南京师范大学0307语言学真题.docx
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南京师范大学0307语言学真题.docx
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南京师范大学0307语言学真题
2003年南师大英语语言学考试题目---初试
一、单选题。
1.Thescholarswhoputforwardinteractionhypothesishold________.
A)languageacquisitionisaprocessof“stimulus-response”.
B)humansarepredisposedtoacquirealanguage.
C)human’slinguisticpotentialitymustbecombinedwiththeenvironment.
D)human’slinguisticenvironmentcanbeignoredaslongashumanshavelanguageacquisitiondevice.
2.AmericanBlackEnglishis_______.
A)asocialvariety B)aregionalvariety
C)acombinationofsocialandregionaldialect. D)atemporaldialect
3.AccordingtoBasilBernstein,elaboratedcodeisextensivelyusedby_________.
A)middleclasspeopleandtheirchildren.
B)working-classpeopleandtheirchildren.
C)bothmiddleclassandworkingclasspeople
D)parentsofchildrenwithoutanydistinctionofsocialbackground.
4. Readthefollowingtwosentencesanddecidewhatkindoferrorthelearnercommitsinthesecondsentence:
HepracticedEnglishalotlastmonth.
(1)
*Shecomedbackhomeearlyyesterday.
(2)
Theerrorinthesecondsentencebelongstothecategoryof___________.
A)mothertongueinterference B)overgeneralization
C)cross-association D)performanceerror
5.IntheSemanticTriangleadvancedbyOgdenandRichards,“thoughtorreference”is______.
A)word,sentence B)theobject C)concept D)symbol
6.Theword“laze”isanexampleof_______inwordformation.
A)acronym B)blending C)functionalshift D)backformation
7. Pragmaticsisastudyof________.
A)languagelearning B)languageacquisition
C)languageplanning D)languageinuse
8.Alinguistisinterestedin_________.
A)whatissaid B)whatisrightbothinsyntaxandinsemantics
C)whatisgrammatical D)whatoughttobesaid
9.InEnglishelementsinconstructionaregenerally_______.
A)linear B)continuous C)discontinuous D)endocentric
10.__________isasoundproducedbybringingthetipofthetongueintocontactwiththeupperteethtocreatetheobstruction.
A)Analveolar B)Abilabial C)Apalatal D)Adental
二、名词解释
1.linguisticuniversals 2.languageacquisitiondevice:
3.culturaldiffusion 4.suggestopedia:
5.polysemy 6.utterancemeaning:
7.coinage 8.articulatoryphonetics:
9.endocentricconstruction 10.structuralchange:
三、判断
1.AccordingtoChomsky,theword“competence”isnotlimitedtotheabilityofanidealnativespeakertoconstructandrecognizegrammaticalsentencesinhislanguage.
2.Eskimoshavecountlesswordsforsnowbecausesnowissocommonintheirculturethattheyregarditfarlessimportant.
3.PlatoandAristotlearguedthatthecategoriesofthoughtdeterminedthecategoriesoflanguage.
4.Audiolingualism,contrarytoAmericanstructuralismandbehavioristpsychology,emphasizestheimportanceofregularpatterns.
5.PeopleinthewesttendtoverbalizetheirgratitudeandcomplimentslessthanChinesespeakers.
6.Itisunlikelythatthereisaprelinguisticstagewhenbabiesjustbabble.
7.Whenvarietiesareclassifiedintermsofuse,theyarecalledregisters.
8.Fromsociologicalviewwecanderivemeaningfromcontext.
9.Therelationshipbetween“alligator”and“reptile”ishomonymy.
10.Denotationidtheadditionalmeaningthananexpressioncarrieswhileoftenshowspeople’sattitudesoremotionstowardsthesubjectsbeingtalkedabout.
11.SpeechacttheorywasproposedbyAustinandhasbeendevelopedbyGrice.
12.Alanguageisweakenedwhenitborrowslargenumbersofwordsfromotherlanguages.
13.Searlesuggests5basiccategoriesofillocutionaryactsasfollows:
assertives,commissives,expressives,informativesanddeclarations.
14.Thereisasinglecauseoflanguagechange.
15.Morphologyreferstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwords,andtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.
16.Spokenutterancessharesomecommonlinguisticfeatureswithwrittenutterances.
17.Asmallsetofrulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences,allofwhichareidiomatic.
18.ICanalysisshowslinearrelationship,soithelpstoaccountfortheambiguityofcertainconstructions.
19.Linguistsareinterestedinthesoundsthatconveymeaninginhumanlinguisticcommunication.
20.Simplyspeaking,amorphemecanbedefinedasaminimalunitofmeaning.
四、问答
1.Ofallthetheoriesyouhavelearnedonlanguageacquisition,whichoneseemstoyoumostreasonable?
Why?
2.Pointoutthemarkeddifferencesbetweensociolinguisticstudyandtraditionallinguisticstudies.
3.HowdoesthefollowingexchangeofconversationillustratethePolitenessPrinciple?
A:
We’llmissBillandAgatha,won’tyou?
B:
Well,we’llmissBILL.
4.Whatisthedistinctionbetweensenseandreference?
5.Howdoyoutellcompoundsfromthenoncompoundedwordsequence?
