高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 172.docx
- 文档编号:10486860
- 上传时间:2023-02-13
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:10
- 大小:24.61KB
高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 172.docx
《高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 172.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 172.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day172
高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day172
Passage1
Accordingtoanewstudy,teensfocusonrewardsandhaveahardtimelearningtoavoidpunishmentorconsidertheconsequencesofalternativeactions.
UniversityCollegeLondonresearcherscomparedhowteensandadultslearntomakechoicesbasedontheavailableinformation.Theytrackedthewayinwhich18volunteersaged12-17and20volunteersaged18-32completedtasksinwhichtheyhadtochoosebetweenabstractsymbols.
Eachsymbolwasconsistentlyassociatedwithafixedchanceofareward,punishment,ornooutcome.Asthetrialprogressed,participantslearnedwhichsymbolswerelikelytoleadtoeachoutcomeandadjustedtheirchoicesaccordingly.Teensandadultswereequallygoodatlearningtochoosesymbolsassociatedwithreward,butteenswerelessgoodatavoidingsymbolsassociatedwithpunishment.Adultsalsoperformedsignificantlybetterwhentheyweretoldwhatwouldhavehappenediftheyhadchosentheothersymbolaftereachchoice,whileteensdidnotappeartotakethisinformationintoaccount.
“Fromthisexperimentallabstudywecandrawconclusionsaboutlearningduringtheteenyears.Wefindthatteensandadultslearnindifferentways,somethingthatmightberelevanttoeducation,"saidleadauthorDr.StefanoPalminteri."Unlikeadults,teensarenotsogoodatlearningtoadjusttheirchoicestoavoidpunishment.Thissuggeststhatincentivesystemsbasedonrewardratherthanpunishmentmaybemoreeffectiveforthisagegroup.Additionally,wefoundthatteensdidnotlearnfrombeingshownwhatwouldhavehappenediftheymadealternativechoices."
Tointerprettheresults,theresearchersdevelopedcomputationalmodelsoflearningandransimulations(模拟)applyingthemtotheresultsofthestudy.Thefirstwasasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,andthesecondmodeladdedtothisbyalsolearningfromtheoptionthatwasnotchosen.Thethirdmodelwasthemostcompleteandtookthefullcontextintoaccount,withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.Forexample,obtainingnooutcomeratherthanlosingapointisweightedequallytogainingapointratherthanhavingnooutcome.
Comparingtheexperimentaldatatothemodels,theteamfoundthatteens"behaviorfollowedthesimplereward-basedmodelwhileadults"behaviormatchedthecomplete,contextualmodel.“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue,”saidseniorauthorDr.Sarah-JayneBlakemore.“Asaresult,itmaybeusefulforparentsandteacherstoframethingsinmorepositiveterms.”
1.Itcanbelearnedfromthestudythat.
A.adultsmadechoicesfasterthanteens
B.adultsunderstoodrewardsbetterthanteens
C.teensreactedbettertorewardthanpunishment
D.teenswereawareoftheoutcomeofeachchoice
2.Whatdoweknowaboutthethreecomputationalmodels?
A.Theyreflectedpeople’sstrongdesireforpunishmentavoidance.
B.Theygavecircumstancesdifferentdegreesofconsideration.
C.Theypaidequalattentiontorewardandpunishment.
D.Theyshapedthebehaviorofpeopleatdifferentages.
3.Theunderlinedword“receptive"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans.
A.accustomedB.opposed
C.sympatheticD.responsive
4.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsworksbestforteens?
A.“Ifyouinsistondoingthingsinthisway,youwilllosetenpoints."
B.“Ifwehadtalkedaboutthisearlier,youwouldn’thavemadethemistake."
C.“Ifyouhandinyourassignmentaheadoftime,youwillgetanextrabonus."
D.“Ifyouwanttoapproachaproblemdifferently,youcantalktoyourparents."
Passage2
PigeonsinLondonhaveabadreputation.Somepeoplecallthemflyingrats.Andmanyblamethemforcausingpollutionwiththeirdroppings.Butnowthebirdsarebeingusedtofightanotherkindofpollutioninthiscityof8.5million.
“Theproblemforairpollutionisthatit’sbeenlargelyignoredasanissueforalongtime,”saysAndreaLee,whoworksfortheLondon-basedenvironmentalorganizationClientEarth.“Peopledon’trealizehowbaditis,andhowitactuallyaffectstheirhealth.”London’spoorairqualityislinkedtonearly10,000earlydeathsayear.Leesays,citing(引用)areportreleasedbythecitymanagerlastyear.Ifpeoplewerebetterinformedaboutthepollutionthey’rebreathing,shesays,theycouldpressurethegovernmenttodosomethingaboutit.
Nearby,onawindyhillinLondon’sRegent’sPark,anexperimentisunderwaythatcouldhelp—thefirstweekofflightsbythePigeonAirPatrol.ItallbeganwhenPierreDuquesnoy,thedirectorforDigitasLBi,amarketingfirm,wonaLondonDesignFestivalcontestlastyeartoshowhowaworldproblemcouldbesolvedusingTwitter.Duquesnoy,fromFrance,chosetheproblemofairpollution.
