高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习含答案Word文档格式.docx
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高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习含答案Word文档格式.docx
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♦Iftheyinvitemethisevening,Ishallgowiththem.(陈述语气,说话人认为被邀请的可能性很大)
♦Iftheyinvitedmethisevening,Ishouldgowiththem.(虚拟语气,说话人认为被邀请的可能性小或者根本不可能)
二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句。
在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。
♦Ifitdoesn'
traintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
♦Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。
(事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事。
)
所述情况
If-条件从句
主句
与现在事实相反
If+主语+动词过去式(be动词用were)
主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形
与过去事实相反
If+主语+haddone
主语+would/could/might/should+havedone
与将来事实相反
1.If+主语+动词过去式
2.If+主语+weretodo
3.If+主语+shoulddo
主语+would/could/might/should/+动词原形
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,条件从句与主句的谓语动词的形式为:
★★主句中的should只用于I,we,美语中的should常被would代替。
从句中的should可用于各种人称。
Might表示“可能”,可用于主句中的各种人称。
1.表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生:
条件状语从句:
一般过去时(虚拟语气中be→were)
主句用:
would(should,could,might)+动词原形。
♦IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldgoatonce.如果我是你,我立刻就走。
♦Ifwehadtimenow,wewouldreaditagain.
♦IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkhard.
补充:
Ifitwerenotforsth.…意为“如果没有…”,表示同现在的事实相反的假设。
♦Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.如果没有下雨,庄稼就会死的。
♦Ifitwerenotforpeace,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.
2.表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生:
had+过去分词;
主句:
would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词。
♦Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldn’t/couldn’thavefailedintheexam.如果你按照我的建议去做,你就不会考试不及格。
♦IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberthen,Iwouldhavecalledyou.
Ifithadnotbeenforsth.…意为“如果当时没有…”,表示同过去事实相反的假设。
♦Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.如果当时没有你的帮助,我会失败的。
♦Ifithadnotbeenforyourtimelyhelp,Iwouldhavegonebankrupt.
3.表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生:
①一般过去时;
②should+动词原形;
③wereto+动词原形;
♦IfIsawhimtomorrow,Iwouldpassyournotetohim.如果我明天见到他,就把你的便条给他。
♦Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.
♦Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.
4.混合/错综型虚拟语气-主句的动作和从句的动作发生的时间不一致的情况
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为‘错综条件句’,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.(从句说的是过去,主句是现在)
IfIwerenotbusy,Iwouldhavecome.如果我不忙,我就会来了。
(从句是现在,主句是过去)
5.虚拟条件句的特殊情况
(1).省略if的虚拟语气
如果从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以把这三个词置于句首,省略if.采用倒装语序。
Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?
→Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?
Ifhehadrecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover.→Hadherecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover
巩固练习:
1._____C_____youraddress,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.
A.DidIknowB.WereItoknowC.HadIknownD.IfIshouldknow
2.Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she____D____somethingshewouldregretlater.
A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid
3.Ifwe_____A_____200yearsold,we__________everything.
A.weretobe,couldchangeB.hadbeen,changed
C.were,wouldhavechangedD.shouldbe,changed
4.MaybeifI_______science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.
A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying
5.______mewhatyouwantedtoknow,Ishouldnothavewastedmytimetalkingsomuchwithyou.
A.Hadyoutold
B.Youhavetold
C.Youhadtold
D.Haveyoutold
6._______thisafternoon,youwouldhavetocomeagainnextweek.
A.Thebossdidn’treturnB.Thebosswerenottoreturn
C.WerethebossnottoreturnD.Didn’tthebossreturn
7.Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe______there,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.
A.lives
B.wouldlive
C.havinglived
D.weretolive
8.We_____backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.
A.are
B.were
C.willbe
D.wouldbe
9.Ifwe______atableearlier,wecouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.
A.havebooked
B.booked
C.book
D.hadbooked
10.WereItodoit,I________itsomeotherway.
A.willdo
B.woulddo
C.wouldhavedone
D.weretodo
11.Janewouldneverhavegonetotheparty________thatMarywouldcometoseeher.
A.hassheknown
B.hadsheknown
C.ifsheknow
D.ifshehasknown
12.Ifyouhadenoughmoney,what________?
A.willyoubuy
B.wouldyoubuy
C.wouldyouhavebought
D.willyouhavebought
三、虚拟语气用在名词性从句中
1.在主语从句中的用法
主句
主语从句的谓语动词
用法
Itisimportant/strange/natural/
necessary/wonderfulthat
should+动词原形
表示现在的情况
should+have+过去分词
表示过去的情况
1常见的这类形容词有:
advisable,anxious,better,desirable,surprising,natural,necessary,strange,important,regretful.
♦Itisnecessarythatyoushouldcleantheworkshopafterwork.下班后,你必须清扫车间。
♦Itisstrange(surprising,disappointing)thatshe(should)haveleftwithoutsayinggood-bye.她不辞而别,真让人奇怪。
2常见的这类过去分词有:
decided,demanded,recommended,requested,desired,required,ordered,suggested,planned
♦Itwassuggestedthathe(should)jointheclubactivities.
