专插本英语98年14年历年真题.docx
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专插本英语98年14年历年真题.docx
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专插本英语98年14年历年真题
1998年广东省一般高等学校本科插班生考试
英语试题
PartIReadingComprehension(40%)
PassageI
Thecomputerisawonderfulmachine.Itisthemostimportantinventionsincethetype
ofengineusedincars.Todayithasthegreatesteffectonscience,industry,andbusiness,butitisbeingusedmoreineducationandmedicine.Bytheendofthiscenturyitwilltouchthelivesofeveryone,evenpeopleindistantvillages.Itisarevolutionaryinvention.
TheoldestkindofcomputeristheabacususedinChinasincethesixthcentury.Intheseventeenthcenturyanaddingmachinewasinvented,butthefurstlarge,moderncomputerwasbuiltin1937.Afewyearslateracomputercoulddo5000additionspersecond.Nowthecomputationsaresofastthattheyaremeasuredinnanoseconds(毫微秒).
Todaymostcomputershaveamemory.Theyaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster.Eveninalargecomputer,thepartthatdoestheactualcomputingisaboutthesizeoftheendofafinger.
Computerscandoallkindsofwork.Whensomeonebuyssomethinginadepartment
store,informationaboutthesalegoesintoacomputer,Ascientistcantalktothecomputerabouttherocks,andthecomputeranswersthequestions.Adoctorcantalktothecomputerandexplain
whatiswrongwithapatient.Ifthedoctoraskswhy,thecomputergoesthroughitsstoredinformationandexplainsexactlywhy.
Whenearlyhumansbeganfarming,itwasarevolutionarychangeinhumanlife.Itwashundredsofthousandsofyearslaterthatpeopledevelopedawritingsystem(方法).Inlessthan
fiftyyearspeoplehavedevelopedcomputersthatcandomostofthethingshumanscando.Thiscouldbeafrighteningdevelopment.
1.Thecomputerisconsideredawonderfulmachinebecause_____.
A.ithaseffectonallaspectsofman’slifeB.itiswidelyusedineducationand
medicine
C.ithasthefunctionofanengineD.itisusefulevenindistant
villages
2.TheabacushasbeenusedinChinafor_____.
A.some5,000yearsB.about600years
C.nearly1,000yearsD.over1,300years
3.Themostimportantfeatureofacomputeristhat_____.
A.ithasamemoryB.itissmallinsize
C.itcomputesfastD.itanswersallkindsofquestions
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4.Thecomputationsofthecomputerareusuallymeasuredin_____.
5.Thecomputerwillsoonaffect_____.
A.peopleinlargecitiesB.peopleindevelopedcountries
C.peopleallovertheworldD.peopleintheWesternworld
Passage2
Inthetraditionalmarriage,themanworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamily.Mostmenworkedinanoffice,afactory,orsomeotherplaceawayfromthehome.Sincethemanearnedthemoney,hepaidthebills.Themoneywasusedforfood,clothes,ahouse,andotherfamilyneeds.Themanmademostofthedecisions.Hewastheboss.
Inthetraditionalmarriage,thewomanseldomworkedawayfromthehouse.Shestayed
athometocareforthechildrenandherhusband.Shecookedthemeals,cleanedhouse,washedthe
clothes,anddidotherhouseholdwork.Herjobathomewaseveryimportant.
Inrecentyears,manycouplescontinuetohaveatraditionalrelationshipofthis
kind.Themanhasajobandearnsthemoneyforthefamily.Thewomanstaysathomeandcares
forthechildrenandthehouse.ManyAmericansarehappywiththiskindofmarriage.Butsome
otherAmericanshaveadifferentimpressionofmarriageandfamilyresponsibilities.
Therearetwoimportantdifferencesinmaleandfemalerolesnow.Oneisthatbothmenandwomenhavemanymorechoices.Theymaychoosetomarryortostaysingle.Theymaychoosetoworkorstayathome.Bothmenandwomenmaychooserolesthatarecomfortableforthem.
Aseconddifferenceinmaleandfemalerolesisthatwithinmarriagemanydecisions
andresponsibilitiesareshared.Thehusbandandwifemaychoosetohavechildren,ortheymay
not.Iftheyhavechildren,themanmaytakecareofthemsomeofthetime,allofthetime,ornotat
all.Thewomanmaywanttostayathomeandtakecareofthechildren.Orshemaywanttogoto
work.MenandWomennowdecidethesethingstogetherinamarriage.Manymarriedpeoplenow
sharethesedecisionsandtheresponsibilitiesoftheirfamilies.
6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthetraditionalmarriage?
A.Menworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforfamily.
B.Thewomanmademostofdecisions.
C.Thewomanstayedathometocareforthechildren.
D.Themanpaidthebills.
7.Inrecentyears_____.
A.youngcouplesrejectthetraditionalrelationship
B.thewomanhasajobandearnsthemoneyforthefamily
C.thewomandoesn’tstayathomeandcareforthechildrenandthehouse
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D.theroleofmenandwomenhasbeguntochange
8.MenandwomenmaynowchooseallthefollowingEXCEPTto_____.
A.marryortostaysingle
B.workortostayathome
C.havetherolesthatarecomfortableforthem
D.leavetheirjobsjustbecausetheyhavechildren
9.ThefollowingareallnowtrueEXCEPT_____.
