高考英语总复习24个核心考点素养突破.docx
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高考英语总复习24个核心考点素养突破.docx
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高考英语总复习24个核心考点素养突破
突破1 阅读理解之词义推断
词义推断题可以是推断一个单词的意义,也可以是推断一个短语或句子的意义;同时它既可以是推断一个生词的意义,也可以是推断熟词的新义。
如果生词被同位语从句、定语从句等解释,可以根据这些定义推断词义。
如果生词前后有关键词,如表示转折的词but、however、inspiteof、while、eventhough、unlike、instead、onthecontrary等,表示并列或解释的词and、like、similarly、also、thatis、namely、inotherwords等,表示因果的词because、since、for、so、thus、therefore、asaresult、resultfrom等,可以根据这些词语后的信息推断词义。
(2018·全国Ⅰ)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.
Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
...
【语篇解读】文章讲述了随着社会的发展,人类语言越来越少及其原因。
29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2?
A.Complex. B.Advanced.
C.Powerful.D.Modern.
【答案与解析】C 词义推断题。
根据文章第2段中的dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。
由此推知,dominantlanguages意为“强有力的语言”。
(2019·辽宁省六校协作体联考)Whatcanbebetterthanasweettreatwithhealthbenefits?
Asithappens,ourfavouritefood,chocolate,hasafewshinningcharacteristics.ItcomesfromtheTheobromacacao(alsocalledthecacaotree),fromabeanthatgrowsonthattropicaltree.ChocolateoriginatedinMexicoandCentralandSouthAmerica,butWestAfricanowproducesmostoftheworldscacao.LookforfairtradechocolatethatmeetsenvironmentalandlabourstandardsatnaturalfoodsmarketsinKitsilanoandtheWestEnd,atKarmavoreinNewWestminsterandatNaturesFareMarketsthroughouttheprovince.
Darkorsemisweetchocolateistypicallyavegan(素食)product.Becausechocolatecontainsantioxidants(抗氧化剂)thatpreventtheoxidationofLDL(bad)cholesterol(胆固醇),ithasgainedareputationofbeingbeneficialforourhearthealth.Eateninanappropriateamount,chocolatemaylowerbloodpressure.
Chocolateisalsoasourceofiron—a“preciousmetal”whenitcomestohumanhealth.Aspartofredbloodcells,ironplaysacentralroleintransportingoxygentothebodyandcarryingawaythewasteproductcarbondioxide.Eachday,welosetinyamountsofironincellsthataremissingfromskinandtheinnerliningoftheintestine(肠壁).Ifourintakeisnotenoughtoreplaceourlosses,atiredfeelingandsensitivitytocoldmaydevelop.Withfurtherconsuming,peoplefeelexhausted,chillyandevenheadaches;theskinmayappearpale.Sinceironabsenceissuchanobviousconditionandeasilydiagnosed,ifyouhaveanydoubtsaboutyourironlevel,havealabtestdone.
【语篇解读】本文论述了巧克力与健康的关系。
Whatdoes“chilly”inthelastparagraphmean?
A.Easytobeangry.
B.Havingafever.
C.Sensitivetocold.
D.Feelingtired.
【答案与解析】C 词义推断题。
根据最后一段中的“Ifourintakeisnotenoughtoreplaceourlosses,atiredfeelingandsensitivitytocoldmaydevelop.Withfurtherconsuming,peoplefeelexhausted,chillyandevenheadaches;theskinmayappearpale.”可知,chilly与sensitivitytocold意思相近。
突破2 阅读理解之指代对象
“代词指代对象题”解题技巧——语境线索。
对于考查代词指代对象的试题,通常要根据上下文语境来推断代词的含义。
首先要了解代词指代的是名词、短语、句子还是人物、时间或行为,然后找到离该词最近的名词、短语或句子,因为它们最有可能是被代替的内容。
若就近找不到答案,可以根据文章的线索向上寻找,直到找到指代的对象。
注意,代词指代的对象一般不在下文,因此只需在上文寻找即可。
找到可能正确的指代内容后可代入原文进行验证,如内容恰当,即为正确答案。
(2017·全国Ⅱ)IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidntwantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idontknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.
ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:
humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.
Wesharedthebeliefthatifyourefortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewmansOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidntseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.
Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.Hedbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidnttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidntneedalotofwords.
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了作者与PaulNewman之间的深厚友情。
26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?
A.Theirbelief.
B.Theircareforchildren.
C.Theirsuccess.
D.Theirsupportforeachother.
