专用车辆设计考试题及答案Special vehicle design examination questions and answers.docx
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专用车辆设计考试题及答案Special vehicle design examination questions and answers.docx
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专用车辆设计考试题及答案Specialvehicledesignexaminationquestionsandanswers
专用车辆设计考试题及答案(Specialvehicledesignexaminationquestionsandanswers)
1.Whatisthespecialcar?
A:
thecarisequippedwithspecialequipment,specialtransporttaskorjobtask,habitsarealsoinabasicmodelofthevariouschassis,convertedintoallkindsofcarsalsocalledspecialvehicles
2.Classificationofspecialcars?
Answer:
accordingtousepoint:
highwaytransporttypespecialcar,operationtypeprofessionalcar.Accordingtobasicstructure:
dumptruck,van,truck,containercar,trailersemi-trailer,operatingcar.Accordingtotheserviceobject:
businessserviceclass,changetoenvironmentalprotectionclass,constructionworkclass,agricultureandvicefishery,petroleumgeologyclass
Airportoperations,medicalandhealthclasses,publicsecurityfirecontrol,forestrytransportationandgeneralpurposeclasses.
3.Reasonsfortherapiddevelopmentofspecialvehicles?
Answer:
a,improvetransportefficiencyreducetransportcosts,reducethelossofthegoodsintransportationbespeciallytomaintainthequalityofthegoodsandthepracticalvalueofc,savethepackagingcost,shorteningthetimeofloadingandunloadingofgoodsd,hightechnicalcontent,highprofite,promotethedevelopmentofnationaleconomy
Developmentprospectsandtrendsofspecialvehicles?
Answer:
1.Highwayspecialcar:
atransportationclassvehiclebmanagementclassvehicle2.Oilfieldspecialcar3.Airportspecialcar4
5.Thelawofspecialcarschangingwiththemarket?
Answer:
X=f(y1,y2,···,yn),Xistheinfluencefactorofdemand,y1,y2,and·equationX
6.Characteristicsandrequirementsofspecialvehicledesign?
Answer:
a,variety,batchofb,excellentspecialfunctionashismaintargetc,productserializationd,tocomplywiththeone-piece,smallbatchproductionprocess.
7.Whatarethegenerallayoutparametersofthecar,andwhichperformancedotheyaffect?
Answer:
thegenerallayoutparametersinclude:
externalprofile,wheelbase,wheelbase,axialloaddistribution,automobileadoptionparameters,weightparameters.
Externalprofiledimensionsaffectthewheelbase,wheelbase,cabandbodylayout.Thewheelbaseaffectsthetotallengthofthecar,theloaddistribution,theload,theloadingareaorvolume,theminimumturningradius,thelongitudinalradius,themaneuverabilityandstabilityofthecar.Theloaddistributionoftheautomobileshaftsaffectsthepowerofthecar,thestability,theactivity,thelifeofthetire.
8.Conditionsforthecarnottobeoverturned?
Theverticalflip?
A:
makesuredon'thappenrolloverconditions:
B/2hg>Ψ(Bisthelateralwidth,Ψattachmentcoefficientis0.70.8,hgishighcenterofgravity)
Ensurenothappenlongitudinaldoubleconditions:
whentheL2
L2=G1*L/Ga.
9.WhyshouldtheenginetiltanAngle?
Answer:
inordertoreducetheAngleofthedriveshaftdrive,theAngleoftheAngleistoolargetoaffecttransmissionefficiency.Relativeframe(enginecrankshaftcenterlineplaneshouldhaveacertainAngle,theAngleshouldnotbetoolarge,otherwisethecarburetoroilleveltilt,affectthenormaloil,lubricatingoilpansurfacetilt,affectthenormallubrication.)
10.Problemstobeconsideredinbatterylayout?
Answer:
inordertoshortenthecircuit,thebatteryshouldbeplacednearthestarter.
Howtoimprovethecriticalspeedofthecar?
Answer:
byformula:
NGR=1.2*10square(Dsquared=Dsquared)/L,itcanbeknownthattheinnerdiameterofthetransmissionshaft,theouterdiameterandthelengthofthedrivingshaftcanincreasethecriticalspeed.
12.Thesizeofthefrontwheelisdeterminedbythosefactors?
Afterthewheelbase?
A:
frontwheelpitch:
frontwidthoftheframe,theformandsizeofthefrontsuspension,thefronttirewidthtothepullrodandthegapbetweenthesteeringwheelandtheframe.
Rearwheelrange:
therearwidthoftheframe,thewidthofthespringsteelspring,thespringandtheframebetweentheframeandthewheel.
13.Howdoesthedistributionofaxialloadaffecttheperformanceofthecar?
A:
automobilepower,maneuverability,maneuverabilityandadoptionandthewheel.
14.Whatisthetireloadfactor?
Howmuchistheloadfactorreasonable?
Answer:
loadfactor:
thestaticloadofthetireistheratiooftheratedloadofthetire,theidealvalueis1,andmostcarsarebetween0.9and1.1.Generally,thedemandforreloadingcarisnotlessthan1.1.Ifthecoefficientis1.2,thelifelifewillbereducedby30%.
Toosmall:
totalqualityincreases,non-suspensionqualityalsoappearsexcessive.Excessivetyrewear.
15.Howtosolvethestressconcentrationproblemwhenthespecialdeviceisarrangedontheframe?
