考研英语语法Word格式文档下载.docx
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考研英语语法Word格式文档下载.docx
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Wedochickenright.
5)主+系+表:
Youaremysunshine
(二)并列句
由并列连词连接的若干简单句
2、并列连词:
and、but、or
3、省略
(三)复合句
由从属连词连接的若干简单句
2、从句分类:
名词性、形容词性、副词性
3、句序:
陈述
二、从句
(一)名词性从句
1、分类:
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
2、连词:
1)that:
引导陈述句,本身没有意思
2)whether、if:
引导一般疑问句,意为“是否”
3)疑问词:
引导特殊疑问句
3、主语从句:
用一句话充当主语
it作形式主语
4、同位语从句:
名词后的that从句
(二)定语从句
1、先行词
1)定义:
被定语从句修饰的词、短语或句子
2)如何判断先行词:
根据定语从句的结构或意思
定语从句的结构:
指谓语动词的形式的单复数
2、关系词:
分为关系代词和关系副词
关系代词:
that、which、who、whom、whose、as、than
关系副词:
when、where、why
指代人或物
2)which:
指代物或句子
3)whose:
指代人或物的所有格
4)as:
非限制性定语从句:
指代主句,位置随意
3、省略关系词
当关系词在从句中不作主语时,可以省略。
尤其是关系词充当从句的宾语时。
(三)状语从句
1、时间:
when、while、as、before、after、until
2、原因:
because、since、as、for
3、条件:
if、unless、aslongas
4、让步:
although、while、evenif、eventhough
5、目的:
that、inorderthat、totheextentthat
6、结果:
that
7、比较:
as、than
8、方式:
as
9、地点:
where
三、动词
(一)非谓语动词
1、作用:
充当名词、修饰名词
2、分类、形式及特征
不定式:
todo将来;
主动
动名词:
doing现在;
过去分词:
done过去;
被冻
例:
1999阅读P1
Feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritingever-longerwarninglabels,tryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.
独立主格:
公式:
(With+)主语1+非谓语,主语2+谓语。
2003阅读P3
Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.
(二)虚拟语气
1、if
从句:
时态倒退
主句:
would、should、could、might+动词
从句主句
过去haddonewouldhavedone
现在did(were)woulddo
将来did(were)woulddo
weretodo
shoulddo
过去:
例1:
2003阅读P1
WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.
例2:
1995完形50
Theratsdevelopbacterialinfectionsoftheblood,____theirimmunesystems—theself-protectingmechanismagainstdisease—hadcrashed.
A.ifB.asifC.onlyifD.ifonly
例3:
2008翻译47
Heassertedalsothathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimited,forwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.
现在或将来
2001阅读P3
Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.
ThreeDaystoSee(HelenKeller)
Ihaveoftenthoughtitwouldbeablessingifeachhumanbeingwerestrickenblindanddeafforafewdaysatsometimeduringhisearlyadultlife.Darknesswouldmakehimmoreappreciateofsight;
silencewouldteachhimthejoysofsound.
Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.
2、名词性从句
谓语:
should+doshould可以省略
在祈使语气词后的名词性从句
2005阅读P2
Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.3、其他
1)Itistimethat主+did“是该做...的时候了”
1998阅读P1
ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.
2)wish、wouldrather、suppose、ifonly、asif
后面的从句谓语形式:
四、句式
(一)倒装
1、宾语后置
vt+成分(adj、prep)+宾语(n)
1998完形
Bycontrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstillacompletelyagriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.
2、全部倒装
1)表语+系动词+主语:
1997阅读P4
AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverforthelateSteveRossin1992.
Therebe句型即为此类倒装的一种形式。
2)状语+谓语+主语:
LongliveChairmanMao.毛主席万岁!
3、部分倒装
结构:
助动词+主语+实意动词
条件:
否定句首、only+状语句首、虚拟语气省略if(限于were、had、should)
否定句首:
2005翻译46
Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed—andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.
only+状语句首:
2009翻译47
Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitutionnoted,andonlymoregraduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution.
虚拟语气省略if:
1995翻译75
Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.
(二)插入
1、形式:
在主谓、谓宾或者联系紧密成分之间出现的双逗号,双括号,双破折号之间的成分。
2、成分:
状语、主谓结构、同位语、定语从句。
状语:
1998翻译72
TheexistenceofthegiantcloudswasvirtuallyrequiredfortheBigBang,firstputforwardinthe1920s,tomaintainitsreignasthedominantexplanationofthecosmos.
主谓结构:
1994翻译72
“Inshort”,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,“thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.”
同位语:
2005阅读P3
Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;
thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain”)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.
3、并列结构插入
2010翻译50
Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.
(三)否定
1、部分否定:
all、every、alwasys等表示程度或范围“全部”概念的词加上否定词,意为“不都是,不全是”
TheMerchantofVenice
Allthatglittersisnotgold.
1998阅读P4
Notallthatshiftcanbeattributedtothemovementoutofthesnowbeltcensusofficialssay,Nonstopwavesofimmigrantsplayedarole,too—andsodidbiggercropsofbabiesasyesterday’s“babyboom”generationreacheditschildbearingyears.
2、双重否定:
否定词+否定词。
否定词可以为具有否定含义的或有否定词缀的词。
2005阅读P4
Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.
(四)强调
1、强调句型:
Itis/was强调成分that剩余成分。
其中“Itis/was...that”为强调句型,“强调成分+剩余成分”为完整的句子。
Perhapsitishumankind'
slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheideaofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.
2、强调动词:
do(does、did)+动词原形,意为“确实、非常”。
ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:
“scienceneverhasalltheanswer.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”
3、强调名词:
very/ongly/rather+n,意为“正式,只有”。
2008翻译46
hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.
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