大学英语四级考试真题第三套及答案文档格式.docx
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大学英语四级考试真题第三套及答案文档格式.docx
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Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheimportanceofspeakingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartⅡListeningComprehension
说明:
2018年6月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。
本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样,只是选项的顺序不一样而已,故在本套中不再重复给出。
PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
AnofficetoweronMillerStreetinManchesteriscompletelycoveredinsolarpanels.Theyareusedtocreatesomeoftheenergyusedbytheinsurancecompanyinside.Whenthetowerwasfirst26in1962,itwascoveredwiththinsquarestones.Thesesmallsquarestonesbecameaproblemforthebuildingandcontinuedtofalloffthefacefor40yearsuntilamajorrenovationwas27.Duringthisrenovationthebuilding’sowners,CIS,28thesolarpanelcompany,Solarcentury.Theyagreedtocovertheentirebuildinginsolarpanels.In2004,thecompletedCIStowerbecameEurope’slargest29ofverticalsolarpanels.Averticalsolarprojectonsuchalarge30hasneverbeenrepeatedsince.
Coveringaskyscraperwithsolarpanelshadneverbeendonebefore,andtheCIStowerwaschosenasoneofthe“10bestgreenenergyprojects”.Foralongtimeafterthisrenovationproject,itwasthetallestbuildingintheUnitedKingdom,butitwas31overtakenbytheMillbankTower.
Greenbuildingslikethisaren’t32cost-efficientfortheinvestor,butitdoesproducemuchlesspollutionthanthatcausedbyenergy33throughfossilfuels.Assolarpanelsget34,theworldislikelytoseemoreskyscraperscoveredinsolarpanels,collectingenergymuchliketreesdo.Imagineaworldwherebuildingthetallestskyscraperwasn’taraceof35,butratheronetocollectthemostsolarenergy.
A)cheaperI)eventually
B)cleanerJ)height
C)collectionK)necessarily
D)competedL)production
E)constructedM)range
F)consultedN)scale
G)dimensionO)undertaken
H)discovered
SectionB
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
SomeCollegeStudentsAreAngryThatTheyHavetoPaytoDoTheirHomework
A)Digitallearningsystemsnowchargestudentsforaccesscodesneededtocompletecoursework,takequizzes,andturninhomework.Asuniversitiesgodigital,studentsarecomplainingofanewhittotheirfinancesthat’sreplacing—andsometimesjoining—expensivetextbooks:
priceyonlineaccesscodesthatarerequiredtocompletecourseworkandsubmitassignments.
B)Thecodes—whichtypicallyrangeinpricefrom$80to$155percourse—givestudentsonlineaccesstosystemsdevelopedbyeducationcompanieslikeMcGrawHillandPearson.Thesecompanies,whichlongreapedbigprofitsastextbookpublishers,haveboastedthattheirnewonlineofferings,whenpushedtostudentsthroughuniversitiestheypartnerwith,representthefutureoftheindustry.
C)Butcriticssaythedigitalaccesscodesrepresentthesameprofit-seekingethos(观念)ofthetextbookbusiness,andareevenharderforstudentstooptoutof.Whiletheycouldoncebuysecond-handtextbooks,orsharecopieswithfriends,thedigitalsystemsareessentiallyimpossibletoavoid.
D)“Whenwetalkabouttheaccesscodeweseeitasthenewfaceofthetextbookmonopoly(垄断),anewwaytolockstudentsaroundthissystem,”saidEthanSenack,thehighereducationadvocateforthe.PublicInterestResearchGroup,toBuzzFeedNews.“Ratherthan$250(foraprinttextbook)you’repaying$120,”saidSenack.“Butbecauseit’salldigitaliteliminatestheusedbookmarketandeliminatesanysharingandbecausehomeworkandtestsarethroughanaccesscode,iteliminatesanyabilitytooptout.”
E)SarinaHarper,a19-year-oldstudentatVirginiaTech,wasfacedwithatoughdilemmawhenshefirststartedcollegein2015—payrentorpaytoturninherchemistryhomework.ShetoldBuzzFeedNewsthatherfreshmanchemistryclassrequiredhertouseConnect,asystemprovidedbyMcGrawHillwherestudentscansubmithomework,takeexamsandtracktheirgrades.Butthecodetoaccesstheprogramcost$120—abigsumforHarper,whohadalreadyputdown$450fortextbooks,andhadrentdayapproaching.
F)Shedecidedtowaitforhernextwork-studypaycheck,whichwastypically$150-$200,topayforthecode.Sheknewthatherchemistrygrademaytakeadiveasaresult.“It’sabalancingact,”shesaid.“CanIreallyaffordtheseaccesscodesnow”Shedidn’thandinherfirsttwoassignmentsforchemistry,whichstartedheroutintheclasswithafailinggrade.
