自考+英美文学复习重点.docx
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自考+英美文学复习重点.docx
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自考+英美文学复习重点
EnglishLiterature
OldEnglish450-1066MedievalEnglish1066-middle14thcentury⑴ GeoffreyChaucer-thefatherofEnglishpoetry.firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’?
TheRenaissance-rebirthorrevivalHumanism-theessenceoftheRenaissance,thedignityofhumanbeing;theimportanceofthepresentlife.⑵EdmundSpenser-thepoets‘poet
⑶ChristopherMarlowe-UniversityWits,thepioneerofEnglishdrama.Blankverse,hyperbole夸张.thehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappinesspastorallife⑷WilliamShakespeare-aboveallwritersinthepastandinthepresenttime
Fourtragedies-Hamlet,Othello,KingLearMacbeth
eternalorimmortalbeauty
topraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,toexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutalityhesitatebetweenfactandfiction,languageandaction,toosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleofastagerevenger
Tobe,ornottobe-toliveoninthisworldortodie;tosufferortotakeaction
Soliloquyormonologue-fullyrevealtheinnerconflictofthecharacters
FrancisBacon-brevity,compactnesspowerfulness,hisessaysisanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishproseInductivemethod归纳法inplaceofdeductivemethod演绎法usesandbenefitsofstudy-studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Studiesperfectnature,andareperfectedbyexperience.Differentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies-studiesandexperiencearecomplementary互补toeachother.Thecorrectattitudetoreadingbooks-toweighandconsider.Howstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharacter-readingmakethafullman,conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.
JohnDonne
metaphysicalpoetry-breakawayfromlovepoetry,aseeminglyunfocuseddiversityofexperiencesandattitudes,andafreerangeoffeelingsandmoodsConceits,syllogism三段论
thebusysunisalwaysreadytointerferewithotherthingsandeverywhere
whateveryouare,youcannotescapefromdeath.Whenyouareliving,youarealwaysintheshadowofdeath.Deathonlylastsamoment,ourlifeafterdeathiseternal.Themorepleasurethedeathgivespeople,notonlythepleasureoftherestthesleep,because‘whomthegodslovedieyoung’。
Thoughdeathisusuallyconsideredpowerful,itactuallyprovidesarestforaman‘sbodyandabirthforhissoul.
JohnMilton
theonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.Theconflictisbetweenhumanloveandspiritualduty.Inheaven,SatanledarebellionagainstGodwithhisunconquerablewill.
themostperfectexampleoftheversedramaaftertheGreekstyleinEnglish.
Neoclassicism-arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion抑制情感accuracyEnlightenment-aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equalityscience
Gothicnovel-mystery,violence,horror,hauntedcastles
JohnBunyan天路历程hisstylewasmodeledaftertheenglishbible.
from,areligiousallegory,pursuethetruth(lifeasajourney).
AlexanderPope
apoemwritteninheroiccouplets,criticizethepresentpoemlackoftruetastecallonpeopletoturntotheoldGreekandRomanwritersforguidance,‘truewit’isbestsetinaplain(simpleclear)style.
DanielDefoe-thefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,praisethehumanlaborandthePuritanfortitude清教徒坚韧
JonathanSwift-amastersatiristInhisopinion,humannatureisseriouslyandpermanentlyflawed
“Properwordsinproperplaces”
fourparts-Lilliput,Brobdingnag,FlyingIslandHouyhnhnm
HenryFielding-FatherofEnglishnovel,ProseHomerComicepicinprose
SamuelJohnson-firstcombineanEnglishdictionary,lastneoclassicistenlightener
RichardBrinsleySheridan-theonlyimportantEnglishdramatistofthe18thcentury.{TheRivalsandTheschoolforScandle(LadySneerwell,Mrs.Candour.SirBenjaminBackbite,JosephSurface,CharlesSurface)}
andareregardedasimportantlinksbetweenthemasterpiecesofShakespeareandthoseofBernardShaw.
ThomasGray
TheGraveyardSchool
Romantic-emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace
TheromanticperiodbeganwiththepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge‘s
WilliamBlake-engraver雕刻家
fromahappyandinnocenceworldfromchildren’seye
fromaworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholy忧郁的tonefrommeneyesChildhood,paradoxes,apairingofopposites
WilliamWordsworth-theleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry,simple,spontaneous,worshipperofnature‘LakePoets’-WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridgeRobertSouthey.Hedefinesthepoetasa‘manspeakingtomen’,andpoetryas‘thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings,whichoriginatesinemotionrecollectedintranquillity。
hepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils水仙andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.
thesonnetdescribesavividpictureofabeautifulmorninginLondon,silent,bright,glittering,smokelessmildly.Itissotouchingasightthatthepoetexpressedhisreligionpiety虔诚fornature.
thankstopoet’srichimagination,themassofassociations,thiscommonplacehappeningbecomesastrikingevent,thepoetsucceedsinmakingthereader’ssharehisemotion.Thepoemalsoshowsthepoet‘spassionateloveofnature.
