E5北师大考博英语真题.docx
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E5北师大考博英语真题.docx
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E5北师大考博英语真题
E5---2011年北师大考博【英语真题.txt台湾一日不收复,我一日不过4级!
如果太阳不出来了,我就不去上班了;如果出来了,我就继续睡觉!
经典回复:
韶华博友
1.第一篇听力是执业咨询师给一个咨询者一些建议;第二篇听力是说如何减少房间内噪音的方法和经验;第三篇是说美国的造纸业?
(第三篇没听太懂)。
2.阅读的第一篇有点难,说的是妇女在生产力革命的背景下就业的境遇;第二篇第三篇第四篇都比较短,词句也短:
老年人和青年人的观念冲突;水在变成冰的条件和过程。
。
。
(记不太清了);最后一篇和第一篇难度一致。
3.英译汉,有一个超长句,我译完了我也不知道自己在说什么:
大致是文艺复兴的源头是在中世纪就开始了
4.汉译英:
提笔忘字,呵呵,始终是打得最不靠谱的一道题;
5.summay:
一向的工整,清晰,挑主题句抄,不得法。
总结是比2010年难了,听力难度不变,阅读的难度集中于较长的文章(约两篇),汉译英难度不变,英译汉有超级长难句,summay稍稍比去年难一点点。
英译汉原题,凭记忆google出来的,出自一本书的前言:
ThesubjectsofthefollowingstudiesaretakenfromthehistoryoftheRenaissance,andtouchwhatIthinkthechiefpointsinthatcomplex,many-sidedmovement.
IhaveexplainedinthefirstofthemwhatIunderstandbytheword,givingitamuchwiderscopethanwasintendedbythosewhooriginallyusedittodenotethatrevivalofclassicalantiquityinthefifteenthcenturywhichwasonlyoneofmanyresultsofageneralexcitementandenlighteningofthehumanmind,butofwhichthegreataimandachievementsofwhat,asChristianart,isoftenfalselyopposedtotheRenaissance,wereanotherresult.Thisoutbreakofthehumanspiritmaybetracedfarintothemiddleageitself,withitsmotivesalreadyclearlypronounced,thecareforphysicalbeauty,theworshipofthebody,thebreakingdownofthoselimitswhichthereligioussystemofthemiddleageimposedontheheartandtheimagination.
Ihavetakenasanexampleofthismovement,thisearlierRenaissancewithinthemiddleageitself,andasanexpressionofitsqualities,twolittlecompositionsinearlyFrench
Summary原题,google出来的too,一个百科全书里的词条:
computer-assistedinstruction(CAI),aprogramofinstructionalmaterialpresentedbymeansofacomputerorcomputersystems.
Theuseofcomputersineducationstartedinthe1960s.Withtheadventofconvenientmicrocomputersinthe1970s,computeruseinschoolshasbecomewidespreadfromprimaryeducationthroughtheuniversitylevelandeveninsomepreschoolprograms.Instructionalcomputersarebasicallyusedinoneoftwoways:
eithertheyprovideastraightforwardpresentationofdataortheyfillatutorialroleinwhichthestudentistestedoncomprehension.
Ifthecomputerhasatutorialprogram,thestudentisaskedaquestionbythecomputer;thestudenttypesinananswerandthengetsanimmediateresponsetotheanswer.Iftheansweriscorrect,thestudentisroutedtomorechallengingproblems;iftheanswerisincorrect,variouscomputermessageswillindicatetheflawinprocedure,andtheprogramwillbypassmorecomplicatedquestionsuntilthestudentshowsmasteryinthatarea.
Therearemanyadvantagestousingcomputersineducationalinstruction.Theyprovideone-to-oneinteractionwithastudent,aswellasaninstantaneousresponsetotheanswerselicited,andallowstudentstoproceedattheirownpace.Computersareparticularlyusefulinsubjectsthatrequiredrill,freeingteachertimefromsomeclassroomtaskssothatateachercandevotemoretimetoindividualstudents.Acomputerprogramcanbeuseddiagnostically,and,onceastudent'sproblemhasbeenidentified,itcanthenfocusontheproblemarea.Finally,becauseoftheprivacyandindividualattentionaffordedbyacomputer,somestudentsarerelievedoftheembarrassmentofgivinganincorrectanswerpubliclyorofgoingmoreslowlythroughlessonsthanotherclassmates.
Therearedrawbackstotheimplementationofcomputersininstruction,however.Theyaregenerallycostlysystemstopurchase,maintain,andupdate.Therearealsofears,whetherjustifiedornot,thattheuseofcomputersineducationdecreasestheamountofhumaninteraction.
