CEB题库 Verbal Question 总汇.docx
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CEB题库 Verbal Question 总汇.docx
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CEB题库VerbalQuestion总汇
1.Allscientificknowledgeisprovisional.Everythingthatscienceknows,eventhemostmundanefactsandlong-establishedtheories,issubjecttore-examinationasnewinformationcomesinthelatestdataandideasarescrutinizedthemost.Somerecantationswillbeunavoidable,butthisisnotaweaknessofscience,butratheritsstrength.Noendeavorrivalsscienceinitsincrementalprogresstowardsamorecompleteunderstandingoftheobservableuniverse.
a)Scienceimprovesunderstandingonthebasisofleavingunchallengedthosetheoriesthatappeartowork.F
b)Somefactsinsciencecannotbechallengedifanyprogressistobemade.C
c)Thatwhichisnotobservablecannotbepartofthedomainofscience.C
2.AtthemomentofGTC,likeotherEuropeanproducers,isabletorelieveatleastsomeofitsover-capacitybyexporting,partlytoCentralAmerica.Adecadefromnow,thatregionwillbelargelyself-sufficientandtradewillbestartingtoflowtheotherway.However,forGTCinvestors,thecompany’srecentrestructurecouldheraldbettertimes.Thegroup’slackoffocusandlack-lusterreturnshavebeenmuchcriticizedoflate.
a)CentralAmericawill,inthefuture,begintoexportlesstoEurope.F
b)CentralAmericanproducerswillfindareadymarketfortheirproductsinEurope.C
c)Restructuringgenerallyproducesanincreaseinprofitability.C
3.Anewcomputerprogramcantellwhetherabookwaswrittenbyamanorawoman.Thesimplescanofkeywordsandsyntaxisabout80%accurateonbothfictionandnon-fiction.Theprogram’ssuccessseemstoconfirmthestereotypicalperceptionofdifferencesinmaleandfemalelanguageuse.Crudelyput,mentalkmoreaboutobjectsandwomenmoreaboutrelationships.
Femalewritersusemorepronouns(I,you,she,myself),whilstmalespreferwordsthat
identifyordeterminenouns(a,the,that)andwordsthatquantifythem(one,two,
more).Thesedifferingstyleshavepreviouslybeencalled“involved”and
“informational”,respectively.
Thealgorithmwithintheprogramwasinitiallytrainedonafewtestcasestoidentifythemostprevalentfingerprintsofgenderandoffictionandnon-fiction.Thealgorithmcannowbefocusedonnewbodiesoftext.Strikingly,thedistinctionsbetweenmaleandfemalewritersaremuchthesameasthosethat,evenmoreclearly,differentiatenonfiction-andfiction.Theprogramcantellthesetwogenresapartwith98%accuracy.
a)Stereotypesaregenerallybasedonfact.C
b)Womenaremorelikelythanmentoadoptan“informational”styleofwrittencommunication.F
c)Theprogramismoreaccurateatidentifyingthegenderofthewriterthanthefictionornon-fictioncontentofthepassage.F
4.Amateurscientistshavelongbeenattractedtothedisciplineofastronomy,andprofessionalastronomersarefrequentlysupportiveoftheircontributiontothescience.Indeed,amateurastronomershaveoftenbeenthefirsttospotanunchartedcometorstar.Untilnow,therequiredscientificequipmenthas,unfortunately,beenlargelyveryexpensive,varyingaccordingtotheintricacyandsizeoftheapparatus.Accordingtosomescientists,however,thespreadofnew,cheaptechnology,particularlyininformationanddatamanagement,promisestodramaticallychangeandfacilitateamateur-professionalinteraction,andcollaboration.
a)Amateur-professionalcollaborationwillcontributetotheadvancementofastronomy.T
b)Inthepast,allscientificequipmentrequiredforresearchinastronomywasveryexpensive.C
c)Followingthespreadofnew,andcheapertechnology,moreamateurscientistsarecollaboratingwithprofessionals.C
5.Asuperficialconsiderationofbiotechnologywillcommonlypresentanimpressionofethicalneutrality.Onthecontrary,however,itiscloselyrelatedtothefrequentlyconflictingvaluesandaspirationsofsociety.Geneticallymodifiedfoodisaparticularlygoodexample,presentingthepotentialtobearmoreresilientandnutritiouscrops,andthuscontributetothefightagainstworldhunger,whilesimultaneouslyraisingconcernsregardingitslong-termeffectsandenvironmentalethics.ItisthisethicalandscientificcontroversythatultimatelyleadtotherejectionofgeneticallymodifiedfoodinEurope.
a)Thedebatesurroundingtheethicsofgeneticallymodifiedfoodcontributedtoitsrejectioninsomecountries.
b)Theriskofgeneticallymodifiedfoodoutweighsthepotentialbenefits.
c)TheEuropeanpopulationismoreconcernedwiththeenvironmentalethicsofgeneticallymodifiedfoodthanothersocieties.