A.theymaychoosetohavechildrenornot
B.themanmaytakecareofthechildrensomeofthetime
C.thewomanmaywanttogotowork
D.thewomanisthemostimportantpersoninthehouse
10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.Themanwasthebossinthetraditionalmarriage.
B.Thewoman’sjobathomewasveryimportantinthepast.
C.ManyAmericansstillhaveatraditionalmarriage.
D.Everyonetriestogetmarried.
Passage3
Didyouknowthattheemptyplasticsoftdrinkbottlesyouthrowawayeverydaycanbeturnedintocarpetorautomobilesparts?
Thatusedglassbottlesandaluminumcanscanbeturnedintonewones?
Andthatyesterday’snewspapercanbeturnedintotomorrow’s?
Itallhappensbecauseofrecycling(再利用).Thesimplewastewethrowawayisa
“naturalresource”that,withrecycling,canbeusedtoproduceavarietyofnewproducts.Unfortunately,Americarecyclesonly10%ofitsrubbish,burns10%anddeposits80%in
wastedesposalgrounds,Asaresult,itishavingtocopewithaserioussolidwasteproblem.
Everyyear,Americansthrowawayabout160milliontonsofrubbish.Ofthattotal,plasticsmakeuplessthan8%,paperabout36%,andglassandmetalabout20%,allbyweight.Plasticsarenaturallylighter,butstill,whenpressedtogether,accoutforonlyabout20%byvolume.
Asaresult,inthepast10yearstheUnitedStates’wastedisposalgroundshavedecreased
fromabout18,500to6,000.Infiveyears2,000morewillclose.
Intheprocessoffindingsolutions,somepeoplehaveproposedtostopusingplastics.Unfortunately,stopusingplasticswoulddomuchharmandnogood.Wewouldloseall
ofthesafety,healthandconveniencefeaturesofplastics.
Besides,packagingwouldstillbeneeded.A1987studyshowswhatwouldhappenifplasticswerenotused--theenergyneededtoproduceotherpackaging,itscost,andthevolumeofwastecollectedwouldallrisegreatly.
3
SomeAmericansbelievepartoftheanswertoAmerica’wasteproblemliesin
recyclingeverythingfromglasstometalstopapertoplastic.
Today,recyclingisontherise.Therearenowmorethan1,000wasterecyclingprograms
intheU.S.Manyarebeginningtorecycleplastics.
Rightnow,almost200companiesarerecyclingmillionsofusedplasticcontainersinto
toys,trafficsigns,wastebaskets,floormaterials,andparkbenches.
Plasticsareamongtheeasiestmaterialstorecycle.Morethan150millionpoundsor20%
ofallplasticsoftdrinkbottleswererecycledin1987.
11.Whatcan’ttheplasticsoftdrinkbottlesbeturnedinto?
A.Newspapers.B.Automobileparts.
C.Toys.D.Trafficsigns.
12.OfalltherubbishintheU.S.,plasticsaccountfor_____byweightand_____byvolume.
A.20%;20%B.8%;20%
C.36%;8%D.20%;36%
13.Onaverage,wasteplasticsare_____otherwastes.
A.asheavyindensityasB.heavierindensitythan
C.lighterindensitythanD.thesamebyweightas
14.In5years,theU.S.willhaveonly_____wastedisposalgrounds.
A.2,000B.6,000
C.4,000D.18,500
15.Theauthorofthispassage_____theproposalofstoppingusingplastices.
A.saysnothingaboutB.issympatheticwith
C.agreestoD.disagreesto
Passage4
Therearetwokindsofmemory:
short-termandlong-term.Informationinlong-termmemorycanberememberedatalatertimewhenitisneeded.Theinformationmaybekeptfordaysorweeks.However,informationinshort-termmemoryiskeptforonlyafewseconds,usually
byrepeatingtheinformationoverandover.Thefollowingexperimentshowshowshort-termmemoryhasbeenstudied.
HenningstudiedhowstudentswhoarelearningEnglishasasecondlanguageremembervocabulary.Thesubjectsinhisexperimentwere75collegestudents.TheyrepresentedalllevelsofabilityinEnglish:
beginning,intermediate,advanced,andnative-speakingstudents.
Tobegin,thesubjectslistenedtoarecordingofanativespeakerreadingaparagraphinEnglish.Followingtherecording,thesubjectstooka15-questiontesttoseewhichwordstheyremembered.Eachquestionhadfourchoices.Thesubjectshadtocirclethewordtheyhadheardintherecording.Someofthequestionshadfourchoicesthatsoundalike.Forexample,weather,whethet,wither,andwetterarefourwordsthatsoundalike.Someofthequestions
4
hadfourchoicesthathavethesamemeaning.Method,way,manner,andsystemwouldbefour
wordswiththesamemeaning.Finallythesubjectstookalanguageproficiencytest.
HenningfoundthatstudentswithalowerproficiencyinEnglishmademoreoftheir
mistakesonwordsthatsoundalike;studentswithahigherproficiencymademoreoftheirmistakes
’sresultssuggestthatbeginningstudentsholdthe
soundofwordsintheirshort-termmemory,andadvancedstudentsholdthemeaningofwordsin
theirshort-termmemory.
16.Henningmadetheexperimentinordertostudy_____.
A.howstudentsrememberEnglishvocabularybyshort-termmemory
B.howstudentslearnEnglishvocabulary
C.howtod
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