A:
vehiclewithoutdamagingthehostusuallyundertheconditionofframestructure,adoptingauxiliaryframe,theconcentratedloadisconcentratedonthemainframe,inordertoavoidbecauseoftheframeforthestrengtheningofauxiliaryframe,makerapidchangesincrosssectionstresscausedbystressconcentration,pairofframe
Thefrontendshouldbeagradualtransition,whilethefrontendoftheauxiliaryframeshouldbeextendedtothebackofthecab.
Whatistheroleofthespecialcarpoweroutputdevice?
A:
transferthepoweroftheenginetothededicatedequipmentneeded.
Whataretheforcepositions?
Answer:
thefrontandbackendoftheengine,orfromtheexternaldrivingshaft,theupperendofthetransmission,thesideofthetransmission,therearpartoftheflywheel,andthetransfer.
18.Whichpowertransfermodeisusedbetweentheoutputshaftoftheforcedeviceandtheinputshaftofthespecialdevice?
Answer:
mechanical,hydraulic,airpressure,electricity.
19.Describethedynamicparametersofthecar?
Answer:
topspeed,accelerationperformance,slopeperformance,ratioofpower,torque.
20.Economicparameters?
Answer:
equalspeed100kilometersoffuelconsumption,accelerationof100kilometersoffuelconsumption,cyclicoperation100kilometersfuelconsumption.
21,themobilityparameters?
Answer:
brakingperformance(brakingdistance,brakingspeed,brakingforce)brakingstability.
Bysex?
Answer:
minimumclearance,closeAngle,departureAngle,longitudinalradius.
23.Classificationoftanks?
Answer:
powdertanktruck,liquidtankcar,particletankcar,gastankcar,otherspecialtankcar
24.Thecarryingmodeofthetankcar?
A:
semi-bearingandall-bearing
Whatisthecharacteristicsofasemi-carryingcar?
Answer:
thereisaframe,thecarloadismainlybornebytheframe,thetankboreasmallpart.Lowstrengthdemand,butalsosmallload.
26.Characteristicsofall-bearingtruck?
Answer:
noframe,thetankcanbearalltheload,thestrengthrequirementishigh,theloadislarge,improvethetransportationefficiency.
27.Commonlyusedshapesoftanks?
Features?
Answer:
a,circle:
materialutilizationfactorhashighstrength,stiffnessandbearingcapacityisstrong,thecenterofmassishigh,poorstability,bettermechanical,goodmanufacturability,ellipticb:
materialutilizationrateislow,centerofmassislow,goodstability,goodmechanicalc,oblong,materialutilizationrateisnothigh
Centerofmassislow,thelateralstabilityisgood,goodstressd,drum-shaped:
materialutilizationrateislow,centerofmassislow,goodstability,goodmechanicale,roundtrapezoidal:
materialutilizationrateislow,centerofmassislow,goodstabilityandgoodmechanical,poormanufacturabilityg,lowmaterialutilization,highcenterofmass
Poorstability,poorstress,poorworkmanship.Invertedconvexshape:
makefulluseofchassisspace,goodpollution,lowmaterialutilization,lowquality,goodstability,goodforceandpoorprocess.
28.Winchform?
Prosandcons?
Answer:
driveform:
amanpowerdrive,bpressure-mechanicaldrive,chydraulic-mechanicaldrive.Delectricdrive.Advantagesanddisadvantages:
ahumanpowerstructureissimple,donotneedspecialtransmissionmechanism,handdirecteffectonthewinch,forceshouldnotbemorethan150n,generalhosediameterisnotbig,winchstructuresmalldrivesolutions
Bpressureandhydraulicdrivesavemanpower,gassourceandhighpressureoilcanbeobtainedbythecaritself,donotneedspecialpowersystem,applywidely.Celectricdrivestructureissimpleandcompact,butmustbeequippedwithexplosion-proofmeasures.
29.Whatarethewinchdrivingmoment?
Answer:
drivingmomentM=Mf1+Mf2+Mf3+Mf4,includingfrictionresistancemoment(Mf1)generatedbythesealingring(Mf2),resistancemoment(Mf2)generatedbythetubeandgroundfriction(Mf3),theinertiaresistancemomentofthewinch(Mf4).
Howdidthestaticelectricityinthetankcarcomeintobeing?
Theharm?
Answer:
generationreason:
mainisbyoneselfchargeandinductioncharge.Damage:
apartfrominjuriesandtheexplosionoffuelandfuel,itwillalsoaffecttheenvironmentandsafetyofpersonnel.Measures:
aisgroundedwhenused,andthemetalchainisincontactwiththegroundatmorethan200mmwhendriving,whilethemetalneedleisinsertedintothegroundduringoperation.
Blimitstheflowrateoffluidinthepipe,celectrostaticneutralizationanddcoating.
31.Materialsandfeaturesofthetank?
1).Commonlowcarbonsteelplate:
goodmechanicalproperties,goodstrengthtoughnessandgoodweldingperformance,goodprocessandlowprice;Anti-corrosionperformanceisnotgood,whentransportingcorrosivearticles,alwaysuseinternalwalltopreventcorrosionmaterials.Usedtotransportfood,cement,coal,oil,water,dung.
2)lowalloysteelplate:
highstrengthtoughnessandcanwithstandhighe
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