Young-Goodman-Brown分析Nathaniel-HawthorneWord文档格式.doc
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Young-Goodman-Brown分析Nathaniel-HawthorneWord文档格式.doc
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sworks,andaddressestheCalvinist/Puritanbeliefthathumanityexistsinastateofdepravity,exemptingthosewhoareborninastateofgrace.HawthornefrequentlyattemptstoexposethehypocrisyofPuritancultureinhisliterature.Inasymbolicfashion,thestoryfollowsYoungGoodmanBrown'
sjourneyintoself-scrutinywhichresultsinhislossoffaith.
Plotsummary
ThestorybeginsatsunsetinSalem,Massachusetts,asyoungGoodmanBrownleavesFaith,hiswifeofthreemonths,foranunknownerrandintheforest.Faithpleadswithherhusbandtostaywithherbutheinsiststhejourneyintotheforestmustbecompletedthatnight.Intheforesthemeetsaman,dressedinasimilarmannertohimselfandbearingaresemblancetohimself.Themancarriesablackserpent-shapedstaff.ThetwoencounterMistressCloyseinthewoodswhocomplainsabouttheneedtowalkand,evidentlyfriendlywiththestranger,acceptshissnakestaffandfliesawaytoherdestination.
Othertownspeopleinhabitthewoodsthatnight,travelinginthesamedirectionasGoodmanBrown.Whenhehearshiswife'
svoiceinthetrees,hecallsouttohisFaith,butisnotanswered.Hethenseemstoflythroughtheforest,usingamaplestaffthestrangerfashionedforhim,arrivingataclearingatmidnighttofindallthetownspeopleassembled.Attheceremony(whichmaybeawitches'
sabbath)carriedoutataflame-litrockyaltar,thenewestconvertsarebroughtforth—GoodmanBrownandFaith.Theyaretheonlytwoofthetownspeoplenotyetinitiatedtotheforestrite.GoodmanBrowncallstoheaventoresistandinstantlythescenevanishes.
ArrivingbackathishomeinSalemthenextmorning,GoodmanBrownisuncertainwhetherthepreviousnight'
seventswererealoradream,butheisdeeplyshaken,withthebeliefhelivedinaChristiancommunitydistorted.HeloseshisfaithinhiswifeFaith;
heloseshisfaithinhumanity.Heliveshislifeanembitteredandsuspiciouscynicalman,waryofeveryonearoundhim,includinghiswifeFaith.Hawthorneconcludesthestorybywriting:
"
Andwhenhehadlivedlong,andwasbornetohisgrave...theycarvednohopefulverseuponhistombstone,forhisdyinghourwasgloom
Background
ThestoryissetduringtheSalemwitchtrials,atwhichHawthorne'
sgreat-great-grandfatherJohnHathornewasajudge.AccordingtoAmericanliteraturescholarJamesMellow,Hawthornewasplaguedbyguiltbyhisancestor'
srole,wrotethestorytovindicatehisgrandfatherbyfeaturingtwofictionalvictimsofthewitchtrialswhowerewitchesandnotinnocentvictimsofthewitch-hunt.[1]ItwasalsothisancestralguiltthatinspiredHawthornetochangehisfamily'
sname,addinga"
w"
inhisearlytwenties,shortlyaftergraduatingfromcollege.[2]
InhiswritingsHawthornequestionedestablishedthought—mostspecificallyNewEnglandPuritanismandcontemporaryTranscendentalism.In"
aswithmuchofhisotherwriting,heexposesambiguity.[3]Theplotandtextualreferencesin"
revealthePuritansasbeinglike"
acityuponahill"
asJohnWinthrop,afounderofPuritanism,said,andwantingtobeseenthatwayasgood,holymen.However,theirdoctrineteachesthatallmenareinherentlyevilandtheystrivetocauseeachpersontocometotermswiththisandrealizetheirsinfulnature.ThishypocrisythatHawthornepresentsinhisstoryishowhereflectsonthehypocriticalteachingsofthePuritans.TheytaughtthatmanwasinherentlyevilinnaturemuchinaccordancetoEnlightenmentphilosopherThomasHobbes.
Analysis
Themesandstyle
isoftencharacterizedasanallegoryabouttherecognitionofevilanddepravityasthenatureofhumanity.[4]MuchofHawthorne'
sfiction,suchasTheScarletLetter,issetin17th-centurycolonialAmerica,particularlySalem,Massachusetts.[5]Inordertoconveythesettinginhiswork,heusedliterarytechniquessuchasspecificdiction,orcolloquialexpressions,asin"
inwhichlanguageoftheperiodisusedtoenhancethesetting.Hawthornegivesthecharacters,specificnamesthatdepictabstractpure&
wholesomebeliefssuchas;
YoungGoodmanBrown,andFaith.Thecharactersnames'
ultimatelyserveasaparadoxintheconclusionofthestory.Theinclusionofthistechniquewastoprovideadefinitecontrastandirony.HawthorneaimstocritiquetheidealsofPuritansocietyandexpresshisdisdainforitthusillustratingthedifferencebetweentheappearanceofthoseinsocietyandtheirtrueidentities.[6]
LiteraryscholarWalterShearwritesthatHawthornestructuredthestoryinthreeparts.ThefirstpartshowsGoodmanBrownathishomeinhisvillageintegratedinhissoci
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- 关 键 词:
- Young Goodman Brown 分析 Nathaniel Hawthorne
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