年龄因素对第二语言习得的影响论文Word文档下载推荐.doc
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年龄因素对第二语言习得的影响论文Word文档下载推荐.doc
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Nowerdays,withthedevelopmentofsocietyandtechnology,oursocietyhasbecomemoreopen.People,withdifferentcolors,whocomefromdifferentcountriesandareascommunicatewitheachotherinvariouswaysandmethods.Language,ofcourse,isoneofthemostimportanttoolsinourcommunication.Asweallknown,Englishisaninternationallanguageinthewholeworld.Accordingly,inourcountry,Englishlearningisverypopularwithnotonlystudents,butalsothechildren,adultsandeventheretiredoldman.Andaccordingtomanystudies,ageisoneofthemostimportantindividualfactorsaffectingforeignlanguagelearning,whichisconsideredasafocusofappliedlinguisticsandpsycholinguistics.Almostallparentsthinkthat"
Don'
tlettheirownchildrenloseatthebeginning."
InChina,allthefamiliesbelievethatitisveryimportantforthestudentstolearnEnglishinthechildhood.Andmanyparentsevensendtheirchildrentolanguageschoolsatanearlyageinoldertogetahighscore.
Inrecentyears,somescholarsinChinasuchasGuiShichun,WangChuming,DaiManchun,DaiWeidonghaveaheateddiscussionabouttheaffectionofagefactorsinforeignlanguageteachingandlearning.Atthesametime,thegovernmenthavealsopaidmoreattentiononEnglishlearning.Nowerdays,manyreseachershavestudiedthefactorsaffectinglanguagelearning,suchasintelligence,aptitude,personality,motivation,attitudes,earner'
spreference,learner'
sbeliefsandageofacquisition.ButIjustwanttostudytheinfluenceofagefactor.IsitgoodenoughforparentstolettheirchildrenlearnEnglishatanearlyage?
Dochildrenhaveabsoluteadvantagesoveradolescentsandadultsinsecondlanguageacquisition?
Whataretherespectiveadvantagesanddisadvantagesofchildren,adolescentsandadults?
Withtheaboveproblemsanalyzed,thisthesisfocusontheinfluenceofagefactorontheSecondLanguageAcquisition.
2.SecondLanguageAcquisition
2.1DefinitinofSecondLanguageAcquisition
"
Secondlanguageacquisition"
referstothesubconsciousorconsciousprocessesbywhichalanguageotherthanmothertongueislearntinanaturaloratutoredoraclassroom;
itcoversthedevelopmentofphonology,lexis,grammar,pragmaticsandotherknowledge(HuZhuanglin,p.268).Howchildrenacquiretheirnativelanguagesandwhatistherelavanceofthistoforeignlanguagelearninghaslongbeendebated.Althoughevidenceforthedecliningofsecondlanguagelearningabilitywithageiscontroversial,acommonassumptionisthatchildrenlearnsecondlanguageseasilyandfluentlycomparedwitholdlearners.Thisassumptionstemsfrom"
criticalperiod"
(CP)ideas(Lennerberg,1967).Itiscommonlyknowthatchildrenwithregularfacultiesandgivennormalcircumstanceswilleasilymastertheirnativelanguages.Unfortunately,perfectlanguagemasteryisrarelyintheprocessofsecondlanguageacquisition.Oneofthemostobviouspotentialexplanationsforthelackofsuccessofsecondlanguagelearnerscomparedtofirstlanguagelearnersisthattheacquisitionofsecondlanguagebeginsatalateragethanthatofthemothertonguedoes.Thus,manyscholarsassumethatageitselfisapredicatorofsecondlanguageproficiency.
Apopularbeliefinthisareaisthatyoungerlearnershavecertainadvantagesoverolderlearnersinforeignlanguagelearningandmanylinguistsandresearcherssharethisbelief.Theybelievethatyoungerchildrenlearnsecondlanguagemoreeasilyandquicklythanolderchildren(Ellis,2008;
Larsen-Freeman,2008).However,someotherresearchersholdthetheoppositepoint.Theybelievethatyoungerlearnersdonotshowanyadvantageoverolderlearnersinsecondlanguagelearning,andtheyevencanprovidesomeevidencetoprovescientificallythattheoppositeistrue,i.e.olderlearnersexhibitsomeadvantagesoveryoungerlearners(Snow&
Hoefnagef-Hohle,1978).
Aboutthestudyonagefactorsaffectingsecondlanguageacquisition,Carroll(1980)providedneurologicalbasisforcriticalperiodhypothesisfromaspectofearlierexposure,whoseexperimentindicatesthattheearlierexposuretosecondlanguage,moreorless,isofsignificancetothesuccessofsecondlanguageacquisition.Thatis,theearlyexposuretosecondlanguagewillbringquitedifferentqualitytolaterlanguagelearninginbothnaturalandconscioussettings.
2.2CurrentSituationofSecondLanguageAcquisition
Manystudiespaymuchattentiontotheagefactorinsecondlanguagelearningathomeandabroad.Therelationshipbetweenagefactorandsecondlanguageacquisitionhasbecomemoreandmorehotandpopular.
Asforsecondlangugeacquisition.PenfieldandRoberts(1959:
130)firstintroducedtheCriticalPeriod.AccordingtoPenfieldandRoberts,achild'
sbrainismoreplasticcomparedwiththatofanadult.Andin1967,Lenneber
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