SamuelTaylorColeridge-supernatural,remotePoetcanbedividedintotwogroups-thedemonic(supernatural)theconversational
Thedemonicgroupincludes3masterpieces
GeorgeGordonByron
“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.Suchaheroappearsfirstin.
“willdiefighting,orlivefree”theLudditesdestroyedthemachinesintheirprotestagainstunemployment.Thepoet’sgreatsympathyoftheworkersintheirstruggleagainstthecapitalistsisclearlyshown.
from(themasterpieceofByron,alongsatiricalpoem),songbyaGreeksingerattheweddingofDonJuanandHaidee.‘FillhighthebowlwithSamianwine’?
PercyByssheShelley
terzarima,destructive-constructivepotential,hopeful,“Ifalluponthethornsoflife!
Ibleed,”“IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?
’
JohnKeats
4greatodes-
thecontrastbetweenthepermanenceofartandthetransience短暂ofhumanpassion,‘Heardmelodiesaresweet,butthoseunheardaresweeter’,‘Beautyistruth,truthbeauty’
JaneAusten
TheVictorianPeriod
Darwin”sandshookthetraditionalfaith,everythingiscreatedbyGodUtilitarianism功利主义waswidelyacceptedandpracticedCriticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople
CharlesDickens-oneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge
Character-portrayalisthemostdistinguishingfeatureofhisworksAminglingofhumorandpathos悲伤
TheBronteSisters-Charlotte,EmilyAnneEmily,aratherreservedandsimplegirl,wasverymuchachildofnature.
AlfredTennyson-inventsdramaticmonologue,PoetLaureate桂冠诗人,arealartist
hedeathofhisbestfriend,hissadnessfeelingarecontrastedwiththecarefree,innocentjoysofthechildrenandtheunfeelingmovementoftheshipandtheseawaves
wecanfeelhisfearlessnesstowardsdeath,hisfaithinGodandanafterlife.“Crossingthebar”meansleavingthisworldandenteringthenextworld
notendurethepeacefulcommonplaceeverydaylife,oldasheis,hepersuadeshisoldfollowerstogowithhimandtosetsailagaintopursueanewworldandnewknowledge,dramaticmonologue,“Myselfnotleast”buthonour’dofthemall‘meansIamnottheleastimportant,but
honouredbyallofthem
RobertBrowning-themostoriginalpoet,whoimproveandmaturethedramaticmonologue
hismasterpiece
thisdramaticmonologueistheduke‘sspeechaddressedtotheagentwhocomestonegotiatethemarriage,thedukeisaself-conceited,cruelandtyrannicalman
GeorgeEliot:
Asawomanofexceptional特有的intelligenceandlifeexperience,sheshowsaparticularconcernforthedestinyofwomen
asharpcontrastissetbetweenthecold,lifeless,dullhouseandDorotheawhoisfullofyouthfullifeandvigor
ThomasHardy-bothanaturalisticandacriticalrealistwriterLocal-colored,Wessex,‘novelsofcharacterandenvironment’
experienceisastointensity,andnotastoduration
AmericanRomanticPeriod
StartedwithWashingtonIrving‘sandendedwithWhitman’s,alsocalled‘theAmericanRenaissance’Freeexpressionofemotion,escapesfromsociety,andreturntonatureNewEnglandTranscendentalism
WashingtonIrving-fatheroftheAmericanshortstories,theAmericanGoldsmith
PerfectedthebestclassicstylethatAmericanliteratureeverproduced
Firstnovel
containsGermanfolktales,
RalphWaldoEmerson-thespokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalismmovement
areflectionupontheaestheticproblemsintermsofthepresentstateofliteratureinAmerica
adiscussionabouttheconflictbetweenidealismandordinarylifeAmericanPuritanism,EuropeanRomanticism,intuitiveknowledge,over-soul,individual,nature
isregardedastheBibleofNewEnglandTranscendentalism
NathanielHawthorne
Interioroftheheart,thereisevilineveryhumanheart,whichmayremainlatent,perhaps,throughthewholelife,butcircumstancesmayrouseittoactivity
WaltWhitman
Openness,freedom,individualism
I-me,mynation(society),Freeverse,Envelopestructure,Catalogue(Listing)
Anewideal,anewworld,anewlife-style
h
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