测绘相关外文翻译Word文件下载.docx
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测绘相关外文翻译Word文件下载.docx
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TheSummarizingoftheGlobalPositioningSystem
Abstract
GlobalPositioningSystemisbasedonthebackgroundoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense、Itisdesigned,invested,developed,andoperatedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefense,GPSisasatellite-basedpositioningandtimetransferringGPSpositioningfunctionhasawiderangeofapplicationsinthemodernmeasuringandamoremodernbuilding、GPS-RTKtechnologyisalsowidelyusedinmodernizationbuilding,andnowGPShasalsobeenshowntobeaninterestofanimportantcivilianmunities,andincreasinglywiderangeofapplication、
Keyword:
GPSLocatingRTKLayoutSurvey
1Background
The50s,theformerU、S、S、Rhasnotlaunchedhumanitiesfirstartificialearthsatellite,theAmericanscientistsinalongitstrackresearchin,haddiscoveredtheDopplershiftphenomenon,andhasfacilitatedDopplersatellitenavigationpositioningsystempletingusingthisprinciple,hasobtainedtheenormoussuccessinthemilitaryandthecivilaspect,wasinanavigationlocalizationhistoryleap,ourcountryoncehasalsointroducedmanyDopplerreceiver,appliedtotheislandassociationmeasured,theEarthexploredandsoonthedomain、ButbecauseDopplersatelliteorbithighlylow,signal-carrierfrequencylow,thetrackprecisionenhanceswithdifficulty,causesthepointingaccuracylowly,satisfiesthegeodeticsurveyortheprojectsurveyrequest,ismoreimpossibletouseintheastronomyEarthdynamicsresearch、Inordertoenhancethesatellitepositioningtheprecision,USstartedfrom1973toprepareforconstructionglobalpositioningsystemGPS(GlobalPositioningSystem)、Afterhasenteredtheplanproof,thesystemteststage,startedin1989tolaunchtheofficialworksatellite,andpletelypletedin1994,investmentuse、TheGPSsystemspaceartificiallyisposedbytwentyonesatellites,evenlydistributesinsixorbit,thegroundlevelis20,000Kilometers,theinclinationoforbitis55,theflatheartrateapproximatelyis0,theweekcontractis12hours,thesatellitetotheearthlaunchingtwowavebandsintelligencesignals,theintelligencesignalfrequencyrespectivelyis1575、442megacyclespersecond(theL2waveband),onthesatellitehasinstalledtheprecisionveryhighatomicclock,guaranteesthefrequencythestability,modulatesinthecarrierhastheexpressionsatellitepositionthebroadcaststarexperience,useintherangefinderC/AcodeandPyard,aswelladothersysteminformation,canintheglobalscope,towillfullymulti-userprovidethehighaccuracy,all-weather,iscontinual,real-timethreedimensionalmeasuresfast,thethreedimensionallocalizationandthetimeservice、
TheGPSsystemcontrolsectionbyislocatedintheAmericanfoundationsofthestates5monitoringstationstobeposed,thesestanddidnotaskbreaksCarriesontheobservationtoGPSsatellite,andwillcalculateandtheforecastinformationbytheinfusionstandsrenewstothesatelliteinformation、
TheGPSsystemuserisextremelycovert,itisonekindofone-waysystem,theuseronlyreceivesbutdoesnotneedthetransmittingmessage,andthereforeuser'
squantityalsoisnotlimited、TheGPSistheunificationstartsis,butveryquantityalsoisnotlimited、TheGPSreceiverandprocessingsoftwareemergeinabundance、AtpresentthereceiverwhichappearsintheChinesemarketmainlyhasROGUE,ASHTECH,TRIMBLE,LEICA,SOKKIA,TOPCONandsoon、Cancarryontheobservationtotwofrequenciesthereceivertobecalledthedoublefrequencyreceiver,onlycancarryontheobservationtoafrequencythereceivertobeetheinference、Saysregardingthemappinguser,GPShascausedtherevolutionarychangeinthemappingdomain,atpresent,inthescopeseveralthousandkilometerscontrolsnetwork,intheprecisionfromhundredtothemillimeterlevellocalization,generallyallGPStookthefirstchoicemethod,isdaybydaymaturealongwiththeRTKtechnology,GPSstartedtodecimeterandevenacentimeterlevellayout,domainseepageandsoonhighaccuracydynamiclocalization、
TheinternationalGPSgeodeticsurveyservedIGSwithEarthdynamicsfrom1992,hasestablishedmanydatastorageandtheprocessingcenterinthewholeworld,yeartoyearobservedastationwithhundred,ourcountryhasalsosetupShanghaiYuShan,Wuhan,Xian,Taiwanandsoonmanyyeartoyearmeasuringplatformsstation,thesestationsobservationdatapassedoneverydaythroughtheinternetnettoUS'
Sdatastoragecenter,IGSalsonearlyreal-timesynthesizesvariousdataprocessingcentertheresult,andtheparticipantinternationalearthrotationservedtheIERSglobalcoordinatesreferencesystemmaintenanceandtheearthrotationparameterissue、Theuseralsomayfreeon-lineobtainproductandsoonobservationdataandprecisestarexperiencefrominternet、
