高考阅读理解限时训练科普类.docx
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高考阅读理解限时训练科普类.docx
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高考阅读理解限时训练科普类
高考阅读理解限时训练(科普类)
(附答案)
(一)
Itturnsoutthatoverworkingyourbrainwitheitherphysicalormentalexercisemayloweryourabilitytodelayself-satisfaction.Andthatmaysetyouupforpoorchoicesinyourself-careandfinances.
AnewstudypublishedThursdayinthejournalCurrentBiologyaskedexcellentenduranceathletestoovertrainforthreeoutofnineweeks,andcomparedthemtoagroupwhodidanormal9-weektrainingprogram.
Notonlydidthoseoverworkedathletesperformworseonacyclingtestattheendoftheovertraining,MRIsoftheirbrainsduringbehavioraltasksshowedmoreexhaustioninthecognitivecontrolpartofthebrainsystem."Cognitivecontrolinthissituationisthecapacitytomaintainexercisedespitethingslikemusclepain,"saidstudyauthorBastienBlain,aresearchassociateatUniversityCollegeLondon."Andwhatwefoundisthatthereisanintelligencefactorinvolvedinexercisingandithasalimitedcapacity.Youcannotuseitforever."
Inotherwords,yourbrainwillburnoutandaffectyourbody'sabilitytoexercise.Butthat'snotall.Overworkingthatpartofthebrainalsoreducedtheathletes'abilitiestoresisttemptationofanimmediatereward."Forexample,theywereaskedwhethertheypreferred$10nowor$50insixmonths,"Blainsaid."Andthosewhoovertrainedweremorelikelytochoosetheimmediatereward,whichisinteresting.Itcouldprovideamechanismtoexplainwhysomeathletesareusingdrugstoimprovetheirperformance.
Onecautionabouttheexercisestudyisthatitonlylookedatenduranceathletes,said.Dr.Marc-AndreCornier,whoisassociatedirectorofColoradoUniversity'sAnschutzHealthandWellnessCenter."Thisispotentiallyveryimportantforthehigherendathletewhoisoverdoingit,"Corniersaid."ButdoesthishaveanythingtodowiththeaverageJoegoingtothegym?
Youcan'tconcludethatfromthisstudy."
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inthethirdparagraphreferto?
A.Thebrainsystem.B.Alimitedcapacity.
C.Anintelligencefactor.D.Thecognitivecontrol.
2.Whydidoverworkedathletestendtochoosetheimmediatereward?
A.Becausetheyweretooeagertosucceed.
B.Becauseallpartsoftheirbrainweretired.
C.Becauseovertrainingledtotheirbaddecisions.
D.Becausetheytookdrugstoimprovetheirperformance.
3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Astudyaboutself-satisfaction.
B.Negativeeffectsoftoomuchexercise.
C.Therelationbetweenbrainandexercise.
D.Poorchoicesinpeople'sself-careandfinances.
4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.Thereisalimittothebrain.
B.Higherendathleteshavegreatpotential.
C.Topathletesmaysufferfromovertraining.
D.Delayingself-satisfactionresultsinbetterperformance.
(二)
Manyhavelongdreamedofbeingabletoflyaroundassimplyasridingabicycle.Yetthesafetyandstrengthofaflyingbikewasalwaysabigproblem.Overthepastdecade,developmentsintechnologyhavemovedthedreamofpersonalflyingvehiclesclosertoreality.Now,twogroupsofinventorssaysuchvehiclesmaybeavailableverysoon.
GrantStapletonfromMalloyAeronauticssaystheHoverbike,whichisabletogetinandoutofsmallspacesveryquickly,willbeatrulypersonalflyingvehicle."Itcanbemovedacrosscontinentsveryquicklybecauseitcanbefoldedandpacked,"headds.
Mr.Stapletonsayssafetywasthecompany'smainconcernwhendevelopingtheHoverbike.Hesaysthedesignerssolvedthesafetyissuebyusingoverlappingrotors(折叠旋翼)topowerthevehicle.Thecompanyistestingbothaone-thirdsizemodelandafull-sizeprototype(原型)oftheHoverbike.InventorssaytheirHoverbikewillmostlikelybeusedfirstbythepoliceandemergencyrescueteams.
InNewZealand,theMartinAircraftCompanyisalsotestingafull-sizeprototypeofitspersonalflyingbike,calledJetpack.Itcanflyformorethan30minutes,upto1,000metershighandreachaspeedof74kilometersperhour.
PeterCokeristheCEOofMartinAircraftCompany.HesaidJetpack"isbuiltaroundsafetyfromthestart,"Inhiswords,"reliabilityisthemostimportantpartofit.Wehavesafetybuiltintotheactualstructureitself,verysimilartoaFormulaOneracingcar."
Jetpackusesagasoline-poweredenginethatproducestwopowerfuljetstreams.Mr.Cokersaysitalsohasaparachute(降落伞)thatcanbeusedshouldtherebeanemergency.
"Itopensataverylowaltitudeandactuallysavesboththeaircraftandthepilotinanemergency,"headds.
1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheHoverbike?
A.Popular.B.Fast.C.Portable.D.Fancy.
2.WhoareexpectedtotrytheHoverbikefirst?
A.Peoplewhodreamofflying.
B.Peoplewhoreallylovecycling.
C.Peoplewhodesignthebike.
D.Peoplewhoservepublicpurposes.
3.Accordingtothepassage,
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- 高考 阅读 理解 限时 训练 科普