福建省龙岩市学年高三上学期期末英语试题Word文档下载推荐.docx
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福建省龙岩市学年高三上学期期末英语试题Word文档下载推荐.docx
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第I卷(选择题)
评卷人
一、阅读理解
ExtinctionIFearandHopeattheLaBreaTarPits
November10,2016
Speciesextinctionshappenroutinely.Andevolutioncan’tgoaheadwithoutthem.CharlesDarwinwasthefirsttograspthatmoreadaptedspeciesappearasless-adaptedspeciesdieout.Butmassextinctions,whichhappenonlyrarelyandwipeoutlargenumbersofspeciesregardlessofhowadaptedtheyare,poseadifferentkindofchallenge.Today,scientistshaverungthealarmthatasixthmassextinctiononplanetEarthmaybeunderway—thisonecausedbynoneotherthanus!
Whatbetterplacetothinkabouttheroleofextinctioninthepast,present,andfuturethantheLaBreaTarPits?
Howdothestorieswetellaboutextinctanimalsandplants,andthemuseumexhibitions,imagesandfilmsweusetorememberthem,shapescience,laws,andpoliciestoprotectendangeredspecies?
Joinusforalivelyconversationlookingatendangeredplantsandanimals,extinction,andtheglobalconsequencesofmassextinctionandcomeawayinspiredwithnewideasandhopesforthefuture.
Thediscussionwillinclude:
●StewartBrand,environmentalauthor,co-founderandpresidentofTheLongNowFoundation
●Dr.EmilyLindsey,AssistantCurator(hK)andExcavationSiteDirectoroftheLaBreaTarPitsandMuseum
●JonChristensen,environmentaljournalist,sciencewriterandhistorianwithUCLA(UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles),co-founderoftheLaboratoryofEnvironmentalNarrativeStrategies(LENS)
●UrsulaHeise,UCLAProfessorofEnglish,LENSco-founderandauthorofthenewbookImaginingExtinction:
TheCulruralMeaningsofEndangeredSpecies
Schedule:
6:
00pm:
Doorsopen,toursavailable
7:
Discussionbegins
8:
30pm:
Discussionconcludes
9:
Doorsclose
Cost:
Free
Advancedreservationrequired.
1.Whatistheprogrammainlyabout?
A.Extinctionsofspecies.B.Massextinctionsinhistory
C.Someenvironmentalbooks.D.CharlesDanwin’sachievements.
2.Howlongwouldthediscussionpartlast?
A.1.0hour.B.1.5hour.
C.2.5hours.D.3.0hours.
3.Whatdoweknowabouttheprogram?
A.Abookingisneeded.
B.Itaimstowarnpeople
C.Itisheldmainlyforteens.
D.Itcostsonlyalittlemoney.
TimMa’sparentswenttotheUnitedStatesfromTaiwaninthe1970sandopenedarestaurant,whichwasnotasuccess.TheyhopedMawouldbecomeanengineerordoctoroutoffinancialsecurity.
MagrewupinthestateofArkansas,achallengingplacetoliveinforhim.Hesaid,“TherewassomeracismandIcameupthroughaverynon-equalenvironment.”
Madidwellinmathandscienceinhighschoolandendedupchoosingtostudyelectricalengineeringincollege.
Severalengineeringjobslater,Mahadachangeofheart.Hewantedtoleavetheengineeringworldbehindandentertherestaurantbusiness.
Hisparentscouldnotunderstandwhyheleftsuchagoodjobtoopenarestaurant,whichtheyhadworkedlonghoursforbutstillfailed.
ButMaremainedcertain.Hewasgoingtodothingsdifferentlyfromhisparents.Hewasabletolearnfromtheirmajormistakeasrestaurantowners—theyknewverylittleabouttheartofcooking.
So,atage30,Maleftengineeringandreturnedtoschooltostudycooking.HeattendedtheInternationalCulinary(烹调)CenterinNewYorkandreceivedtraininginFrenchcooking.Masoondiscovereditwassimilartoengineeringandlikedit.Hesaid,“Professionalcookisconsistency,efficiency,cleanliness.Everythinghasatheory.”
In2009,MaopenedhisfirstrestaurantinVirginiacalledMapleAvenueandservedAmericancuisine.Hecooked,cleanedtheovens(灶,烤箱),fixedequipmentandpaidbillsforsevendaysaweek.
Hislonghoursofworkpaidoff.LastyearheopenedhisfourthrestaurantKyirisaninWashington,D.C.Masays,“Mysuccessjustcomesfrom‘sheerhardwork’.”
“Ithinkinthiscountryyoucancreateyourownsuccessjustbyworkinghard.Notbecauseyou’resmarter,notbecauseyou’remorecreativethananybody,justbyworkinghard.”
4.WhydidTimMa’sparentsexpecthimtobeanengineerordoctor?
A.Beinganengineerordoctorwasthebestchoice.
B.Malikedthejobsofengineering.
C.Thejobsprovidedenoughforaliving.
D.Mastudiedwellinmathandscience.
5.WhatcanwelearnaboutTimMa?
A.Helearnedtocookfromhisparents.B.Heopenedarestaurantupongraduation.
C.Heowedhissuccesstohiscreativity.D.Heprovedpromisinginhisrestaurant.
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sheer”inParagraph6probablymean?
A.Careful.B.Pure.
C.ExtremeD.Slight.
7.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?
A.Engineeringpromisesachievements.B.Creationmattersmuchinbusiness.
