Chapter 20Solution Manual.docx
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Chapter 20Solution Manual.docx
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Chapter20SolutionManual
Chapter20
AuditofthePayrolland
PersonnelCycle
ReviewQuestions
20-1Generalledgeraccountsthatarelikelytobeaffectedbythepayrollandpersonnelcycleinmostauditsincludethefollowing:
CashDirectlabor
InventorySalaryexpense
ConstructioninprogressCommissionexpense
WagespayablePayrolltaxexpense
Payrolltaxeswithheld
Accruedpayrolltaxes
20-2Incompanieswherepayrollisasignificantportionofinventory,asinmanufacturingandconstructioncompanies,theimproperaccountclassificationofpayrollcansignificantlyaffectassetvaluationforaccountssuchasworkinprocess,finishedgoods,andconstructioninprocess.Forexample,ifthesalariesofadministrativepersonnelareincorrectlychargedtoindirectmanufacturingoverhead,theoverheadchargedtoinventoryonthebalancesheetcanbeoverstated.Similarly,iftheindirectlaborcostofindividualemployeesischargedtospecificjobsorprocesses,thevaluationofinventoryisaffectediflaborisimproperlyclassified.Whensomejobsarebilledonacostplusbasis,revenueandthevaluationofinventoryarebothaffectedbyimproperlyclassifyinglabortojobs.
20-3Fivetestsofcontrolsthatcanbeperformedforthepayrollandpersonnelcycleare:
1.Examinetimecardforindicationofapprovaltoensurethatpayrollpaymentsareproperlyauthorized.Thepurposeofthistestistodeterminethatrecordedpayrollpaymentsareforworkactuallyperformedbyexistingemployees(occurrence).
2.Accountforasequenceofpayrollcheckstoensureexistingpayrollpaymentsarerecorded.Thepurposeofthistestistodeterminethatexistingpayrolltransactionsarerecorded(completeness).
3.Examinetimecardstoensurethatrecordedpayrollpaymentsareforworkactuallyperformedbyexistingemployees.Thepurposeofthistestisthesameasinitem1above.
4.Comparepostingstothechartofaccountstoensurethatpayrolltransactionsareproperlyclassified.(Classification)
5.Observewhenrecordingtakesplacetoensurethatpayrolltransactionsarerecordedonatimelybasis.(Timing)
20-4Thepercentageoftotalaudittimeinthecycledevotedtoperformingtestsofcontrolsandsubstantivetestsoftransactionsisusuallyfargreaterinthepayrollandpersonnelcyclethanforthesalesandcollectioncyclebecauseyear-endbalancesinpayroll-relatedaccountsareoftenimmaterial.Also,thereisrelativelylittleindependentthirdpartyevidence,suchasconfirmations,toverifytherelatedpayrollaccounts.Incontrast,theaccountsrelatedtothesalesandcollectioncyclecanusuallybeverifiedforthemostpartbyconfirmationsfromcustomers.Inaddition,inthesalesandcollectioncycle,verificationoftherealizabilityofreceivablesandsalescutofftestsareimportantandtime-consumingtasks.
20-5Theauditorshouldbeconcernedwithwhetherthehumanresourcesdepartmentisfollowingtheproperhiringandterminationprocedures.Anobviousreasonforthiswouldbetoensurethatthereareadequatesafeguardsagainsthiringandretainingincompetentanduntrustworthypeople.Theramificationsofhiringsuchpeoplecanrangefromsimpleinefficiencyandwastetooutrightfraudortheft.Moreimportantly,though,itisnecessaryfortheauditortoassurehimselforherselfthattheclientishiringandterminatingaccordingtooperationsstandardsandprocedures.Itisnecessarytoseeiftheinternalcontrolsareworkingasplannedbeforetheycanbeeffectivelyevaluated.Tosaythattheauditordoesn'tcarewhoishiredandwhoisfiredistosuggestthatheorshedoesn'tcareiftheinternalcontrolsworkaccordingtoanystandards.Failuretofollowproperterminationprocedurescouldleadtofraudulentpaymentsforworknotperformed.
20-6Totracearandomsampleofprenumberedtimecardstotherelatedpayrollpaymentsinthepayrollregisterandcomparethehoursworkedtothehourspaidistotestifpayrollpaymentshavebeenrecorded(completeness)andifthoseemployeeswhoworkedarebeingpaidfortheirtimeactuallyworked.Employeesarelikelytoinformmanagementiftheyarenotpaid,orunderpaid.Totracearandomsampleofpayrollpaymentsfromthepayrollregisterandcomparethehoursworkedtothehourspaidistotestiftherecordedpayrollpaymentsareforworkactuallyperformedbyexistingemployees(occurrence).Thistest,ineffect,attemptstodiscovernonexistentemployeesorduplicatepayments,ifthereareany.Forthisreason,thesecondprocedureistypicallymoreimportanttotheauditofpayroll.