TheGPSsystemreal-timenavigationpointingisveryhigh,UShasimplementedtheso-calledSApolicyin1992,namelyreducesthebroadcaststartoundergothestarpositionprecision,reducesthestarclocktochangethepositivenumbertheprecision,addsonthehighfrequencyvibrationtothesatellitedatumfrequency(tocausefalsedistancemeasuringaccuracytoreducewithphase),latterhasimplementedtheA-Spolicy,soonPyardchangeisYyardnamelyfurtherlimitstotheprecisefalsedistancesurvey,butAmericanmilitaryandspecialpermissionusernotthesepolicesinfluences,butUSinordertoobtainthebiggermercialinterest,thesepolicyendsarecancelled、
2GPSlocalizationprincipal
TheGPSreceivermayreceiveanduseinthetimeserviceaccuratelytothenanosecondleveltimeinformation;
willuseintoforecastthefutureforseveralmonthsthesatellitetolocatethesummarypositionforecaststarexperience;
Usesincalculateswhenthelocalizationtoneedthesatellitecoordinatesthebroadcaststarexperience,theprecisionis(eachsatelliteisdifferentseveralmetertoseveraldozensmeterschangesasnecessary);
AswellasGPSsysteminformation,likesatelliteconditionandsoon、
TheGPSreceivermayobtainthesatellitesigntothecodetothereceiverdistance,becauseincludesthereceiversatelliteclocktheerrorandtheatmospherepropagatederror,thereforeiscalledthefalsedistance、ThefalsedistanceobtainswhichtotheOAcodeiscalledtheUAcodefalsedistance,theprecisionapproximatelyisabout20meters,obtainsthefalsedistancetoPyardtobecalledPyardfalsedistance,theprecisionapproximatelyisabout2meters、
TheGPSreceivertothesatellitesignalwhichreceives,carriesonthedecodingorusesothertechnologies,willmodulateafterthecarriertheinformationremoves,willbeallowedtorestorethecarrier、Strictsays,thecarrierphaseshouldbecalledthecarrierbeatfrequencyphase,itisreceivesproducestheDopplershiftinfluencesatellitesignalcarrierphaseandreceiverthismachinevibrationdifferenceofthesignalphase、GenerallyexperienceYuantimewhichdeterminedinthereceiverclocksurveyed,maintainstothesatellitesignaltrackunder,mayrecordthephasechangevalue,butstartstimetheobservationreceiverandthesatelliteoscillatorphasechangevalueisdoesnotknow,namelymistydegreeofwholeweek,onlycancalculateinthedataprocessingastheparametersolution、Phaseobservationvalueprecisionhightomillimeter,butthepremiseissolvesmistydegreeofwholeweek,thereforeonlyhaswhentherelativelocalization,andhasasectioncontinuouslyobservesthevaluecanusethephaseobservationvalue,butmustachievemetersdowntothemillimeterlevelalsoonlytobeabletousethephaseobservationvalue、
Accordingtothelocatemode,theGPSlocalizationdividesintothesimplepointlocalizationandtherelativelocalization(differencelocalization)、Thesimplepointlocalizationisaccordingtoareceiverobservationdatadeterminedthereceiverpositiontheway,itonlycanusethefalsedistanceviewsurvey,mayuseinChefChuanandsoonthesummarynavigationlocalization、Therelativelocalization(differencelocalization)isaccordingtotwoabovereceiversobservationdatadeterminedbetweentheobservationpointtherelativepositionmethod,italreadymayusethefalsedistanceviewsurveyalsotobepossibletousethephaseviewsurvey,thegeodeticsurveyortheprojectsurveyshouldusethephaseobservationvaluetocarryontherelativelocalization、HascontainedthesatelliteandreceiverZhongChai,theatmosphericdisseminationintheGPSviewsurveyretards,errorandsoonmultiparteffect,whenlocalizationerrortheinfluence,whencarriesontherelativelocalizationthemajorityofpublicerrorsarecounterbalancedorweaken,thereforethepointingaccuracygreatlywillenhance,thedoublefrequencyreceiverwillbeallowedtoactaccordingtotwofrequenciesintheviewsurveycounterbalanceatmospheretheionosphere-patherrormainpart,willrequesthighintheprecision,betweenthereceiverthedistancewi11befartherwhen(atmospherewillhaveobviousdifference),willbesupposedtoselectthedoublefrequencyreceiver、
Whenlocalizationobservation,ifthereceiverisoppositetotheearthssurfacemovement,theniscalledthedynamiclocalization,likeusesinsummarynavigationlocalizationtheandsoonChefChuanprecisionis30-100meterfalsedistancesimplepointlocalization,eitherusesinthecityvehiclesnavigationlocalizationricelevelprecisionfalsedistancedifferencelocalization(RTK),thereal-timedifferencelocalizationneedsthedatachainreal-timetransmitstwoormanystationsobservationdatacalculatestogether、
Whenlocalizationobservation,ifthereceiverisoppositetotheearthssurfacestatic,theniscalledthestaticlocalization,w
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