6.WhatarethetwocriteriasuggestedbyChomskyforjudginggrammar?
2003年南师大英语语言学考试题目---复试
一、判断
Passageone:
Thestudyofhowwedothingswithsentenceisthestudyofspeechacts.Instudyingspeechacts,weareacutelyawareoftheimportanceofthecontextofutterance.InsomecircumstancesThereisasheepdogintheclosetisawarning,butthesamesentencemaybeapromiseorevenamerestatementoffact,dependingoncircumstances.Wecallthispurpose----awarning,apromise,athreat,orwhatever----theillocutionaryforceofaspeechact.
Speechacttheoryaimstotelluswhenweappeartoaskquestionsbutarereallygivingorders,orwhenwesayonethingwithspecial(sarcastic)intonationandmeantheopposite.Thus,atadinnertable,thequestionCanyoupassthesalt?
meanstheorderPassthesalt!
Itisnotarequestforinformation,andyesisaninappropriateresponse.
1.Illocutionaryactsarespecialcaseofspeechacts,referringtothespeaker’sintentioninutteringsomething.
2.Becausetheillocutionaryforceofaspeechactdependsonthecontextoftheutterance,speechacttheoryisapartofpragmatics.
3.Inmostcases,theillocutionaryforceof“Lookout!
”isasuggestion.
4.ThespeechacttheoryoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosophyJohnAustininthelate70’s.
5.BillyandJoewerelong-timepals.OnetimeBillywasindesperateneedofmoney.Hiscarhadbrokendownandheneeded$300tofixit.So,heaskedJoeforaload.JoesaidhecouldlendBillythemoney.ThismadeBillyhappyandhesaidtoJoe;
(a)“Youareaterriblefriend.”
Itisnon-sarcasticanswer.
(b)“Youareafinefriend.”
Itisasarcasticone.
Passagetwo
InflectionalisatermusedinMorphologytorefertooneofthetwomaincategoriesorprocessesofswordformation,theotherbeingderivational.Thesetermsalsoapplytothetwotypesofaffixinvolvedinwordformation.Inflectionalaffixessignalgrammaticalrelationships,suchasplural,pasttenseandpossession,anddonotchangethegrammaticalclassofthestemstwhichtheyareattached;thatis,thewordsconstituteasingleparadigm,e.g.walk,walks,walked.Awordissaidto“inflectfor”pasttense,plural,etc.Intraditional(pre-linguistic)grammaticalstudies,theterm“accidence”wasusedinthissense.
Inthephraseinflectinglanguage(“inflectional”or“inflected”language),thetermreferstoatypeoflanguageestablishedbycomparativelinguisticsusingstructural(asopposedtodiachronic)criteria,andfocusingonthecharacteristicsoftheword.Inthiskindoflanguage,wordsdisplaygrammaticalrelationshipsmorphologically:
theytypicallycontainmorethanonemorphemebut,unlikeagglutinativelanguages,thereisnoone-to-onecorrespondencebetweenthesemorphemesandthelinearsequenceofmorphs.InlanguagessuchasLatin,Greek,Arabicetc.theinflectionalformsofwordsmayrepresentseveralmorphologicaloppositions,e.g.inLatinamo(Ilove),theformsimultaneouslyrepresentspresenttense,active,firstpersonsingular,indicative.This“fusing”ofpropertieshasledtosuchlanguagesbeingcalledfusionalandhadmotivatedtheword-and-amodelofanalysis.Asalwaysinsuchclassifications,thecategoriesarenotclear-cut:
differentlanguageswilldisplaythecharacteristicofinflectiontoagreaterorlesserdegree.
1.Alanguageinwhichnounshaveinflectionalpropertiesisaninflectionallanguage.
2.Theaffix“un-”or“dis-”isaninflectionalaffix.
3.Theagglutinativelanguageisalanguagethattypicallyexpressesconceptsincomplexwordsconsistingofmanyelements,ratherthanbyinflectionorbyusingisolatedelements.
4.ManyEnglishadjectiveshaveinflectionalproperties.
5.TheChineselanguageisanagglutinativelanguage.
Passagethree
Eachtonguedrawsacircleaboutthepeoplewhomitbelongs,anditispossibletoleavethiscircleonlybysimultaneouslyenteringthatofanotherpeople.Learningaforeignlanguageoughthencetobetheconquestofanewstandpointinthepreviouslyprevailingcosmicattitudeoftheindividual.Infact,itissotoacertainextent,inasmuchaseverylanguagecontainstheentirefabricofconceptsandtheconceptualapproachofaportionofhumanity.Butthisachievementisnotcomplete,becauseonealwayscarriesoverintoaforeigntonguetoagreaterorlesserdegreeone’sowncosmicviewpoint—indeedone’spersonallinguisticpattern.
(vonHumboldt[1836]1971:
39-40)
1.Thispassagemainlydiscussestherelationshipbetweenone’spersonallinguisticpatternandaforeignlanguage.
2.Accordingtotheauthorofthispassage,languageisapowerfulinstrumentthatallowsustomakesenseoftheworld.
3.Thispassagerevealsthefactthatone’sowncosmicviewpointde
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