英国文学复习资料.docx
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英国文学复习资料.docx
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英国文学复习资料
Chapter1OldandMedievalEnglishLiterature
TheOutline(大纲要求的重点作家)
⏹GeoffreyChaucer英:
TheCanterburyTales
⏹WilliamShakespeare英
⏹JohnMilton英:
Paradiselost;onhisblindness
⏹Lakepoets湖畔诗人:
WilliamWordsworth英,SamuelTaylorColeridge英,RobertSouthey英
⏹JonathanSwift英:
BattleoftheBooks,Gulliver‘sTravels
⏹GeorgeGordonByron英
⏹CharlesDickens英:
DavidCopperfield;OliverTwist
⏹RobertBrowning英国:
MyLastDuchess
⏹JamesJoyce爱尔兰:
Ulysses
⏹D.H.Lawrence英:
TheWhitePeacock;SonsandLovers
⏹T.S.Eliot美:
TheWasteLand荒原
⏹EmilyBronte英:
WutheringHeights呼啸山庄
⏹请识记以上作家的重要作品,不仅限于上面的例子。
BritishLiterature:
AnIntroduction
⏹BasicTerms
☐PoetryandProse散文
☐RhymeandRhythm
ExamplesofRhythm
MetricalPattern:
韵式
⏹1.iambicpentameter抑扬格五音步
⏹√﹨√﹨√﹨√﹨√﹨
⏹Thattime|ofyear|thoumayst|inme|behold
⏹2.trochaictetrameter抑扬格四音步
⏹\√\√\√\√
⏹Tellme|notin|mournful|numbers
⏹3.anapestictrimeter抑扬格三音步
⏹√√\√√\√√\
⏹Andthesound|ofavoice|thatisstill
⏹4.dactylichexameter抑扬格六音步
⏹\√√\√√\√√\√√\√√\√
⏹Thisisthe|forestpri|meval,the|murmuring|pineandthe|hemlocks
ExamplesofRhyme
⏹WhenIconsiderhowmylightisspentA
⏹Erehalfmydaysinthisdarkworldandwide,B
⏹AndthatonetalentwhichisdeathtohideB
⏹Lodg'dwithmeuseless,thoughmysoulmorebentA
⏹ToservetherewithmyMaker,andpresentA
⏹Mytrueaccount,lesthereturningchide,B
⏹"DothGodexactday-labour,lightdenied?
“B
⏹Ifondlyask.ButPatience,topreventA
⏹Thatmurmur,soonreplies:
"GoddothnotneedC
⏹Eitherman'sworkorhisowngifts:
whobestD
⏹Bearhismildyoke,theyservehimbest.HisstateE
⏹Iskingly;thousandsathisbiddingspeedC
⏹Andposto'erlandandoceanwithoutrest:
D
⏹Theyalsoservewhoonlystandandwait.“E
RhymingScheme(押韵格式):
ABBAABBACDECDE
ExamplesofRhyme
⏹theBritons,theearlyinhabitants居民intheisland,atribeofCelts(Britain—thelandoftheBritons)
⏹Threeconquests三个征服
⏹Influenceonthecountry
GeoffreyChaucer(熟悉)
⏹Chaucer’sachievement:
☐1.hepresentedacomprehensiverealisticpictureofhisageandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersinhisworks,especiallyinTheCanterburyTales.
☐2.Heisregardedasthe“fatherofEnglishpoetry”
☐3.Hedevelopedhischaracterizationtoahigherlevelbypresentingcharacterswithbothtypicalqualitiesandindividualdispositions.
☐4.hegreatlycontributedtothematuringofEnglishpoetry.Today,Chaucer’sreputation名声hasbeensecurely牢固的establishedasoneofthebestEnglishpoetsforhiswisdom,humorandhumanity.HeintroducedHeroicCouplet英雄偶句诗intoEnglishpoetry.
HeroicCouplet
HeroicCouplet:
Heroiccoupletisarhymedcouplet(rhyme)ofiambicpentameter(rhythm).ItisChaucerwhouseditforthefirsttimeinEnglishinhisworkTheLegendofGoodWoman好女人的传奇,andappliedwithperfecteaseinTheCanterburyTales.
TheCanterburyTales(1387-1400)
⏹Structure:
Generalprologue一般的开场白+Tales故事
⏹Characters:
31(anarrator旁白+30pilgrims朝圣者)
⏹Contents:
Generalprologue+20completedtales+4uncompletedones,famousforthestorytoldbytheknight骑士,thenun修女,theBothwoman,Squire侍从,Clerk职员,Physician医师,doctor,shipman水手,andsoon.
⏹Majorcategories类别:
thecourtly,bourgeois,religious
Chapter2EnglishLiteratureoftheRenaissance(15thC.-17thC.)
WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)
vCharacteristicsofRenaissancePeriod
1.Thewordmeans“rebirth”重生.Itmeantthereintroduction引入ofthefullculturalheritage遗产ofGreeceandRome.TheintellectualwisdomofancientGreeceandRomeencouragedarebirthofhumanspirit,arealizationofhumanpotentialfordevelopmentandcreation.
.TheEssence内涵:
Humanism
Man:
themeasureofall.Toexalt赞扬humannature
Emphasis强调:
thedignity男性ofmen;theimportanceofthepresentlife.
Advocating提倡:
Menaregloriouscreaturescapableofperfectingthemselves,andperformingwonders.男人是光荣的生物,能够完善自己,执行奇迹
Toseethehumanvaluesandartsofsplendor辉煌,壮丽andenlightenment启蒙inGreekandRomancivilization.
