhistory.
c.theOutofAfricamodelhashadmoresupportfromscholars
d.DNAstudiesofferoneofthebestwaysinfuturetoprovideclearevidence.
34Theword"slim"inline14isclosestinmeaningto
a.small b.narrow c.thin d.difficult
35Whichofthefollowingisnottrue
a.thevastmajorityofgeneticstudieshavefocusedonlivingpopulations
b.earlymodernhumanskullsallsupportthesameconclusions
c.bothhypothesesfocusonAfricaasalocationforthenewspecies.
d.earlymodernAustralianskullshavesimilaritiestothosefromIndonesia.
36Inline18,theword"their"referstowhichofthefollowing
a.MiddleEasternersandAfricansb.skullsc.centralEuropeansandAustraliansd.traits
37WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthetwohypotheses
a.BothhypothesesregardNeandertalstobethepredecessorsofmodernhumans
b.Geneticstudieshavesupportedbothhypotheses
c.BothhypothesesciteAfricaasanoriginatinglocation.
d.Onehypothesisdatestheemergenceofhomosapiensmuchearlierthantheother.
38Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat
a.thereislikelytobeanendtothedebateinthenearfuture
b.thedebatewillinteresthistorianstotakepartin
c.thedebateislikelytobele
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