C.Americansfacechallengeofequality.D.Successcomesfromhardwork.
ThePacificnationofPalauwillsoonbanmanytypesofsunscreeninanefforttoprotectitscoralreefs.
PresidentTommyRemengesauJr,signedlegislation(法令)recentlythatbans“reeftoxic”(对珊瑚有毒)sunscreenbeginningin2020.Thelawdefinesreeftoxicsunscreenascontaininganyoneof10chemicals,includingoxybenzone.Otherchemicalsmayalsobebanned.
Officialswilltakebannedsunscreensfromvisitorswhocarrythemintothecountry,Businessesthatsellthebannedproductswillbefinedupto$1,000.
Inastatement,Remengesausaidthatthepunishmentsfindtherightbalancebetween“educatingtouristsandscaringthemaway.”
Thelawalsorequirestouroperatorstostartprovidingcustomerswithreusablecups,drinkingstrawsandfoodcontainers.
Thepresidentsaidthelegislationwasintroducedbasedoninformationfroma2017report.ThereportfoundthatsunscreenproductswerewidespreadinPalau’sfamousJellyfishLake.Thelakewasclosedformorethanayearbecauseofadecreaseinjellyfishnumbers.Itwasrecentlyreopened.
Thepresidentalsonotedthatplasticwaste,chemicalpollution,andclimatechangeallthreatenthecountry’senvironmentalhealth.
Scientistshavefoundthatsomechemicalsinsunscreencanbetoxictocoralreefs.Thereelsareanimportantpartoftheoceanenvironmentandpopularwithtourists,Butsomecriticssaytherearenotenoughindependentscientificstudiesontheissue.Othersworrythatpeoplewillsufferfromtoomuchsuncontactiftheystopusingtheproducts.
Somemanufacturershavealreadystartedselling“reef-friendly”sunscreen.
PalauislocatedeastofthePhilippinesandnorthofIndonesia.Thenationishometo21,000people.Itseconomydependsontourismandfishing.
8.WhatcanwelearnaboutPalau’snewlegislation?
A.Itcontributestothebalanceofnature.
B.Itbenefitsthehealthofthetourists.
C.Itallowsforenvironmentalprotection.
D.Itisbasedonascientificresearch.
9.WhatwillhappentovisitorscarryingbannedsunscreensintoPalauafter2020?
A.Theywillbeputintoprison.
B.Theirsunscreenswillbetakenaway.
C.Theywillbefinedupto$1,000
D.Theywillbedrivenoutofthecountry.
10.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothetext?
A.Reef-toxicsunscreencontains10chemicals.
B.JellyfishLakewasonceclosedandreopenedin2017.
C.TouriststoPalauhavesufferedmuchfromsuncontact.
D.“Reef-friendly”sunscreenareonsaleinPalau.
11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.PalauCarriedoutNewLegislation
B.SunscreenProductsAreReef-toxic
C.PalautoBanSunscreentoSaveItsCoralReefs
D.PalautoSell“Reef-friendly”Sunscreen
Microwaveovensprovideaneasywaytoquicklyheatfoodwhenhungerstrikes.Butdoestheconvenienceofmicrowavecookingcomeatthecostoflosingnutrientsoffoods?
Theanswermaysurpriseyou.
Anykindofcookingmethodwillresultinsomenutrientlosses,soourconcernistowhatdegreenutrientsaredamaged,explainedScottA.Rankin,professorandchairoftheDepartmentofFoodScienceattheUniversityofWisconsin-madison.“Typicalmicrowaveheatingresultsinminimumlossesofvaluablenutrientlossesinfoods,”Rankinsaid.
Thefactors(因素)thataffectnutrientlossesinfoodsduringcookingincludetime(thelongerthefoodiscooked,themorenutrientloss);
temperature(themoreheat,themorelosses);
andtheamountofliquidthefoodiscookedin(themorewater,themorenutrientloss).
Microwavecookingsendsoutwavelengthsthatareabsorbedbywatermolecules(分子)infood,whichproduceheatastheyrenosate(共振)withthosewavelengthsinfood,Rankinexplained.Soheatingfoodinamicrowaveoftenrequiresverylittleornoliquidatall.
Additionally,aconventionalovenheatsfoodfromtheoutsidein,sothesurfaceoffoodcanbeexposedtoextraheatbythetimeitreachesitstargettemperature,increasingthepotentialfornutrientloss.Withmicrowavecooking,thetemperatureheatsthefoodthesameeverywhere,sothepointatwhichthefoodhasreachedthedesiredtemperatureisachievedwithlittlenutrientdamage,Rankinsaid.
Steaminginthemicrowaveispreferabletosinkingfoodsinwater,whichcanresultinalossofnutrients.“Youcanuseamicrowavesteamingplatewithwaterinthebottom,orsimplyaddyourvegetablesandasmallamountofwatertoamicroware-safebowlandcoverwithmicrowave-safeplasticwrap,leavingonecomeropentoallowairtoescape,”saidWhitneyLinsenmeyer,aregistereddietitianandspokeswomanfortheAcademyofNutritionandDietetics.
Whetheryouchoosemicrowavingorconventionalcookingmethods,keepyourcookingtemperaturelowwhenpossible.It'
salsobesttousemethodsthatrequireleastaddedliquid,Linsenmeyersaid.
12.Inwhataspectaremicrowaveovensdifferentfromconventionalones?
A.TheirheatingprincipleB.Theirwavelengths.
C.Theirelectricc
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