G)Theaccesscodesmaybeanotherfinancialheadacheforstudents,butfortextbookbusinesses,they’rethefuture.McGrawHill,whichcontrols21%ofthehighereducationmarket,reportedinMarchthatitsdigitalcontentsalesexceededprintsalesforthefirsttimein2015.Thecompanysaidthat45%ofits$140millionrevenuein2015“wasderivedfromdigitalproducts.”
H)APearsonspokespersontoldBuzzFeedNewsthat“digitalmaterialsarelessexpensiveandagoodinvestment”thatoffernewfeatures,likeaudiotexts,personalizedknowledgechecksandexpertvideos.Itsdigitalcoursematerialssavestudentsupto60%comparedtotraditionalprintedtextbooks,thecompanyadded.McGrawHilldidn’trespondtoarequestforcomment,butitsCEODavidLevintoldtheFinancialTimesinAugustthat“inhighereducation,theeraoftheprintedtextbookisnowover.”
I)Thetextbookindustryinsiststheonlinesystemsrepresentabetterdealforstudents.“Thesedigitalproductsaren’tjustmechanismsforstudentstosubmithomework,theyofferallkindsoffeatures,”DavidAnderson,theexecutivedirectorofhighereducationwiththeAssociationofAmericanPublishers,toldBuzzFeedNews.“Ithelpsstudentsunderstandinawaythatyoucan’tdowithprinthomeworkassignments.”
J)DavidHunt,anassociateprofessorinsociologyatAugustaUniversity,whichhasrolledoutdigitaltextbooksacrossitsmathandpsychologydepartments,toldBuzzFeedNewsthatheunderstandstheutilityofusingsystemsthatrequireaccesscodes.Buthedoesn’trequirehisstudentstobuyaccesstoalearningprogramthatcontrolstheclassassignments.“Itrytomakethingsasinexpensiveaspossible,”saidHunt,whousesfreedigitaltextbooksforhisclassesbutdesignshisowncurriculum.“TheonlinesystemsmaymakemylifealoteasierbutIfeellikeI’mgivingupcontrol.Thediscussionsarethethingswheremyexpertisecanbenefitthestudentsmost.”
K)A20-year-oldjunioratGeorgiaSouthernUniversitytoldBuzzFeedNewsthatshenormallyspends$500-$600onaccesscodesforclass.Inonecase,theprofessordidn’trequirestudentstobuyatextbook,justanaccesscodetoturninhomework.Thisyearshesaidshespent$900onaccesscodestobooksandprograms.“That’stwomonthsofrent,”shesaid.“Youcan’tsellanyofitback.Withatraditionaltextbookyoucansellitfor$30-$50andthathelpstopayforyournewsemester’sbooks.Withanaccesscode,you’reoutofthatmoney.”
L)BenjaminWolverton,a19-year-oldstudentattheUniversityofSouthCarolina,toldBuzzFeedNewsthat“it’sridiculousthatafterpayingtensofthousandsintuitionwehavetopayforalltheseaccesscodestodoourhomework.”Manyoftheaccesscodeshe’spurchasedhavebeenrequiredsimplytocompletehomeworkorquizzes.“Oftenit’sonly10%ofyourgradeinclass,”hesaid.“You’repayingsomuchmoneyforsomethingthathardlyaffectsyourgrade—butifyoudidn’thaveit,itwouldaffectyourgradeenough.ItwouldbebadtostartoutataBorC.”Wolvertonsaidhespent$500onaccesscodesfordigitalbooksandprogramsthissemester.
M)Harper,apoultry(家禽)sciencemajor,istakingchemistryagainthisyearandhadtobuyanewaccesscodetohandinherhomework.Sherentedhereconomicsandstatisticstextbooksforabout$20each.Butheraccesscodesforhomework,whichcan’tberentedorboughtsecond-hand,werehermostexpensivepurchases:
$120and$85.
N)Shestillremembersthestingofherfirstexperienceskippinganassignmentduetothehighprices.“Wedon’treallyhaveamissedassignmentpolicy,”shesaid.“Ifyoumissit,youjustmissit.Ijustgotzerosonacoupleoffirstassignments.Imanagedtopulleverythingbackup.Butasascaredfreshmanlookingattheirgrades,it’snotfun.”
36.Astudent’syearlyexpensesonaccesscodesmayamounttotheirrentfortwomonths.
37.Theonlineaccesscodesmaybeseenasawaytotiethestudentstothedigitalsystem.
38.Ifastudenttakesacourseagain,theymayhavetobuyanewaccesscodetosubmittheirassignments.
39.McGrawHillaccountsforoverone-fifthofthemarketshareofcollegetextbooks.
40.Manytraditionaltextbookpublishersarenowofferingonlinedigitalproducts,whichtheybelievewillbethefutureofthepublishingbusiness.
41.Onestudentcomplainedthattheynowhadtopayforaccesscodesinadditiontothehightuition.
42.Digital
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