“Basically,Irealizedhowimportanttheproblemwas,”hesays.“ButalsoIrealizedthatmostofthepeoplearoundmedidn’tknowanythingaboutit.”Duquesnoysayshewantstobettermeasurepollution,whileatthesametimemakingtheresultsaccessibletothepublicthroughTwitter.
“So”,hewondered,“howcouldwegoacrossthecityquicklycollectingasmuchdataaspossible?
”Droneswerehisfirstthought.Butit’sillegaltoflythemoverLondon.“ButpigeonscanflyaboveLondon,right?
”hesays.“Theylive—actually,theyareLondonersaswell.So,yeah,Ithoughtaboutusingpigeonsequippedwithmobileapps.Andwecanusenotjuststreetpigeons,butracingpigeons,becausetheyflyprettyquicklyandprettylow.”
SoitmightbetimeforLondonerstohavemorerespectfortheirpigeons.Thebirdsmayjustbehelpingtoimprovethequalityofthecity’sair.
1.WhatcanweinferaboutLondon’sairqualityfromParagraph2?
A.Londonersareverysatisfiedwithit.
B.Thegovernmentistryingtoimproveit.
C.Londonersshouldpaymoreattentiontoit.
D.Thegovernmenthasdonealottoimproveit.
2.DuquesnoyattendedtheLondonDesignFestivalto_________.
A.entertainLondoners.B.solveaworldproblem.
C.designaproductforsale.D.protectanimalslikepigeons.
3.WhydidDuquesnoygiveupusingdronestoflyacrossLondon?
A.Becausetheyaretooexpensive.B.Becausetheyflytooquickly.
C.Becausetheyareforbidden.D.Becausetheyflytoohigh.
4.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.CleanairinLondon.B.London’sdirtysecret.
C.London’snewpollutionfighter.D.CausesofairpollutioninLondon.
Passage3
Developinghealthyeatinghabitsstartsfromchildhood,thereforeitisimportantforparentstoteachandprovidechildrenwithahealthydiet.DPHSSadministratoroftheBureauofNutritionServices,CharlieMorristoldKUAMNews,“Ahealthydietforachildconsistsofalotoffruitsandvegetablesinthedietlimitingtheamountofsimplesugarsinthedietandhighfatfoodandhighlyprocessedfood.”
Thismeansstayingawayasmuchaspossiblefromfoodsuchaschips,cookies,candiesandsugardrinks,asallchildrenneedtohavemealswhichinvolveawell-balanceddiet.CommunitynutritionistThelmaRomososaid,“Thefruit,thevegetable,thegrain,theprotein,andalsothemilk,thediaryproduct,soforthefruitsit’seasyforamothertogointothetwoplusthreeconceptoffruitsandvegetablesorfiveaday.”
Thisconceptmeansthatthereareatleasttwoservingsoffruitsaday,threeservingsofvegetablesadaywhichcanbeservedforlunchanddinner.Asforproteinparentscanmakeavarietyofdishesfromchicken,beef,fishorevendriedbeansto
thechildgetsthreeservingsaday.
Morrissaidthatthechild’sHungerlevelcontrolshowmuchiseatenandtheparentcontrolswhatandwhenthemealisoffered,saying,“Momneedstoensurethatthefoodofferedisgoodfoodforthechildtoeatandthroughoutthedaydependingonhowactivetheyare,snacksarenotabadthing,sothemomshouldoffergoodkindsofsnacks.”
Whenitcomestopreparingyourchild’slunchandsnacksforschool,makesuretokeepinmindthatthefoodyouprovideshouldnotonlybeasourceofenergybutalsobenutritionallybeneficialsuchasfreshfruits,andwholegrainbread.Butparentsmustbesuretorememberthatagoodnutritionaldietmustbebalancedwithphysicalactivity,namelyitisimportantthatchildrengetoutsideandrunaroundandplayandgetactivityinadditiontoeatingagooddiet.
1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthepassage?
________
A.TakestepstoprovideagoodlunchforyourchildB.FruitsandvegetablesaregoodforyourchildC.Choosehealthyfoodandsnacks-faryourchildD.Makevariousanddeliciousdishesforyourchild
2.Theunderlinedword“pledge”inthethirdparagraphmeans________.
A.askB.promise
C.toasttoD.makesure
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.
A.freshfruitsareoftenignoredbychildrenB.parentsplayaveryimportantroleinhelpingkidsformhealthyeatinghabitsC.choosinghealthyfoodislinkedwithparents’incomeandtheirowninterestD.a-goodnutritionaldietmaycosttoomuch
Passage4
Powerful,gifted,beautiful,strong,theyareinspirationsformillionsofpeopleallovertheworld,notonlyfortheirtalentandstyle,butalsofortheirlifestories.
CocoChanel
CocoChanellivedforsevenyearsinanorphanageafterherparentsdied,anditwastherethataseamstress(女裁缝)taughtherhowtosew.Oncesheturned18,shelefttoworkforadressmakerandbegananaffairwithaFrenchmillionairewhointroducedhertosomeoflife'sluxuries(奢侈品):
dressesandjewelry.Eventuallyhe,EtienneBalsan,financedherrelocationtoParisandtheopeningofherfirsthatshop.
LouisVuitton
LouisVuittonwasborninJura,
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 172 英语 阅读 理解 强化 训练 解析 Day