考研英语二真题.docx
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考研英语二真题.docx
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考研英语二真题
2019年考研英语二真题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.
Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactive,tofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.
Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticesignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.
Forthese9,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.
Iusemybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI’mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.
The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.I’mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I’vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I’mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.
Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.
1.[A]Besides
2.[A]helps
3.[A]initially
4.[A]recording
[B]Therefore
[B]cares
[B]solely
[B]lowering
[C]Otherwise
[C]warns
[C]occasionally
[C]explaining
[D]However
[D]reduces
[D]formally
[D]accepting
5.[A]modify
[B]set
[C]review
[D]reach
6.[A]definition
[B]depiction
[C]distribution
[D]prediction
7.[A]dueto
[B]regardlessof
[C]asidefrom
[D]alongwith
8.[A]orderly
[B]rigid
[C]precise
[D]immediate
9.[A]claims
[B]judgments
[C]reasons
[D]methods
10.[A]instead
[B]though
[C]again
[D]indeed
11.[A]track
[B]overlook
[C]conceal
[D]report
12.[A]dependon
[B]approveof
[C]holdonto
[D]accountfor
13.[A]share
[B]adjust
[C]confirm
[D]prepare
14.[A]results
[B]features
[C]rules
[D]tests
15.[A]bored
[B]anxious
[C]hungry
[D]sick
16.[A]principle
[B]secret
[C]belief
[D]sign
17.[A]request
[B]necessity
[C]decision
[D]wish
18.[A]disappointing
[B]surprising
[C]restricting
[D]consuming
19.[A]if
[B]unless
[C]until
[D]because
20.[A]obsessing
[B]dominating
[C]puzzling
[D]triumphing
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends–andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.
Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable–it’stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinary–feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.
Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.
Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:
Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.
Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,sheratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.
“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”
21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp.
[A]regulateachild’sbasicemotions
[B]improveachild’sintellectualability
[C]fosterachild’smoraldevelopment
[D]intensifyachild’spositivefeelings
22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe.
[A]deceptive
[B]burdensome
[C]addictive
[D]inexcusable
23.Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat.
[A]emotionsarecontext-independent
[B]emotionsaresociallyconstructive
[C]emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth
[D]anemotioncanplayopposingroles
24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing.
[A]mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies
[B]canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt
[C]canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction
[D]maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts
25.Theword“transgressions”(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto.
[A]teachings
[B]discussions
[C]restrictions
[D]wrongdoings
Text2
Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.
Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap–butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable“carbonsinks”longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.
Thestate’sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest’scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.
Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.
Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030–financedfromtheproceedsofthestate’semissions-permitauctions.That’sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.
Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.
Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey’vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California’splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.
26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimpliesthat.
[A]globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol
[B]peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming
[C]extremeweatherconditionsmayarise
[D]forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat
27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,”wemayneedto.
[A]preservethediversityofspeciesinthem
[B]acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees
[C]strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants
[D]lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity
28.California’sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto.
[A]cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees
[B]reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests
[C]findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects
[D]restoreitsfores
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