Shakespeare(1564-1616)
vLifestory
Stratford-on-Avon(艾汶河畔斯特拉福镇),England
wrote38plays
about154sonnets,2longpoems
Plays:
vHistories:
HenryVI,RichardIII,HenryIV,
vComedies:
AMid-SummerNights’sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,MuchAdoAboutNothing无事生非,AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜
vTragedies:
Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth,RomeoandJuliet
vRomances:
TheTempest暴风雨,TheWinter’sTale冬天的故事
Hamlet
vForinthatsleepofdeath,whatdreamsmaycome,
vWhenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,
vMustgiveuspause.There'stherespect
vThatmakesCalamityofsolonglife:
vForwhowouldbeartheWhipsandScornsoftime,
vTheOppressor'swrong,theproudman'sContumely,
vThepangsofdisprizedLove,theLaw’sdelay,
vTheinsolenceofOffice,andtheSpurns
vThatpatientmeritoftheunworthytakes,
vWhenhehimselfmighthisQuietusmake
vWithabareBodkin?
WhowouldFardelsbear,
vTogruntandsweatunderawearylife,
vDiscussionquestions(请回答下列问题):
1.whatarehisfourgreatesttragedies?
vShakespeare'sgreatesttragediesare:
Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.
2.Whatarethecharacteristicsofthefourtragediesincommon?
Eachportrayssomenoblehero,whofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation.
3.Pleasebriefly简略的summarizeeachhero’sweaknessofnature.
Eachherohashisweaknessofnature:
Hamlet,themelancholicscholar抑郁症患者;Othello'sinnerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce恶势力;theoldkingLearwhoisunwillingtototallygiveuphispower;andMacbeth'slust贪求forpowerstirsup唤起hisambitionandleadshimtoincessant不断地crimes.
Sonnet18
ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?
a
Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate;b
RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,a
Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate;b
Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,c
Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm'd;d
Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,c
Bychanceornature'schangingcourseuntrimm'd;d
Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,e
Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st;f
NorshallDeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,e
Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st:
f
Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,g
Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.G
QuestionsforDiscussion
1.Howdoyouunderstandthetwo“fairs”inline5?
Thefirstfairisusedconcretelymeaningeverybeautifulthings;thesecondoneisusedabstractlyreferringtobeauty.
2.Whatistheproblemdiscussedinthispoem?
Whatisthesolutionofferedbytheauthortosolveit?
Theproblemthepoettriestosolveistofindwaystomakehisfriendimmortal长生不老.Afteranalyzingthetransience短暂的ofbeautyandyouth,thepoetconcludesthatonlytheartofpoetrycanmakebeautyandyoutheternal,aslongas“mencanbreathe;theeyescansee”.
Chapter4EighteenthCenturyEnglishLiterature
CONTENTS
IntroductiontoNeoclassicism
Background
Features
Representatives众议院
Background
•TimeSpan:
1660-1798
•SocialTurbulence动荡
–RestorationofKingCharlesIIin1660恢复国王查尔斯二世
–theGreatPlague瘟疫of1665,70,000diedinLondon
–theGreatLondonFire,2/3homeless
–theGloriousRevolution光荣革命in1689
–constantstrifeinpolitics政治冲突:
themonarchandtheparliament君主和议会;theTories托利党andtheWhigs辉格党-overthecontroloftheparliament议会andgovernment,betweenopposingreligioussectssuchastheRomanCatholicism天主教,theAnglicanChurch英国国教andtheDissenters反对者,betweentherulingclassandthelaboringpoor,etc.
–Inshort,itwasagefullofconflictsanddivergence分歧ofvalues.
EconomicalBackground:
thework-shopoftheworld世界工厂
thefastdevelopmentofEnglandasanation
•Abroad,acontinuousincreaseofcolonialwealthandtradeprovidedEnglandwithamarket.Andathomeinthecountry,ActsofEnclosure圈地运动wereputtingmorelandintofewerprivileged享有特权的richlandowners地主andforcingthousandsofsmallfarmersandtenants居住者offlandtobecomewageearnersinindustrialtowns.
Features(熟悉)
1.Theeighteenth-centuryEnglandisalsoknownastheAgeofEnlightenment启蒙运动ortheAhteenth-centuryEnglandisalsoknownastheAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason理性时代.
2.Themovementwasafurtherance促进oftheRenaissanceofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturies.
3.Itspurposewastoenlighten启发thewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophical哲学的,冷静的andartisticideas艺术思想.
4.Theenlightenerscelebratedreasonorrationality理性的,equalityandscience.Theyheld认为thatrationalityorreasonshouldbetheonly,thefinalcauseofanyhumanthoughtandactivities.
Genres流派andRepresentatives(熟悉)
Poetry:
theearlystage早期
JohnDryden约翰.德莱顿,AlexanderPope蒲柏,SamuelJohnson
Novels:
themid-century世纪中叶
DanielDefoe丹尼尔.笛福
HenryFielding菲尔丁
JohnDryden
JonathanSwift英国政治小说家(1667-1745)
LifeandWorks
1.JonathanSwift(1667-1745),aposthumouschild遗腹子,wasborninDublin都柏林,Ireland爱尔兰,ofanEnglishfamily.
2.1689-1699aprose散文satirist讽刺作家,bybeingaprivatesecretary私人秘书ofTemple寺庙.
3.learningmuchfirst-rateknowledgeaboutthevice多幅,hypocrisy虚伪,intrigues阴谋,deception欺骗andcorruption腐败inthepoliticalworld.
4.Forseveralyears,hewasamostnotable引人注目的figureinLondonastheeditor编辑oftheofficialToryorgan,TheExamine检验员,主考人r.
MajorWorks
•towpowerfulsatires讽刺诗集oncorruption腐败inreligionandlearning,*ATaleofaTub无稽之谈(1704)and*TheBattleoftheBooks笔墨官司(written1679,published1704)
•*Gulliver'sTravels,1
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