20-7Inauditingpayrollwithholdingandpayrolltaxexpense,theemphasisshouldnormallybeonevaluatingtheadequacyofthepayrolltaxreturnpreparationproceduresratherthanthepayrolltaxliability,becauseamajorreasonformisstatementsintheliabilityaccountisincorrectpreparationofthereturnsinthepast.Ifthepreparationproceduresareinadequate,andtheamountsdonotappearreasonable,thentheauditorshouldexpandhisorherworkandrecomputethewithholdingandexpenseamountstodeterminethattheproperamounthasbeenaccrued.Inaddition,theauditorshouldconsidertheamountofpenaltieswhichmaybeassessedforinadequatewithholdingsandincludetheseamountsintheaccrualiftheyaresignificant.
20-8Severalanalyticalproceduresforthepayrollandpersonnelcycleandmisstatementsthatmightbeindicatedbysignificantfluctuationsareasfollows:
ANALYTICALPROCEDURE
MISSTATEMENTTYPES
1.Comparisonofpayrollexpenseaccountstoamountsinprioryears.
Cutoffmisstatementsorimproperamountsrecordedinaperiod.
2.Directlabordividedbysalescomparedtoindustrystandardsinprioryears.
Cutoffmisstatementsoramountschargedtoimproperpayrollaccounts.
3.Commissionexpensedividedbysalescomparedtoindustrystandards,prioryears,orsalesagreements.
Failuretorecordcommissiononsales,orrecordingtheimpropercommissionamount.
4.Payrolltaxexpensedividedbysalariesandwagescomparedtoprioryearbalancesadjustedforchangesinthetaxrateandnotincludingofficers’salaries.
Failuretorecordpayrolltaxesorrecordingoftheimproperamount.
5.Comparisonofaccruedpayrollandpayrolltaxaccountstoprioryears.
Failuretorecordpayrollaccrualsorrecordingimproperamountsattheendofaperiod.
6.Thepercentageoflaborincludedinworkinprocessandfinishedgoodsinventoriescomparedtoprioryears.
Useofimproperlaborstandards,orclassificationmisstatements.
7.Analysisofdirectlaborvariances.
Useofimproperlaborstandards,orclassificationmisstatements.
20-9Anauditorshouldperformaudittestsprimarilydesignedtouncoverfraudinthepayrollandpersonnelcyclewhenheorshehasdeterminedthatinternalcontrolsaredeficient(ortheopportunityexistsformanagementtooverridetheinternalcontrols)orwhenthereareotherreasonstosuspectfraud.Auditproceduresthatareprimarilyforthedetectionoffraudinthepayrollandpersonnelcycleinclude:
1.Examinecancelledpayrollchecksforemployeename,authorizedsignature,andproperendorsement(especiallyforsecondendorsements)todiscoverchecksgoingtononexistentemployees.TheendorsementshouldbecomparedtosignaturesonW-4forms.
2.Traceselectedtransactionsrecordedinthepayrolljournalorlistingtothehumanresourcesdepartmentfilestodeterminewhethertheemployeeswereactuallyemployedduringtheperiod.
3.Selectseveralterminatedemployeesfrompayrollrecordstodeterminewhethereachformeremployeereceivedhisorherterminationpayinaccordancewithcompanypolicyandtodeterminethattheemployee'spaywasdiscontinuedonthedateoftermination.
20-9(continued)
4.Examinethesubsequentpayrollperiodsofterminatedemployeestoascertainthattheemployeesarenolongerbeingpaid.
5.Requestasurprisepayrollpayofftoobserveifanyunclaimedchecksresult,whichwillnecessitateextensiveinvestigation.
20-10ThePayrollMasterFileismaintainedforeachemployeeindicatingthegrosspayforeachpaymentperiod,deductionsfromthegrosspay,thenetpay,thechecknumber,andthedate.Thepurposeofthisrecordistoprovidedetailedinformationforfederalandstateincometaxpurposes,andtoserveasthefinalrecordofwhateachemployeewasactuallypaid.
TheW-2Formisissuedtoeachemployeeattheendofeachcalendaryearandindicateshisorhergrosspay,incometaxeswithheld,andFICAwithheldfortheyear.Inservingasasummaryoftheemployee'searningsrecord,theW-2formconvenientlyprovidesinformationnecessaryfortheemployeetofillouthisorherincometaxreturns.
APayrollTaxReturnistheformrequiredbyandsubmittedtothelocal,stateandfederalgovernmentsforthepaymentofwithheldtaxesandtheemployer'sportionofFICAtaxesandstateandfederalunemploymentcompensationtaxes.
20-11Wheretheprimaryobjectiveistodetectfraud,theauditorwillexaminethefollowingsupportingdocumentsandrecords:
1.Cancelledpayrollchecksforemployeename,authorizedsignatureandproperendorsement,watchingspecificallyforunusualorrecurringsecondendorsements.
2.Payrolljournalorlisting,tracingtransactionstothepersonnelfilestodeterminewhethertheemployeeswereactuallyemployedduringthepayrollperiod.
3.Payrolljournalorlistingandindividualpayrollrecords,selectingterminatedemployeestodeterminewhethereachterminatedemployeereceivedhisorherterminationpayinaccordancewithcompanypolicyandwhethereachemployeewaspaidinthesubsequentpayrollperiod.
4.Payrollchecks,observingeachemployeeasheorshepicksupandsignsforhisorhercheck.
5.Time
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