Oneofthemoredifficultaspectsofinstructionalcomputersistheavailabilityanddevelopmentofsoftware,orcomputerprograms.Coursewarecanbeboughtasafullydevelopedpackagefromasoftwarecompany,buttheprogramprovidedthiswaymaynotsuittheparticularneedsoftheindividualclassorcurriculum.Acoursewaretemplatemaybepurchased,whichprovidesageneralformatfortestsanddrillinstruction,withtheindividualparticularstobeinsertedbytheindividualschoolsystemorteacher.Thedisadvantagetothissystemisthatinstructiontendstobeboringandrepetitive,withtestsandquestionsfollowingthesamepatternforeverycourse.Softwarecanbedevelopedin-house,thatis,aschool,course,orteachercouldprovidethecoursewareexactlytailoredtoitsownneeds,butthisisexpensive,time-consuming,andmayrequiremoreprogrammingexpertisethanisavailable.
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楼上的真厉害,你也google一下汉译英吧。
关于大英博物馆的,我可以确切告诉大家,大英博物馆正确译法是TheBritishMuseum
听力语速超快,而且2道题目之间间隔也短,需要高度集中精力去听,并最好提前浏览选项,确定听的重点。
汉语的除非能记住完整的一句话,否则搜索起来太难了,我刚才试了一下“大英博物馆、马克思、青铜、希腊、罗马”,结果搜出来一大堆。
而英语的题找到几个关键词就可以大概找出来了,我还在继续凭记忆找阅读理解的题,呵呵
-----------------------------
结冰条件的那道阅读理解我找到了,貌似是一道托福真或模拟题,见DeltasKeytotheNextGenerationTOEFLTest:
AdvancedSkillGoogle图书结果NancyGallagher-2005-StudyAids-699页
下边的这个是从一个论坛里复制过来的,题目与北师大考试的有一道不一样。
Twoconditionsarenecessaryfortheformationofice:
thepresenceofwaterandtemperaturesbelowfreezing.Iceintheatmosphereandonthegroundcanassumevariousforms,dependingontheconditionsunderwhichwaterisconvertedtoitssolidstate.Icethatformsintheatmospherecanfalltothegroundassnow,sleet,orhail.Snowisanassemblageoficepellets.Hailconsistsofroundedorjaggedlumpsofice,ofteninlayersliketheinternalstructureofanonion.Icealsoformsdirectlyonthegroundoronbodiesofwater,itmaynotformuntillatewinterbecausetheremustbeseveralmonthsoflowtemperaturestochillsuchlargeamountsofwater.
Onpuddlesandsmallponds,icefirstfreezesinathinlayerwithdefinitecrystalstructurethatbecomeslessapparentastheicethickens.Onlakeslargeenoughtohavewaves,suchastheGreatLakes,thefirsticetoformisathinsurfacelayerofslush,sometimescalledgreaseice,whicheventuallygrowsintosmallfloesmayfreezetogetherintoafairlysolidsheetofpackice.Packicemaycovertheentirelakeorberestrictedtoareasneartheshore.
Becausewaterexpandswhenitfreezes,iceislessdensethanliquidwaterandthereforefloatsratherthansinksinwater.Asicefloatsonthesurfaceofalake,ocean,orriver,itactsasaninsulatorandisthusimportantinmaintainingthebalanceoftheecosystem.Withouttheinsulatingeffectoffloatingicesheets,surfacewaterwouldloseheatmorerapidly,andlargebodiesofwatersuchastheArcticOceanandHudsonBaymightfreezeupcompletely.
Questions:
1.Whatconditionisnecessaryforwaterintheatmospheretochangetoitssolidstate?
A.Asolidcloudcoverthatabsorbsthesun'sheat.
B.Aweatherforecastforsnow,sleet,orhail
C.Apositiondirectlyabovealargebodyofwater
D.Atemperaturebelowwater'sfreezingpoint
2.Icethatformsintheatmosphereintheformoflayeredlumpsisknownas"F.
A.snow
B.packice
C.hail
D.greaseice
3.Whydoesiceformlateronverylargebodiesofwater?
AMostlargebodiesofwaterarelocatedatlowelevationsorlowlatitudes.
B.Ittakesseveralmonthsofcoldtemperaturestocoolalargebodyofwater.
C.Largebodiesofwaterarefedbyundergroundspringsofwarmerwater.
D.Thewavesonlargebodiesofwaterpreventthewaterfromfreezingquickly.
4.Theworditinparagraph3refersto
A.water
B.ice
C.surface
D.river
5.Whichofthefollowingisaneffectofthedensityofice?
A.Icethatformsonlargelakeshasagreasyconsistency.
B.Eachicecrystalisunique,butallaresix-sidedstructures.
C.Packiceisrestrictedtoareasneartheshoreofalake.
D.Floatingicesheetspreventbodiesofwaterfromlosingheat.
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代燃料的那道貌似是一道GRE考过的题,呵呵。
注意选项可能和考博的不一样,但大部分是差不多的,我实在记不清了,大家一起回忆一下。
Althoughrecentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasing.Consequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozonethatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleaner-burningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol.
Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesburnmorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbondsandthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargermolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbondsinvolvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshavesetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiency—andliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.
Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels:
theyhavehigherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol’smostattractivefeature,however,isthatit
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