3常见的这类名词有:
duty,pity,nosurprise,nowonder,regret,shame,desire;
表示惊讶、怀疑、不满等。
♦Itisapitythathe(should)refusetoaccepttheoffer.
♦Itisasimpledesireofallthepeace-lovingpeoplethatthere(should)benowarintheworls.
1.—Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe___B_____toMiamibuttoNewYork?
—Iagree,buttheproblemis________hehasrefusedto.
A.willnotbesent;
thatB.notbesent;
that
C.shouldnotbesent;
whatD.shouldnotsend;
what
2.Itisquitenaturalthatmycominglateagain________themveryangry.
A.hadmade
B.wouldmake
C.makes
D.make
3.Iamsorrythathe________insuchpoorhealth.
A.are
B.shallbe
C.were
D.shouldbe
4.Itisimportantthatwe________.
A.shallclosethewindowbeforeweleave
B.willclosethewindowbeforeweleave
C.mustclosethewindowbeforeweleave
D.closethewindowbeforeweleave
2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气
❶当表示与事实相反的愿望时,动词wish后所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气(意为“要是,但愿…就好了”),其形式主要有三种:
时态
谓语动词形式
与现实相反的愿望
动词过去式(be用were/was)
与过去事实相反的愿望
had+过去分词
与将来事实可能相反的愿望
should/would+过去分词
♦IwishIknewthequestiontothisanswer(与现在事实相反)
♦Shewishedshehadstayedathome.(与过去事实相反)
♦Iwishitwouldbefinetomorrow.(与将来可能相反)
1.Iwishyou____B______himmytelephonenumber,butyoudid.
A.didn’tgiveB.hadn’tgivenC.wouldn’tgiveD.shouldn’tgive
2.—Wherearethechildren?
Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.
—Iwishthey___A_____alwayslate.
A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen
3.Wewishwe____whatyoudidwhenwewereathighschool.
A.did
B.couldhavedone
C.havedone
D.shoulddo
4.Tomisveryshortnow.Hismotherwishesthathe________betallwhenhegrowsup.
A.could
B.should
C.would
D.wereableto
❷在表示建议,命令,要求、愿望等动词后的从句要用“(should)+动词原形”。
此类动词有:
(1)坚持:
insist(坚持要求);
(2)命令:
order,command;
(3)建议:
suggest,advise,propose,recommend;
(4)要求:
demand,require,ask,request
♦Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.我们建议会议推迟到下周。
♦Theteacherorderedthatallthebooks(should)behandedinontime.
当suggest表示‘暗示,说明’之意;
insist表示‘坚持认为,坚持说’之意时,从句不用虚拟,用正常的陈述语气。
♦HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.他坚持说我看过他的信。
(“看信”已成为事实,故用陈述语气)
♦HeinsistedthatIshouldreadhisletter.他坚持要我看他的信。
(“看信”尚未成为事实,故用虚拟语气)
♦Shesuggestedthatwe(should)leaveearly.(虚拟语气)
♦Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithlife.
3.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议,命令,要求,提议,愿望的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词要用“(should)+动词原形”。
常见名词有:
order,advice,plan,idea,proposal,suggestion,requirement,request,demand,preference,desire,hope,decision等。
Theyreceivedanorderthattheystartoffatonce.他们接到命令要立即出发。
Hisproposalisthatwe(should)getridofthebadhabits.
Mysuggestionisthathe(should)besentthere.
1.Teachersrecommendparents_____theirchildrenunder12toridebikestoschoolforsafety.
A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow
2.Themaninprisoninsistedthathe___A___nothingwrongand_________setfree.
A.haddone,shouldbeB.shoulddo,shouldbe
C.haddone,hadbeenD.shoulddo,hadbeen
分析:
insist后的从句谓语是否用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。
一般说来,若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;
若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。
对上题而言,坐牢的这个人坚持了两点:
一是没做错事,二是应该释放。
很显然,在坐牢这个人看来,“没做错事”应该是事实,故用陈述语气;
“被释放”还不是事实(因为他还在坐牢),故用虚拟语气。
所以此题的最佳答案应为A。
3.Thepatientinsistedthathe___B______illand_________tothehospital.
A.wasn’t,wasn’tsentB.wasn’t,shouldn’tbesent
C.shouldn’tbe,wasn’tsentD.shouldn’tbe,shouldn’tbesent
4.MysisteradvisedmethatI________accepttheinvitation.
B.must
C.should
D.might
5.Heasksthathe________anopportunitytoexplainwhyhe'
srefusedtogothere.
A.isgiven
B.mustgive
C.shouldgive
D.begiven
7.Iinsistedthathe________atonce.
A.begone
B.go
C.wouldgo
D.mightgo
8.LiMinginsistedthathe________anythingatall.
A.hadn'
tstolen
B.shouldn'
tsteal
C.doesn'
D.steal
9.Ourmonitorrequestedthat________.
A.alltheclassstudiedmorecarefullytheproblem
B.theproblemwasmorecarefu
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