【答案与解析】A 细节题。
第3段第1句中的Wesharedthebeliefthatifyourefortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback是这一段的主旨句,下文是作者举的例子,因此sharingthatbroughtustogether中的that指代前面提到的信仰。
(2019·四川棠湖中学月考)Beingmistreatedatworkcanmakepeopletakeouttheirnegativeemotionsonlovedonesathome.Butanewstudysuggeststhatgettingmoreexerciseandsleepmayhelppeoplebettercopewiththembyleavingthematwork,wheretheybelong.
“Previousresearchshowsthatemployeeswhoarelookeddownonorinsultedbycolleaguesarelikelytoexpresstheirfrustrationsandbehaveangrilytowardpeopleoutsideofwork,”saysstudyco-authorShannonTaylor,amanagementprofessorattheUniversityofCentralFloridasCollegeofBusiness.
Thenewstudybacksupthisidea,butoffersabitofgoodnewsaswell:
Employeeswhoaveragedmorethan10,500stepsadayorburnedatleast2,100calorieswerelesslikelytomistreattheirfamiliesthanthosewhoaveragedfewerstepsorburnedfewercalories.
Thefindingsalsorevealedthatwhenemployeesfelttheyhadabadnightssleepbecauseofworkissues,theyweremorelikelytobeangryathome.“Whenyouretired,youareeither
lessableorlessmotivatedtoregulateyourself,”saysco-authorLarissaBarber,aprofessorofpsychologyatNorthernIllinoisUniversity.
“Physicalactivityseemstocounterbalancepoorsleep,”Barbersays,“becauseitpromoteshealthybrainfunctionsneededtoproperlyregulateemotionsandbehaviors.”“Thisstudysuggeststhathighamountsofexercisecanbeatleastonewaytoimprovethesituationsbroughtbysleeptroublesthatleadtonegativebehaviorsathome,”shesays.
【语篇解读】在工作中受到不公平待遇的人会让家里的亲人受到负面情绪的影响。
但是一项新的研究表明,多运动和睡眠可以帮助人们更好地处理负面情绪的影响。
Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph1referto?
A.Lovedpeopleathome.
B.Negativeemotions.
C.Differentworkpressures.
D.Moreexerciseandsleep.
【答案与解析】B 细节题。
通读第1段可知,画线词指代的是上文提到的negativeemotions。
突破3 阅读理解之细节理解
细节理解题答案选项的表述通常不完全用文章的原话,而是有一定的变化。
首先,选项中可能会引用原文中的部分内容,导致原文意思被缩小,或者可能会加一些限定词如all、every等歪曲原文的意思;其次,选项中可能会用与文中同义、近义或反义的词语来转述原文意思;再次,选项中的内容需要对原文意思进行分析、归纳和整理,然后再进行判断。
(2018·全国Ⅲ)
WelcometoHolkerHall&Gardens
VisitorInformation
HowtoGettoHolker
ByCar:
FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJ36,M6.Approximatetraveltimes:
Windermere—20minutes,Kendal—25minutes,Lancaster—45minutes,Manchester—1hour30minutes.
ByRail:
TheneareststationisCark-in-CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth,LancasterandPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.
OpeningTimes
SundaytoFriday(closedonSaturday)11:
00amto4:
00pm,30thMarchto2ndNovember.
AdmissionCharges
Hall&Gardens
Gardens
Adults:
£12.00
£8.00
Groups:
£9.00
£5.50
SpecialEvents
ProducersMarket 13thApril
Joinustotasteavarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.Meettheproducersandgetsomeexcellentrecipeideas.
HolkerGardenFestival 30thMay
Theeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.
NationalGardenDay 28thAugust
Holkeronceagainopensitsgardensinaidofthedisadvantaged.Forjustasmalldonationyoucantakeatourwithourgardenguide.
WinterMarket 8thNovember
Thisisaneventforallthefamily.Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了参观霍克庄园和花园的游客须知以及那里举行的特色活动。
21.HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerfromManchester?
A.20minutes. B.25minutes.
C.45minutes.D.90minutes.
22.HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisitHall&Gardens?
A.£12.00.B.£9.00.
C.£8.00.D.£5.50.
23.Whicheventwillyougotoifyouwanttoseealivemusicshow?
A.ProducersMarket.B.HolkerGardenFestival.
C.NationalGardenDay.D.WinterMarket.
【答案与解析】
21.D 细节题。
根据Bycar的内容中提到的“Approximatetraveltimes:
Windermere—20minutes,Kendal—25minutes,Lancaster—45minutes,Manchester—1hour30minutes.”可知,从曼彻斯特开车到霍克庄园大概要一个半小时,也就是90分钟。
22.B 细节题。
根据AdmissionCharges的内容可知,团队参观霍克庄园和花园每人要花9英镑。
23.D 细节题。
根据WinterMarket的内容“Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.”可知
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