6.Communicationtechnologiesarefarfromequivalent.Arecentstudycomparinghonestyacrossarangeofdifferentmediarevealedthatpeopleweretwiceaslikelytotelllieswhenusingthephoneaswhencommunicatingviae-mail.Ithadpreviouslybeenassumedthatpeoplewouldbemoreinclinedtofabricatethetruthwhenusinge-mail,duetotheremotenessoftheinteractionmakingpeoplemorecomfortableaboutdeceivingothers.Onthecontrary,itseemsthatanxietyovertheaccountability可affordedbytherecordingofe-mailexchangesinducesgreatertruthfulness.However,theresearchalsonotedthatpeoplearemuchmorelikelytoberudeorinsultingovere-mail,outweighinganybenefitsofincreasedhonesty.
a)Animplicationofthestudyisthatiftelephoneconversationsarerecordedandpeopleareawareofthisfact,theyarelikelytobemoretruthfuloverthephone.T
b)Peopleareunconcernedabouttherepercussionofe-mailuntruths.F
c)Ithadbeenassumedthatpeoplewouldcommunicatemorehonestlywhenusinge-mailthanwhenusingthetelephone.F
7.Formanyyears,manufacturingpracticesremaineddevoidofinnovation.Thatis,untilthemidl-1990s,whentrendsinmodernmanufacturingcreatedavirtualrevolution.Thiswasdrivenbyeconomicsurvival,globalcompetitionandrapidlychangingcustomermarkets.Theseexternalforcesledtotheintroductionofproductionmethodssuchasjust-in-timeinventorycontrol,advancedmanufacturingtechnology,andintegratedmanufacturingsystems.Thesepracticesmeantthatmanufacturescouldremainresponsivetomarketconditionsandproduceitemswhichmetcustomers’needs.However,thesenewinnovationshavenotnecessarilymeantthatthequalityanddurabilityofproductshaveimproved.
a)Introducingjust-in-timeinventorycontrolisthebestwaytoremainresponsivetomarketdemands.C
b)Manufacturerswhodonottakeupmodernmanufacturingmethodswillnotautomaticallyproduceinferioritems.C
c)Allmanufacturershaveintroducednewproductionpracticestosurvive.
8.Formostpeople,anyreferencetohypnosisbringstomindimagesofindividualsinvolvedinamusing,andoftenoutofcharacter,behavior.However,hypnosisisalsoatopicofscientificresearch.Researchbyscientistsoverthelastfewdecadeshasrevealedwaysinwhichmemoryprocesses,andprocessesinvolvedinpainperceptioncanbechangedusinghypnosis.Ithasalsobeenfoundthathypnoticsuggestionscanregulateactivityinidentifiablesectionsofthebrainandcancontributetotheeffectivemanagementofcognitive认知的conflict.Findingsfromseveralrelatedbrainimagingstudies,forexample,havesuggestedthatpeopleunderhypnosiscabexhibitreducedlevelofbrainactivityinbothvisualareaandtheanteriorcingulatecortex.Disparateresearchhasalreadyestablishedtheroleofthesebrainstructuresinthemonitoringthecognitiveconflict.
a)Underhypnosismostindividualsparticipateinentertainingactivities.
9.Financialfraudisacrimeofgrowingsignificantly.In2003,8%ofreportedbusiness-relatedcrimeswasfraud,averaging$35000inlosses.By2005,whilstfinancialfraudwasfoundtobethesixth-mostfrequentcrime,itwasthethird-highestconcernamongstbusinessleaders.Researchersfoundthat,globally,internet-basedfraudwasrisingdramaticallyin2005.Themainreasonsforfraudincludedpoorsupervisionandlackofproperdivisionofduties,inadequatecontrolofaccesstosystem,andpoorauthorizationcontrols.Internaldetectivemeasuresuncovered无防备lessthanhalfofthecases,withanincreasingnumberofcasesbeingdiscoveredbyaccident.Onethirdofthecaseswerecommittedbymanagerial-staff,whilehalfwerecommittedbynon-managerialstaff.
a)Detectivemethodswereoperatingveryeffectivelyin2005.F
b)Overhalfofallcasesoffraudin2005werediscoveredbyaccident.C
c)BusinessleadersaremoreconcernedaboutfinancialfraudthanbeforebecauseofthegrowthoftheInternet.C
10.Fullemploymentisaconcept,whichisoftenreferredtobutseldom很少defined.Beveridge’sdescriptioncomesclosetowhatmosteconomistsunderstandbytheterm.Inhisviewfullemploymentmeansthat“unemploymentisreducedtoshortintervals间隔ofstandingby,withthecertaintythatverysoononewillbewantedinone’soldjobagainorwillbewantedinanewjobthatiswithinone’spowers.”Inotherwords,fillemploymentdoesnotmeanzerounemployment,butallowsforsomemeasureofacceptableunemployment,forexample,“frictional”unemploymentwhilstchangingjobs.
a)Definitionsoffullemploymentareabundant.F
b)SomeeconomistsdonotunderstandfullemploymentinBeveridge’sterms.C
c)InB’sview,fullemploymentincorporatesthoseunemployedpeoplewhoarecertaintoregainworkveryshortly.T
11.Genuinealtruism,whendefinedas‘selflesshelping’,hasbeenshowninrecentyearstobeamostelusive,indeedparadoxical,concept.Infact,somepeoplenowviewitassomekindofidealthatneverreallyexisted.Howcouldanybodybeentirelyselflessandhelpwithoutanyexpectationofarewardofsometype?
Accordingtosomepeople,thepleasureofhelpingisitselfitsownreward,whereasother
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